磷钨酸修饰活性炭载Pd催化剂的制备及对甲酸氧化的电催化性能简

通过水浴浸泡制备了磷钨酸(PWA)修饰的活性炭(PWA/C),再通过液相还原法将Pd沉积于PWA/C复合载体上制备了Pd-PWA/C催化剂. 采用X射线能量色散(EDS)谱、X射线衍射(XRD)谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对产物进行表征. 结果表明,磷钨酸修饰活性炭不仅能有效降低Pd纳米粒子的粒径,而且与Pd纳米粒子间发生了强烈作用. 电化学测试结果显示,Pd-PWA/C催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性和稳定性均远优于Pd/C催化剂,这是由于Pd与PWA/C间的强烈作用既能有效降低CO在催化剂上的吸附强度和吸附量,又能降低甲酸分解的速率,从而减弱CO的毒化作用.     

磷钨酸修饰活性炭载Pd催化剂的制备及对甲酸氧化的电催化性能

通过水浴浸泡制备了磷钨酸(PWA)修饰的活性炭(PWA/C), 再通过液相还原法将Pd沉积于PWA/C复合载体上制备了Pd-PWA/C催化剂. 采用X射线能量色散(EDS)谱、 X射线衍射(XRD)谱、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对产物进行表征. 结果表明, 磷钨酸修饰活性炭不仅能有效降低Pd纳米粒子的粒径, 而且与Pd纳米粒子间发生了强烈作用. 电化学测试结果显示, Pd-PWA/C催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性和稳定性均远优于Pd/C催化剂, 这是由于Pd与PWA/C间的强烈作用既能有效降低CO在催化剂上的吸附强度和吸附量, 又能降低甲酸分解的速率, 从而减弱CO的毒化作用.     

Pd/TiO2/C复合催化剂的制备及其在碱性溶液中对乙醇氧化的电催化性能

钛酸四丁酯前驱体水热合成制备纳米TiO₂颗粒,在TiO₂和Vulcan XC-72活性炭复合载体上液相还原负载Pd纳米颗粒,制得Pd/TiO₂/C复合催化剂. 通过透射电镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）测试表明其具有面心立方结构,Pd金属粒子（粒径约3 ~ 4 nm）均匀分散在锐钛矿型的纳米TiO₂和活性炭的复合载体上. 循环伏安和计时电流曲线测试表明,与相同Pd载量的Pd/C相比,20% Pd载量的Pd/TiO₂/C颗粒在常温常压下对乙醇的电催化氧化有很高活性和稳定性. 这主要归功于纳米TiO₂改变了Pd表面的电子特性,且增大了其比表面积.     

镁铝复合金属氧化物负载纳米Pd催化剂的制备及其在醇胺一步合成亚胺反应中的应用

以共沉淀法制备的Pd2+掺杂水滑石为前驱体,通过焙烧、还原得到了镁铝复合金属氧化物负载纳米Pd催化剂.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),场发射透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对催化剂进行表征,发现通过Pd2+掺杂水滑石为前驱体制备的复合金属氧化物负载纳米Pd催化剂,可以实现Pd纳米颗粒(3.6 nm)在镁铝复合氧化物表面的均匀分散.该催化剂在催化苯甲醇和苯胺一步法合成N-苄叉苯胺时,在温和的反应条件下表现出良好的催化性能以及对N-苄叉苯胺较高的选择性,产物收率99%.在循环实验过程中,催化剂表现出较好的稳定性,并且催化活性未见下降.     

负载型Pd/TiO2和Pd-Ag/TiO2催化剂的乙炔选择性加氢催化性能

利用程序升温还原(TPR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、CO吸附-红外光谱(CO-IR)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)和微型催化反应评价等手段, 研究了负载Pd/γ-Al2O3, Pd/TiO2和Pd-Ag/TiO2催化剂的结构和乙炔选择性加氢催化性能. 结果表明, Pd/TiO2催化剂具有较Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂更优良的乙炔选择性加氢催化性能, 这与Pd-TiO2之间的强相互作用密切相关. Pd-TiO2之间的强相互作用不仅使负载型钯金属催化剂具有较高的乙炔加氢催化选择性, 而且具有较高的乙炔加氢催化活性. Pd/TiO2催化剂中添加Ag 组分后, Pd金属可促进Ag+的还原并可能形成Pd-Ag合金, 催化剂的乙烯选择性虽有所增加, 但乙炔转化率和乙烯收率下降.     

质子交换膜燃料电池Pd修饰Pt/C催化剂的电催化性能

通过对Pt催化剂表面进行Pd修饰提高质子交换膜燃料电池阴极催化剂的氧还原反应(ORR)活性. 采用乙二醇还原法制备了不同比例的Pd修饰Pt/C催化剂. 透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试结果表明, 制备的催化剂贵金属颗粒粒径主要分布在1.75～2.50 nm之间, 并均匀地分散在碳载体表面. 循环伏安方法(CV)研究表明Pd修饰Pt/C催化剂的电化学活性面积低于传统的Pt/C催化剂. 但通过旋转圆盘电极(RDE)测试研究发现, 制备的催化剂具有比传统Pt/C催化剂高的ORR活性.     

Pd/NH2C3H6-MCM-41催化水介质中的碘苯Ullmann反应

 采用室温共缩聚法合成了胺基改性MCM-41杂化材料(NH2C3H6-MCM-41), 并以此材料为载体制备了负载型Pd催化剂 (Pd/NH2C3H6-MCM-41). 采用X射线衍射、核磁共振、红外光谱、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱和N2吸附等方法对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,催化剂仍保持有MCM-41的孔结构,但其有序度随着 NH2C3H6-基团和Pd含量的增加而降低. 催化剂在以水为溶剂的碘苯偶联反应(Ullmann反应)中显示出优良的催化性能,联苯收率可达63%, 有望为清洁有机合成提供高效非均相催化剂. 胺基修饰的促进作用可归因于催化剂Pd分散度的提高和表面化学性质的改变.     

X-射线吸收谱原位表征Cu-Zn/SiO2催化剂Cu价态

铜基催化剂的价态组成与制备方法、还原温度有关,也是决定其催化性能的关键因素.本文对比研究Cu-Zn/SiO₂和Cu/SiO₂催化剂前驱体在不同还原温度下的价态组成及其醋酸甲酯加氢性能.采用同步辐射X射线吸收谱原位表征催化剂前驱体的Cu K边的X射线近边吸收谱（XANES）,通过线性组合分析方法（LCF）拟合XANES吸收谱得到了催化剂前驱体在不同还原温度下氧化态（Cu²⁺、Cu⁺）和金属态（Cu⁰）的组分含量.结果表明：（1）采用蒸氨法添加Zn制备的Cu-Zn/SiO₂催化剂前驱体铜组分还原度高;（2）催化剂前驱体在还原过程中Cu⁺主要存在于低温还原阶段（<250℃）,且Cu⁰+Cu⁺含量较低（≤ 40%）;（3）金属态铜是醋酸酯加氢反应的活性中心.     

高效组合型 Pd/C 催化剂用于 Suzuki 偶联反应

 采用有机金属 Pd2(dba)3 (dba 为二亚苄基丙酮) 还原分解法制得均匀分布的 Pd 纳米颗粒 (粒径为 3~6 nm) 混合液, 并用活性炭直接吸附得到了组合型 Pd/C 纳米催化剂. 采用透射电子显微镜、X 射线光电子能谱和 X 射线衍射等手段测定了催化剂表面 Pd 颗粒大小分布、晶型和化学态等. 将该催化剂用于 Suzuki 碳-碳偶联反应, 其催化活性比浸渍法制备的 Pd/C 催化剂高 2 倍以上. 以溴代芳烃为底物时, 在 80 oC 下 0.5 h 后偶联产物收率可达 98% 以上. 以邻氯硝基苯为底物时, 在 110 oC 下 1 h 后偶联产物收率可达 64%; 延长反应时间, 产物收率可达 90% 以上.     

碳掺杂的二氧化钛纳米管的制备及其可见光催化性能

以尿素作为碳元素前驱体对TiO2纳米管进行掺杂,采用比表面积测定、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、能量色散X射线荧光光谱、X射线光电子能谱、固体漫反射紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对产物进行了表征。 结果表明,以尿素作为前驱体可制备C掺杂的TiO2纳米管,C掺杂后,TiO2纳米管的可见光催化活性明显提高。 此外,研究了C掺杂量、煅烧温度、催化剂用量和pH值对TiO2纳米管光催化降解活性的影响,发现当C的掺杂量为5.3%、催化剂用量为1.5 g/L、溶液的pH值为5时,在其催化作用下,可见光光照3 h后罗丹明B的降解率可达到91%。     

Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Simultaneous propane dehydrogenation andco2hydrogenation overCrOx/SiO2catalyst

Summary Single reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂(DH-CO₂) reactions in the presence and absence of the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst have been studied between 673 and 873 K. It was found that the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst is active both in the dehydrogenation of propane and in the RWGS reactions. The obtained results suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂on CrO_x/SiO₂can be facilitated by the RWGS reaction.</o:p>     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

LixNi0.8-yCo0.2ZnyOp的合成及电化学性能研究

A series of single-phase Li_xNi_0.8-yCo_0.2Zn_yO_p(0.96 ≤x≤ 1.10， 0 ≤y≤ 0.05， 2 ≤p≤ 2(1+y) ) (different in the y values) were synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method， in which LiOH·H₂O， Zn-doped spherical Ni(OH)₂ and Co₂O₃ were used as the precursors. The ICP-AES analyses proved that the Zn-doped compounds synthesized had the nonstoichiometric form. The results of the XRD， SEM identified that the uniform particles of the as-prepared materials having a good layered structure were fine， narrowly distributed and well crystallized. The electrochemical performance test was carried out and the results showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped materials had not only a high capacity， but also a better cycling stability characterization than the un-doped one. The Li_1.06Ni_0.75Co_0.22Zn_0.03O_2.03 material has an initial reversible capacity as high as 160.5mAh·g^-1; and a first discharge efficiency 89.2%， and exhibits satisfactory cyclic stability with 90% retainable capacity after 50 cycles.     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

Visible light-sensitive yellow TiO2−xNx and Fe-N co-doped Ti1−yFeyO2−xNx anatase photocatalysts

Nitrogen substituted yellow colored anatase TiO_2−xN_x and Fe-N co-doped Ti_1−yFe_yO_2−xN_x have been easily synthesized by novel hydrazine method. White anatase TiO_2−δ and N/Fe-N-doped samples are semiconducting and the presence of ESR signals at g ∼1.994-2.0025 supports the oxygen vacancy and g∼4.3 indicates Fe³⁺ in the lattice. TiO_2−xN_x has higher conductivity than TiO_2−x and Fe/Fe-N-doped anatase and the UV absorption edge of white TiO_2−x extends in the visible region in N, Fe and Fe-N co-doped TiO₂, which show, respectively, two band gaps at ∼3.25/2.63, ∼3.31/2.44 and 2.8/2.44 eV. An activation energy of ∼1.8 eV is observed in Arrhenius log resistivity vs. 1/T plots for all samples. All TiO₂ and Fe-doped TiO₂ show low 2-propanol photodegradation activity but have significant NO photodestruction capability, both in UV and visible regions, while standard Degussa P-25 is incapable in destroying NO in the visible region The mid-gap levels that these N and Fe-N-doped TiO₂ consist may cause this discrepancy in their photocatalytic activities.     

Carbon black and propylene oxidation over Ru/CoxMgyAl2Oz catalysts

The effects of Co_xMg_yAl₂O_z mixed oxides composition and ruthenium addition on the oxidation of propylene and carbon black (CB) were investigated. Different reactive cobalt and ruthenium oxide species were formed following calcination at 600 °C. The addition of ruthenium was beneficial for the CB oxidation under “loose contact” conditions and for propylene oxidation when the cobalt content was intermediate to low. The calculated activation energy for CB oxidation was decreased from 151 kJ mol⁻¹ for the uncatalyzed reaction to 111 kJ mol⁻¹ over the best catalyst.     

Structure refinement, dielectric, pyroelectric and Raman characterizations of Ba1−xLax(1−y)/2Euxy/2Nax/2TiO3 solid solution

The perovskite-type oxides Ba_1−xLa_x(1−y)/2Eu_xy/2Na_x/2TiO₃ (0?x?0.5 and xy=0.04) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction as well as dielectric measurements and Raman spectroscopy. The crystal structure of these ceramics has been determined by the Rietveld refinement powder X-ray diffraction data at room temperature. These compounds crystallize at room temperature in tetragonal space group P4mm for 0?x?0.1 and in the cubic group for 0.2?x?0.5. The phase transition temperature T_C (or T_m) decreases as x content increases. The degree of diffuseness of the phase transition is more pronounced for higher x content, implying the existence of a composition-induced diffuse phase transition of the ceramics with x?0.1. The evolution of the Raman spectra was studied as a function of various compositions at room temperature. The polarization state was checked by pyroelectric measurements.