Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2催化剂低温催化燃烧去除饮食油烟

以CexZr1-xO2固溶体做载体,制备了系列Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2催化剂(x=1,0.75,0.5,0.25,0).应用Brunauer-Emmet-Teller(BET)比表面积分析、X射线衍射(XRD)和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂进行相关表征,并系统研究了催化剂在饮食油烟催化燃烧中的催化活性.BET结果表叫催化剂的比表面积随Ce/Zr摩尔比的减小而减小.XRD结果表明贵金属Pt很好地分散在氧化铝和CexZr1-xO2固溶体上.H2-TPR结果发现催化剂Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的还原峰面积最大且氧离子的流动性最好.催化活性研究结果表明Pt负载在CexZr1-xO2固溶体上有利于油烟的催化燃烧,降低了反应温度.随着CexZr1-xO2固溶体中Ce/Zr摩尔比的变化,催化剂的活性顺序为Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/CeO2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/ZrO2.     

助剂Cu对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂低温还原性能影响

制备了一系列铜质量分数不同的CuNi/γ-Al2O3催化剂，进行了TPR和XRD表征并测定了该系列催化剂对苯加氢制环己烷的催化活性。结果表明，助剂Cu的负载量对低温（160 ℃）还原后催化剂的催化活性影响很大，在铜镍原子摩尔比为1∶1时，催化剂具有较高的催化活性和稳定性；添加铜组分可促进镍在载体表面分散，使负载NiO的还原温度降低，催化活性提高。     

Methane Dry Reforming over Alumina Supported Co Catalysts

A series of Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared with the impregnation .method and characterized by means of the BET specific surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Laser Raman spectroscopy. The Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were activated by using H2, 20%CH4/H2 or CH4, re-spectively. There was no obvious difference between the activities of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst activated by us-ing the different activation methods for methane dry reforming. The catalytic properties of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different Co loadings were also investigated. The optimized Co loading for the Co/γ-Al2O3 cata-lyst pretreated with 20% CH4/H2 is around 12% (mass fraction).     

不同助剂掺杂的铬基催化剂的制备及其对乙烷氧化脱氢的催化性能

以硝酸盐作为前驱体,Al₂O₃为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了系列不同助剂（Mn, Co, Ce）及不同助剂含量（1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%）掺杂的铬基催化剂,其结构经X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、 H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和CO₂程序升温脱附（CO₂-TPD）表征。并考察了催化剂对乙烷氧化脱氢反应的催化性能。结果表明：添加Co助剂有利于活性组分铬的分散,10Cr₃Co/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂表现出最佳催化性能,在反应温度为650 ℃, V(CO₂) ：V(C₂H₆)=3 ：1,空速(GHSV)为3 600 mL·（g·h）^-1条件下,在该催化剂上乙烯产率为36.5%。     

Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2催化剂低温催化燃烧去除饮食油烟

以CexZr1-xO2固溶体做载体, 制备了系列Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2催化剂(x=1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0). 应用Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET)比表面积分析、X射线衍射(XRD)和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂进行相关表征, 并系统研究了催化剂在饮食油烟催化燃烧中的催化活性. BET结果表明催化剂的比表面积随Ce/Zr摩尔比的减小而减小. XRD结果表明贵金属Pt很好地分散在氧化铝和CexZr1-xO2固溶体上. H2-TPR结果发现催化剂Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的还原峰面积最大且氧离子的流动性最好. 催化活性研究结果表明Pt负载在CexZr1-xO2固溶体上有利于油烟的催化燃烧, 降低了反应温度. 随着CexZr1-xO2固溶体中Ce/Zr摩尔比的变化, 催化剂的活性顺序为Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2>Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2>Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2>Pt/γ-Al2O3/CeO2>Pt/γ-Al2O3/ZrO2.     

焙烧温度对CuO/γ-Al2O3和CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂NO还原活性的影响

用浸渍法制备了CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂和CeO2改性的CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,考察了焙烧温度对CuO/γ-Al2O3和CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂C3H6还原NO反应活性的影响,以及CeO2的添加量对CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂C3H6还原NO反应活性的影响。结果表明,在200 ℃～500 ℃的焙烧温度范围内,焙烧温度对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性影响很小；在500 ℃～800 ℃的焙烧温度范围内,随着焙烧温度的升高CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性急剧下降,由XRD物相测定结果可知,归因于对反应表现惰性的尖晶石CuAl2O4相的生成。当焙烧温度为500 ℃时,CeO2的添加对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性影响很小；当焙烧温度为800 ℃时,CeO2的添加对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂有明显的助催化作用,当Ce和Cu的摩尔比为1∶10时,NO转化率较为理想。     

焙烧及还原温度对 Co-Pt-ZrO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂费托合成反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Co-Pt-ZrO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,对其进行了BET、XRD和TPR等表征,并在浆态床反应器上考察了焙烧温度和还原温度对催化剂费托合成反应性能的影响。结果表明,焙烧温度过高,容易造成Co物种和载体间的相互作用增强,使部分氧化钴颗粒聚集或烧结,导致催化剂的F-T合成反应活性和C₅₊烃选择性降低。还原温度较低时,钴物种不能充分还原,CO加氢活性低,甲烷选择性高,重质烃选择性低;还原温度过高,则可能造成活性物种的烧结,反而降低了催化剂的活性和重质烃选择性。在原料气n(H₂)/n(CO)=2.0、483 K、2.4 MPa和空速3.6 L/(gcat·h)的条件下,31.08%Co～0.11%Pt～7.16%ZrO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂在673 K焙烧。纯H₂下653 K还原后,其费托性能最佳;CO转化率为27.0%,C₅₊的选择性为83.0%。     

Enhanced catalytic performance for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas over a La2O3 modified Cu-ZrO2/γ-Al2O3 hybrid catalyst

A series of hybrid catalysts were made by physically mixing Cu-ZrO 2 and γ-Al 2 O 3,for former it was modified with different loadings of La 2 O 3 prepared by co-precipitation method.The catalysts were characterized by BET,XRD,N 2 O-adsorption,EXAFS,H 2-TPR,NH 3-TPD techniques and evaluated in the synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas.The results show that La 2 O 3 promoted catalysts displayed a significantly better catalytic performance compared with Cu-ZrO 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst in CO conversion and DME selectivity,and the optimum catalytic activity was obtained when the content of La 2 O 3 was 12 wt%.The characterizations reveal that high copper dispersion,facile reducibility of copper particles and appropriate amount of acidic sites are responsible for the superior catalytic performance.     

NiO/WO3/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂上正庚烷的临氢异构化

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体,用分步浸渍法制备了NiO/WO3/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂。 在常压连续流动固定床反应器上考察了NiO/WO3/TiO2-Al2O3对正庚烷临氢异构化反应的催化性能。 研究了催化剂中WO3含量、Ni含量、焙烧温度和还原温度及催化反应温度对临氢异构化反应的影响。 采用XRD和BET方法对催化剂进行了表征。 结果表明,当w(WO3)=25%、w(Ni)=10%时,所制备的NiO/WO3/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂对正庚烷异构化反应的催化性能最好,活性可达15.50%,选择性可达84.06%。     

TiO2对Ni/Al2O3催化剂CO甲烷化性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列不同TiO₂含量的TiO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体,并通过浸渍法制备了NiO/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂。分别考察了不同TiO₂含量的NiO/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂及反应温度对CO甲烷化催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,当复合载体中TiO₂质量分数为30%,反应温度为350～450 ℃时,催化剂催化活性较高。利用N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)及H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等手段对催化剂物化性能进行了表征。结果表明,加入适量的TiO₂能抑制镍铝尖晶石NiAl₂O₄物种的生成,改善NiO的表面分散性能,避免大晶粒NiO的形成,也改善了催化剂的还原性能,从而提高催化剂的CO甲烷化活性。     

PREPARATION OF CUO/γ-Al2O3 CATALYSTS FOR CATALYTIC COMBUSTION VOCS VIA PLASMA

CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by plasma treatment and conventional impregnation methods. The catalytic combustion of two kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toluene and benzene, were carried out over these CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. The surface properties of these catalysts were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed that in catalytic combustion the activity of the CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared via plasma was much higher than that of the CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by conventional impregnation method. XRD results showed that an enhanced dispersion had been achieved with the plasma treatment. SEM results indicated that the size became much smaller and the surface became more uniform with the plasma treatment.     

甲烷干重整催化剂Ni/Al2O3表面积炭表征与分析

用蒸发法制备了Ni/Al2O3催化剂及浸渍法制备了Ni/α-Al2O3和Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂, 并与商品天然气水蒸气重整催化剂Z118Y一起进行了甲烷干重整实验, 考察了各催化剂上表面积炭行为. 通过H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)比表面积分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重-差式扫描量热(TG-DSC)、程序升温氢化(TPH)等表征手段对催化剂表面沉积炭的特性进行了表征. 结果表明, 各催化剂上至少存在三种形式的碳物种: 无定形碳、丝状碳及石墨碳. 由于载体性质不同, 各催化剂上沉积炭的种类及其含量有所差别. Z118Y、Ni/Al2O3及Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂上主要沉积丝状炭, 而Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上则主要是石墨碳. Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂中金属Ni颗粒较小(小于15 nm)、粒径分布范围较窄、分散性较好, 能减少催化剂表面炭的沉积, 有效地抑制丝状碳的生长.     

富氧条件下Ir催化NO反应

用浸渍法制备了系列Ir催化剂, 研究了富氧条件下Ir催化NO的反应, 考察了催化剂的催化反应性能及负载量和载体对催化活性的影响. 结果表明, 在Ir催化剂上不仅发生了NO氧化反应, 同时也发生了NO还原反应; Ir催化剂对NO反应有催化作用, 催化活性随Ir负载量的增加而增强. 载体对催化剂活性有一定的影响, 负载量低于0.1%(w)时, 催化NO氧化的活性顺序为Ir/ZSM-5>Ir/γ-Al2O3>Ir/SiO2, 这主要受载体自身性质的影响; 负载量高于0.1%时, 催化NO氧化的活性顺序为Ir/ZSM-5>Ir/SiO2>Ir/γ的活性顺序为Ir/γ-Al2O3>Ir/SiO2>Ir/ZSM-5, 这主要由于载体吸附作用促进了NO2在Ir催化剂上吸附分解. 与Pt催化剂相比, Ir催化剂更有利于促进NO还原.     

CuO/TiO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂表征及对NO+CO反应性能研究

采用色谱-微反流动法反应装置考察了w%CuO/15%TiO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对NO+CO的反应活性;催化剂经空气氛或氢气氛预处理后,NO转化率达100%的反应温度分别是325和275 ℃;XRD仅能检测到γ-Al₂O₃晶相,负载15%CuO后可以检测到微弱的CuO晶相;H₂-TPR能检测到2个CuO的还原峰(α和β峰),将其归属于高度分散的CuO分别在裸露的γ-Al₂O₃和TiO₂/γ-Al₂O₃载体上的还原;原位红外分析结果表明催化剂经空气氛或氢气氛预处理后,吸附NO+CO反应气后,反应的中间产物N₂O出现的温度分别为200和150 ℃。     

Simultaneous removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides over V-Pd/γ-Al_2O_3-TiO_2 catalyst

V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts with different vanadium contents were prepared by a combined sol-gel and impregnation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and catalytic removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at low temperature (<300 ?C) were used to assess the properties of the catalysts. The results showed that the sample with 1wt% vanadium exhibited an excellent catalytic performance for simultaneous removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides. The conversions of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at 250 ?C were 100%, 74.4% and 98.7%, respectively. V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst with 1 wt% vanadium showed the largest surface area and higher dispersion of vanadium oxide on the catalyst surface, and possessed a larger mole fraction of V4+ species and unique PdO species on the surface, which can be attributed to the strong synergistic effect among palladium, vanadium and the carriers. The higher activity of V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst is related to the V4+ and Pd2+ species on the surface, which might be favorable for the formation of active sites.     

PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢催化性能

用微型催化反应装置评价, 并结合X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、表面积和孔结构测试、程序升温还原(TPR)、氢化学吸附和热重分析等方法研究了负载型PtSn/γ-Al2O3, PtSn/MCM-41和PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢反应催化性能. 发现PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较PtSn/MCM-41催化剂高的丙烷脱氢反应活性和较PtSn/γ-Al2O3催化剂高的反应稳定性. 实验结果表明, 纯硅MCM-41载体表面的锡物种因与载体相互作用较弱故易被还原, 导致铂金属分散度和催化剂的丙烷脱氢活性较低. 用Al2O3修饰MCM-41可以增强Sn物种与Al2O3/MCM-41载体之间的相互作用, 提高PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂铂金属分散度和丙烷脱氢催化活性. 并且, 积炭后的PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较高的铂金属表面裸露度, 故具有较高的丙烷脱氢反应稳定性. PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂优良的丙烷脱氢催化性能可能不仅与Sn-载体Al2O3/MCM-41较强的相互作用有关, 而且与Al2O3/MCM-41载体的介孔结构有关.     

Autothermal reforming of methane over Ni catalysts supported over ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3

Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3, CeO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 were prepared by coprecipitation method, and their catalytic performances for autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS. The relationship between the structures and catalytic activities of the catalysts was discussed. The results showed that the catalytic activity and stability of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was better than those of other catalysts with the highest CH4 conversion, H2/CO and H2/COx ratio at 750 ℃. The catalyst showed a little deactivation along the reaction time during its 72 h on stream with the mean deactivation rate of 0.08%/h. The catalytic performance of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was also affected by reaction temperature, no2 ： nCH4 molar ratio and nH2O ： nCH4 molar ratio. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the formation of ZrO2-CeO2 solid solution could improve the dispersion of NiO, and inhibit the formation of NiAl2O3, and thus significantly promoted the catalytic activity of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst.     

用辛烷基硫醇单层保护Au纳米粒子制备CO氧化催化剂Au/γ-Al2O3

采用两相法合成出含活性组分Au的辛烷基硫醇单层保护Au纳米粒子(C8AuNPs)的正己烷溶胶, 用“逐次浸润”法将C8AuNPs负载在γ-Al2O3上, 经真空干燥及活化处理制得Au/γ-Al2O3催化剂. 所制得的Au催化剂前体C8AuNPs/γ-Al2O3表面Au粒子平均粒径可控制在2-3 nm范围内, 且分布比较单一; 催化剂活性评价600 h后, 其表面Au的粒径仍主要分布在2-4 nm范围内; 真空干燥温度影响Au催化剂的粒子尺寸和催化活性, 随着真空干燥温度的提高, Au纳米粒子的粒径增大. 将所制备的催化剂用于低温CO氧化反应, 催化活性评价结果表明, 经25 ℃真空干燥制得的2.5%(质量分数, w)Au/γ-Al2O3具有较高的活性和长期稳定性, 其催化CO完全转化的最低温度为-19 ℃, 在15 ℃下CO完全转化时Au/γ-Al2O3的单程寿命至少900 h; 4.0%(w) Au/γ-Al2O3在15 ℃和进料中含水条件下对CO完全氧化的单程寿命不低于2000 h, 可见催化剂具有强的抗潮湿中毒特性. 综合上述实验结果, 讨论了影响Au/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性的可能因素.     

γ-Al2O3催化合成聚甲基膦酸乙二醇酯的适宜活化温度的确定

聚甲基膦酸乙二醇酯(PEMP)作为一种良好的阻燃剂,具有无毒、低烟、含磷量高、阻燃效果好的优点。 γ-Al₂O₃是催化乙二醇(EG)和甲基磷酸二甲酯(DMMP)缩合生成PEMP的良好催化剂。 但是由于γ-Al₂O₃容易吸附CO₂和水分,降低其催化活性,所以使用前需要活化。 活化温度影响着γ-Al₂O₃的催化活性。 本文分别在300、400、500、600、700和800 ℃不同温度下对γ-Al₂O₃进行活化,用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分析了γ-Al₂O₃晶型变化、用低温氮吸附比表面积测试法(BET法)测量了γ-Al₂O₃比表面积、孔径和孔容积,用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了红外吸收变化,用吡啶吸附-FTIR测定了γ-Al₂O₃的Brønsted酸位点与Lewis酸位点相对含量。 比较了不同温度下活化的γ-Al₂O₃催化合成PEMP产品的纯度和粘度,找到了γ-Al₂O₃催化合成PEMP的适宜活化温度为400~600 ℃。 此时,γ-Al₂O₃属于典型的γ-Al₂O₃晶型,比表面积较大,孔径较小,所得PEMP产品纯度最高。     

碱土金属对ZrO2-Al2O3及其负载Pd-Rh密偶催化剂的影响

采用胶溶法制备了一系列碱土金属改性的ZrO₂-Al₂O₃, 并以其为载体采用等体积浸渍法制备了Pd-Rh密偶催化剂. 采用低温N₂吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)对载体样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 碱土金属的添加增大了ZrO₂-Al₂O₃的比表面积, Sr-Zr-Al样品经1000 °C焙烧5 h后具有最大的比表面积, 为164 m²·g^-1. 对催化剂进行了H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和活性表征, 考察了催化剂对C₃H₈的转化活性. 测试结果表明, 添加碱土金属能有效提高催化剂上丙烷的转化活性.