基于纳米金与碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖纳米复合物固定癌胚抗原免疫传感器的研究

采用纳米金(nano-Au)、多壁碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖的纳米复合物(MWNT-Pt-CS)及电子媒介体硫堇(Th)固载抗体制得高灵敏癌胚抗原免疫传感器．首先, 于壳聚糖溶液中用NaBH4还原H2PtCl6, 并将多壁碳纳米管分散于其中制得碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖纳米复合物, 并将其滴涂在玻碳电极上成膜; 然后, 吸附电子媒介体硫堇制得硫堇/碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖(Th/MWNT-Pt-CS)修饰电极．利用壳聚糖和硫堇分子中大量的氨基固定纳米金并吸附癌胚抗体(anti-CEA); 最后, 用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)封闭活性位点从而制得高灵敏电流型免疫传感器．在优化的实验条件下, 该传感器响应的峰电流值与癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen)浓度在0.5～10和10～120 ng/mL的范围内保持良好的线性关系, 检测限为0.2 ng/mL．     

Au/NTS-1催化丙烯气相直接环氧化(英文)

以高温氨气处理制得含氮微孔钛硅分子筛(NTS-1)为载体,用沉积-沉淀法制得了一系列纳米金催化剂.考察了纳米金催化剂在氢气和氧气共存下催化丙烯气相环氧化制环氧丙烷反应中的催化性能.结果表明,高温氨气处理钛硅分子筛(TS-1)载体降低了其酸性,提高了纳米金催化剂制备中金的利用率和纳米金催化剂中金的分散度,显著提高纳米金催化剂的催化活性.载体酸性降低和载体表面–NH2配位效应增强了催化剂活性.     

纳米Fe2O3和Fe3O4的制备及其催化高氯酸铵热分解性能的研究——一个仪器分析综合实验

介绍一个仪器分析综合实验——纳米Fe_2O_3和Fe_3O_4的制备及其催化高氯酸铵热分解性能的研究。采用水热法合成纳米Fe_3O_4,进而煅烧得到纳米Fe_2O_3。使用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对制得的样品结构进行表征,通过透射电镜(TEM)可以发现其为球形颗粒,粒径在10–20 nm范围内。将制得的纳米Fe_2O_3和纳米Fe_3O_4按不同比例加入高氯酸铵(AP)中,通过对混合物进行热分析(TG-DSC),发现纳米Fe_2O_3和纳米Fe_3O_4可以明显促进AP的分解,且Fe_2O_3的催化效果优于Fe_3O_4的催化效果,并对催化机理进行了简单讨论。通过该实验,可以让学生学习水热反应的方法,掌握利用XRD、热分析等多种手段对化合物结构及性能进行表征的技能。     

磁性Fe_3O_4@PS@PAMAM-Ag复合催化粒子的制备及其可再生催化性能(英文)

采用聚苯乙烯(PS)包裹Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,制得Fe3O4@PS复合微球,以此作为磁性载体,通过微球表面的羧基将聚酰胺-胺类树形大分子(PAMAM)连接到磁性载体上,然后使Ag纳米粒子镶嵌在树形分子层中,制得可再生的金属复合催化粒子Fe3O4@PS@PAMAM-Ag.并采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和X射线光电子能谱等方法对复合催化粒子进行了表征,结果表明,树形分子可以较好地分散和稳定金属Ag纳米粒子,所制复合催化粒子表面Ag含量为1.64%,具有较高的催化还原对硝基苯酚的活性.同时,利用外加磁场可以方便快捷地从反应体系中分离出来,继续用于下一次反应中,复合催化粒子循环使用6次后,仍保持完全的催化性能.     

稀土/纳米TiO2的表面电子结构

用浸泽法对纳米TiO2粉末进行稀土处理，制得稀土／纳米TiO2光催化功能材料。利用扫描隧道显微镜／扫描隧道谱技术研究稀土／TiO2纳米光催化材料的表面电子结构。结果表明：在纳米TiO2中加入铈元素制备的Ce/TiO2纳米粉末材料，其表面禁带内－0．8及 0.5eV附近可出现新能级，稀土能促进羟基自由基产生、提高光催化活性，可实现可见光条件下光催化净化空气。     

离子交换法纳米Cu2O的制备及光催化性能的研究

采用强酸性阳离子交换树脂（R—H）,以CuSO4·5H2O为原料,制备出R2-Cu型阳离子交换树脂,R2-Cu型阳离子交换树脂与酒石酸钾钠进行离子交换得到Cu（OH）2,再用葡萄糖还原制得Cu2O纳米粒子,用IR、XRD、BET、TEM等手段对样品进行了表征,并以催化罗丹明B为模拟染料,日光（4月晴天,T=15～25℃）为光源,在自制的无色透明的玻璃反应器进行光催化降解反应,考察了Cu2O纳米粒子的催化性能．     

纳米二氧化锆催化剂上一氧化碳加氢合成异丁烯

 考察了纳米ZrO2的制备方法及Al2O3和KOH助剂的添加对ZrO2催化\r\nCO加氢合成异丁烯反应的影响．纳米ZrO2的制备方法对ZrO2的物理性质\r\n和催化性能有较大的影响．用超临界流体干燥法干燥并在流动N2气氛中\r\n焙烧制得的ZrO2催化剂对异丁烯具有较高的选择性．Al2O3和KOH助剂表\r\n现出非常优良的助剂效应，在大幅度提高催化剂对i－C4烃选择性的同\r\n时保持了和ZrO2同样高的催化活性．催化剂的酸碱性表征结果表明，酸\r\n碱性对催化剂的催化性能影响很大，催化剂上适宜的酸碱数量和酸碱比\r\n例是影响其催化CO加氢合成异丁烯性能的非常重要的因素．     

高度分散的Pt/TiO2的制备及光催化活性

用柠檬酸作为空穴捕获剂和分散剂,在温和条件下用光催化还原法将3nm金属铂沉积在7nm的锐钛矿相及介孔二氧化钛纳米晶表面,TEM观察显示铂的负载量为w=1．0％时,多数二氧化钛纳米晶表面沉积了岛状的铂团簇,XPS和电子衍射结果表明铂以游离态存在．负载w=1．0％～2．0％铂的TiO2在苯酚光氧化反应中活性显著提高,Pt/TiO2在氨气中经550℃氮化,可制得氮掺杂的Pt／TiO2可见光光催化剂,氮化过程中铂团簇没有烧结和显著长大。     

固载脯氨酸的毛发状纳米粒子的合成及其应用研究

毛发状粒子表面的聚合物链是一个具有一定流动性的动态体系,其负载的催化剂综合了均相和非均相负载催化剂的优点,为手性催化剂的负载和实用化提供了一条新的途径。本文利用Si O2纳米粒子表面修饰制得的功能基,通过表面RAFT聚合,并经过氨基去保护后制得负载脯氨酸的毛发状纳米粒子。通过热重、红外和透射电镜对毛发状二氧化硅纳米粒子的结构进行表征,并将获得的毛发状纳米粒子作为催化剂直接催化不对称Aldol反应。     

不同制备方法对铈锆复合氧化物结构及性能的影响

采用共沉淀法、均相沉淀法以及反相微乳法制备了铈锆复合氧化物.通过XRD,TEM,BET等表征手段来分析所得铈锆氧化物粉体的性质,将制得的粉体涂覆在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体上作为涂层,担载一定量的贵金属Pt作为活性组分制得整体催化剂,并在低温水汽变换反应上考察它们的催化性能.分析结果表明3种方法都得到了单相的铈锆固溶体;微乳法制得的纳米级铈锆固溶体粒径分布均匀、平均粒径尺寸为6 nm;所得纳米级铈锆复合氧化物的比表面积大小为微乳法＞均相沉淀法＞共沉淀法.实验结果表明用微乳法制得的铈锆复合氧化物的催化性能要优于其他两种方法.     

Effect of Ultrasonic‐assisted Preparation Methods on Structure,Morphology and Optical Properties of Nanosized Cupric Oxide

Cupric oxide is a p‐type semiconductor with a narrow band‐gap which is suitable for catalysis, electrochemical cells, field emission devices and gas sensor applications. Despite considerable efforts devoted to the preparation of the nanosized CuO, there is a lack of information about ultrasonic‐assisted (US) preparation methods. Nanosized cupric oxide was successfully prepared through different ultrasonic‐assisted (US) preparation methods. Furthermore, the influence of preparation method on the structure, morphology and optical properties of nanosized CuO has been reported. XRD patterns were identical to the single‐phase pure CuO with a monoclinic structure. The enhancement of the crystallinity and crystallite size was observed for the sample prepared through the US thermal decomposition. The absorption band of CuO nanocrystals prepared through the US liquid hydrolysis shows a clear red shift of about 40 nm compared to those obtained with other preparation methods. Our results indicated that almost spherical CuO nanoparticles with an average size of 65 nm were prepared during the US thermal decomposition, while CuO rod‐like nanostructures with an average diameter of about 16 nm were obtained via the US liquid hydrolysis method. The band gap values of nanosized CuO samples were larger than the reported value for the bulk CuO. Synthesized CuO samples by US methods with adjustable and controllable properties make the applicability of cupric oxide even more versatile.     

纳米级Fe-P-O(FePO4)催化剂的制备与表征

采用微波辅助均相沉淀法成功制备了粒径约为１４ｎｍ,比表面积高达１５０ｍ＾２／ｇ的纳米Ｆｅ－Ｐ－Ｏ催化剂,并用ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ等技术对其制备过程进行了考察。初步的催化研究表明,其对乳酸选择氧化生成丙酮酸的催化活性明显优于通常方法制备的大颗粒Ｆｅ－Ｐ－Ｏ催化剂。     

Sensing and photocatalytic properties of nanosized Cu(I)CN organotin supramolecular coordination polymer based on pyrazine

Orange prismatic crystals of the supramolecular coordination polymer (SCP) _∞³[Cu(CN)₂(Me₃Sn)(Pyz)], SCP 1 , were synthesized using a self‐assembly method under ambient conditions. Nanosized 1 was obtained using the same molar ratio in water by ultrasonic irradiation. SCP 1 was characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. SCP 1 and its nanosized 1 particles were also examined using powder X‐ay diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The luminescence emission of SCP 1 was studied as well as its use as a sensor for the detection of common organic solvents and metal ions. Also, the catalytic activities of nanosized 1 towards various organic dyes were investigated under ambient conditions, UV irradiation and ultrasonic irradiation. Nanosized 1 as a heterogeneous nanoparticle catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity for the degradation of eosin‐Y and acid blue dyes. The mechanism of degradation investigated using various scavenger techniques is proposed and discussed. The catalytic oxidation process is mainly caused by ?OH radicals.     

矿物药炉甘石成分分析及其纳米形态的抑菌活性研究

用差示热重等方法分析了矿物中药炉甘石的成分,合成纳米碱式碳酸锌和纳米氧化锌,制备了纳米炉甘石.用激光粒度分析仪测定了炉甘石及其成分的粒径分布,用透射电镜观察纳米氧化锌的形貌.采用杯碟法,以四环素为对照品,测试纳米炉甘石及其成分的抑菌活性.结果显示,氧化锌的含量与粒径大小决定了炉甘石的抑菌活性,纳米炉甘石抑菌活性显著提高.     

Solvent-free preparation of nanosized sulfated zirconia with Brønsted acidic sites from a simple calcination

Nanosized sulfated zirconia with Br?nsted acidic sites has been prepared by a simple calcination in the absence of any solvent. XRD patterns reveal that the sulfated zirconia mainly consists of tetragonal crystalline zirconia with average size of about 7 nm, which is further confirmed by TEM images. N2 adsorption data show that the nanosized sulfated zirconia has high surface area (165-193 m2/g) and exhibits uniform pore distribution aggregated by zirconia nanoparticles. IR spectra of samples show that the sulfur species in the nanosized sulfated zirconia is a little different from that in conventional sulfated zirconia. Furthermore, IR spectra of adsorbed pyridine indicate that the nanosized sulfated zirconia contains relatively more Br?nsted acidic sites than conventional sulfated zirconia. Catalytic tests show that the nanosized sulfated zirconia exhibits much higher activity than conventional sulfated zirconia in catalytic esterification of cyclohexanol with acetic acid.     

紫外光照射下丙炔光催化水解反应的研究 Ⅰ．纳米二氧化钛光催化剂的性能

 采用5种不同的纳米二氧化钛为光催化剂,考察了它们在丙炔水解反应中的光催化活性,并用X射线衍射和漫反射紫外－可见吸收光谱技术进行了表征．研究了催化剂表面物理化学性质与在丙炔光催化水解反应中的构效关系．实验结果表明,纳米二氧化钛光催化剂能够引发丙炔的光催化水解反应,生成乙烷和乙烯等产物;锐钛矿相纳米二氧化钛具有较高的光催化活性,在晶型相同的情况下,影响光催化活性的主要因素是催化剂的粒径和比表面积．     

聚合物在纳米半导体材料中的应用

半导体纳米材料在光、电、磁、催化等方面具有不同于本体的一系列特性。在纳米材料及其器件制备中，聚合物有着重要的应用。它不仅可以有效地稳定纳米晶粒尺寸，而且可以钝化表面，增强纳米微粒的发生效果。而纳米半导体对光导聚合物的光电行性也有增强作用。将电致发光聚合物与纳米半导体微粒组合而成双层异质结FL器件，可提高器件效率和寿命，甚至可以构成光导与电致发光双功能器件。     

非晶态配合物法制备钙钛矿型纳米粉体催化剂及其CO催化氧化性能

运用非晶态配合物法合成了LaCoO3,La0.9Sr0.1CoO3,LaCo0.3Mn0.7O3和 La2CuO4钙钛矿型纳米粉体催化剂，研究了其CO催化化活性及SO2中毒性能，初步推 断了中毒机理。结果表明用该方法可以在较低下合成具有纯钙钛矿结构的纳米粉体 催化剂，该催化剂具有很好的CO催化化活性，其中LaCoO3系列的催化活性优于 La2CuO4，所有催化剂经SO2中毒后催化活性均有所下降。研究表明钙钛矿结构的破 坏是硫中毒失活的主要原因。     

Tb(DBM)3phen/APTES-SBA-15介孔复合体系的制备与表征

以三嵌段化合物P123为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为无机硅源合成了有序介孔分子筛SBA-15. 选择Tb(DBM)₃phen为客体, 纳米级介孔分子筛为主体, 在氯仿中进行分子组装, 制备具有强发光性能的超分子纳米复合材料Tb(DBM)₃phen/APTES-SBA-15. 采用XRD, HRTEM, N₂吸附/脱附, FTIR和荧光光谱分析等对复合材料的结构与性能进行了研究.     

Aromatization over nanosized Ga-containing ZSM-5 zeolites prepared by different methods: Effect of acidity of active Ga species on the catalytic performance

Nanosized Ga-containing ZSM-5 zeolites were prepared via isomorphous substitution and impregnation followed by characterized using various techniques. The catalytic performance of the zeolites for the aromatization of 1-hexene was investigated. The results indicate that isomorphous substitution promotes the incorporation of Ga heteroatoms into the framework along with the formation of extra-framework GaO⁺ species ([GaO⁺]^a) that have stronger interactions with the negative potential of the framework. In addition, based on the Py-IR results and catalytic performance, the [GaO⁺]^a species with stronger Lewis acid sites produced a better synergism with moderate Brønsted acid sites and thus improved the selectivity to aromatic compounds. However, the impregnation results in the formation of Ga₂O₃ phase and small amounts of GaO⁺ species that are mainly located on the external surface ([GaO⁺]^b), which contribute to weaker Lewis acid sites due to weaker interactions with the zeolite framework. During 1-hexene aromatization, the nanosized Ga isomorphously substituted ZSM-5 zeolite samples (Gax-NZ5) exhibited better catalytic performance compared to the impregnated samples, and the highest aromatic yield (i.e., 65.4 wt%) was achieved over the Ga4.2-NZ5 sample, which contained with the highest Ga content.