铁磁性过渡离子掺杂对纤锌矿相硫化锌电子结构的影响

通过第一性原理计算,优化了铁磁性过渡离子掺杂的纤锌矿相硫化锌Fm0.125Zn0.875S(Fm=Fe、Co、Ni)的几何结构,计算了其电子结构,分析了其半金属性及其微观机制。结果表明:对不同的铁磁性杂质离子,Fm0.125Zn0.875S在费米面处的自旋极化率均为-100%,具有半金属性,是潜在的优质自旋注入材料。Fm0.125Zn0.875S具有较宽的自旋带隙,从而具有较高的居里温度和广泛的应用前景。Fe0.125Zn0.875S、Co0.125Zn0.875S和Ni0.125Zn0.875S的2×2×1超胞的磁矩分别为3.96μB、2.90μB和2.00μB,主要来自于铁磁性过渡离子Fe、Co和Ni离子。这3种离子的电子结构分别为eg2↑eg1↓t2g3↑,eg2↑eg2↓t2g3↑和eg2↑eg2↓t2g3↑t2g1↓。     

过渡金属掺杂SnO2的电子结构与磁性

采用密度泛函理论及赝势平面波方法, 对未掺杂SnO2以及过渡金属V、Cr、Mn掺杂SnO2的超原胞体系进行了几何优化, 计算了晶格常数、电子结构与磁学性质. 结果表明, 6.25%与12.5%两种掺杂浓度时, 体系的电子自旋和磁学性质没有发生很大的变化; 相对于未掺杂SnO2, 过渡金属掺杂后SnO2中O原子有向过渡金属移动的趋势, 并使得O与掺杂金属之间键长变短; 在V和Cr掺杂后, SnO2具有半金属性质, 而Mn掺杂SnO2没有发现上述性质. 6.25%与12.5%的杂质浓度对自旋和磁矩影响不大, 掺杂产生的磁矩主要来自于过渡金属3d电子态, 且磁矩的大小与过渡金属的电子排布有关. V、Cr、Mn掺杂SnO2后的总磁矩分别为0.94μB、2.02μB、3.00μB. 磁矩主要来源于过渡金属3d轨道的自旋极化, 当O原子出现负磁矩的时候, 还有很小一部分磁矩来源于临近过渡金属的Sn原子.     

过渡金属掺杂SnO_2的电子结构与磁性

采用密度泛函理论及赝势平面波方法,对未掺杂SnO_2以及过渡金属V、Cr、Mn掺杂SnO_2的超原胞体系进行了几何优化,计算了晶格常数、电子结构与磁学性质.结果表明,6.25%与12.5%两种掺杂浓度时,体系的电子自旋和磁学性质没有发生很大的变化;相对于未掺杂SnO_2,过渡金属掺杂后SnO_2中O原子有向过渡金属移动的趋势,并使得O与掺杂金属之间键长变短;在V和Cr掺杂后,SnO_2具有半金属性质,而Mn掺杂SnO_2没有发现上述性质.6.25%与12.5%的杂质浓度对自旋和磁矩影响不大,掺杂产生的磁矩主要来自于过渡金属3d电子态,且磁矩的大小与过渡金属的电子排布有关.V、Cr、Mn掺杂SnO_2后的总磁矩分别为0.94μ_B、2.0μ_B、3.00μ_B.磁矩主要来源于过渡金属3d轨道的自旋极化,当O原子出现负磁矩的时候,还有很小一部分磁矩来源于临近过渡金属的Sn原子.     

过渡元素掺杂Fe_3O_4(001)表面磁电性能的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算Fe_3O_4,Fe_3O_4(001)表面以及过渡元素掺杂表面的电子结构和磁性。结果表明Fe_3O_4的半金属性主要来源于B位Fe离子,并且Fe的3d轨道发生强烈自旋极化;比较(001)表面不同终端A和B终端的表面能和电子结构,得出两种终端稳定性存在差异且A终端较稳定同时表现半金属性;由过渡元素V、Cr、Mn、Co、Cu和Zn取代Fe_3O_4(001)表面A终端A位Fe进行掺杂,形成的6种新表面结构都保持了半金属性。对比它们的表面能和磁矩,Mn掺杂的表面结构最稳定并且磁矩明显增大。     

新半金属材料CrFe2O4的电子结构

基于第一性原理, 优化了含Cr的高温相尖晶石结构材料(CrxFe1-x)A(CryFe2-y)BO4的几何结构, 并对它们的磁电性能进行了计算. 基于配位场理论分析了CrFe2O4的电子结构及其具有半金属性的微观机制. 计算表明, 仅当x=1.0、y=0.0时, (CrxFe1-x)A(CryFe2-y)BO4具有半金属性. CrFe2O4是典型的亚铁磁性耦合的IIB型半金属, 其分子磁矩约为5.6 μB, 大于Fe3O4的4.0 μB. 在CrFe2O4的四面体晶体场中, 中心离子的电子结构可近似写为Cr+t12g↑t32g↓; 八面体晶体场中, 中心离子的电子结构可近似写为Fe2+t32g↑e2g↑t12g↓. CrFe2O4具有半金属性的原因是在配合物ML4和ML6中, 中心离子与周围O配体间存在强烈的共价键作用, 该作用使中心离子与O配体间形成杂化轨道, 导致自旋向上子带被撕裂, 进一步使费米面正好处于自旋向上子带带隙中.     

过渡元素掺杂Fe3O4（001）表面磁电性能的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算Fe₃O₄,Fe₃O₄（001）表面以及过渡元素掺杂表面的电子结构和磁性。结果表明Fe₃O₄的半金属性主要来源于B位Fe离子,并且Fe的3d轨道发生强烈自旋极化;比较（001）表面不同终端A和B终端的表面能和电子结构,得出两种终端稳定性存在差异且A终端较稳定同时表现半金属性;由过渡元素V、Cr、Mn、Co、Cu和Zn取代Fe₃O₄（001）表面A终端A位Fe进行掺杂,形成的6种新表面结构都保持了半金属性。对比它们的表面能和磁矩,Mn掺杂的表面结构最稳定并且磁矩明显增大。     

Cp_2M_2(μ-B_4N_4H_8)(M=V,Cr,Mn,Fe)金属多重键成键性质的理论研究

对金属多重键配合物Cp2M2(μ-B4N4H8)(M=V,Cr,Mn,Fe)的结构和成键进行了理论研究,并与Cp2M2(μ-C8H8)进行对比.计算结果表明,在Cp2M2(μ-B4N4H8)基态构型中,B4N4H8配体均以硼为桥原子,金属原子的配位数均为5.其中,Cp2M2(μ-B4N4H8)(M=V,Cr,Mn)基态的结构和成键都与Cp2M2(μ-C8H8)非常接近;而Cp2Fe2(μ-B4N4H8)基态结构与Fe为4配位的Cp2Fe2(μ-C8H8)有所不同.Cp2M2(μ-B4N4H8)(M=V,Cr,Mn,Fe)基态结构分别为含V-V三重键的三态、含Cr-Cr三重键的单态、含Mn-Mn双键的三态及含Fe-Fe单键的单态.     

钾修饰SiO2负载超低含量过渡金属催化剂上乙烷选择氧化反应

制备了一系列碱金属K修饰的S iO2负载的超低含量过渡金属(K∶M∶S i=10∶1∶1000,摩尔比,M=V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、N i、Cu和Zn)催化剂,考察了该系列催化剂对乙烷分子氧选择氧化生成醛类含氧化合物的反应性能.引入钾促进了S iO2负载的超低含量过渡金属催化剂上乙烷选择氧化生成乙醛和丙烯醛.钾修饰的S iO2负载超低含量过渡金属催化剂上,相对稳定的全充满、半充满或无d电子的表面离子有利于乙烷选择氧化反应进行,而存在多种价态的相对不稳定的离子结构有利于乙烷深度氧化的进行.     

过渡金属元素Sc、Cr和Mn对Mg2Ge掺杂的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算,研究了过渡金属元素Sc、Cr和Mn掺杂对Mg₂Ge晶体光、电、磁性质的影响。结果表明,Sc掺杂能使Mg₂Ge的费米能级进入导带,呈n型简并半导体;Cr和Mn掺杂能使Mg₂Ge能带结构和态密度在费米能级附近产生自旋劈裂而形成净磁矩,表现为半金属磁体和稀磁半导体,体系净磁矩均来自杂质原子3d轨道电子及其诱导极化的Ge4p态和Mg2p态自旋电子。与本征Mg₂Ge相比,掺杂体系静态介电常数增大,扩展了吸收光谱,提升了近红外光波段吸收能力。     

新半金属材料CrFe2O4的电子结构

基于第一性原理,优化了含Cr的高温相尖晶石结构材料(CrxFe1-x)A(CryFe2-y)BO4 的几何结构,并对它们的磁电性能进行了计算.基十配位场理论分析了 CrFe2O4) 的电子结构及其具有半金属性的微观机制.计算表明,仅当x=1.0、y=0.0 时,(CrxFe1-x)A (CrvFe2-y)BO4具有半金属性.CrFe2O4 是典型的亚铁磁性耦合的IIB 监理工程型半金属,其分子磁矩约为5.6μB,大于Fe3O4 的4.0μB.在CrFe2O4 的四面体晶体场中,中心离子的电子结构可近似写为Cr+t12gt32g↓; 八面体晶体场中,中心离子的电子结构可近似写为 Fe2+t32g↓e2e↓t12g↓.CrFe2O4具有半金属性的原因是在配合物 ML4和 ML6 中,中心离子与周围 O 配体间存在强烈的共价键作用,该作用使中心离子与 O 配体间形成杂化轨道,导致自旋向上子带被撕裂,进一步使费米面止好处于自旋向上子带带隙中.     

Electronic and magnetic properties of substituted BN sheets: a density functional theory study

Using density functional calculations, we investigate the geometries, electronic structures and magnetic properties of hexagonal BN sheets with 3d transition metal (TM) and nonmetal atoms embedded in three types of vacancies: V(B), V(N), and V(B+N). We show that some embedded configurations, except TM atoms in V(N) vacancy, are stable in BN sheets and yield interesting phenomena. For instance, the band gaps and magnetic moments of BN sheets can be tuned depending on the embedded dopant species and vacancy type. In particular, embedment such as Cr in V(B+N), Co in V(B), and Ni in V(B) leads to half-metallic BN sheets interesting for spin filter applications. From the investigation of Mn-chain (C(Mn)) embedments, a regular 1D structure can be formed in BN sheets as an electron waveguide, a metal nanometre wire with a single atom thickness.     

Periodic table of 3d-metal dimers and their ions

The ground states of the mixed 3d-metal dimers TiV, TiCr, TiMn, TiFe, TiCo, TiNi, TiCu, TiZn, VCr, VMn, VFe, VCo, VNi, VCu, VZn, CrMn, CrFe, CrCo, CrNi, CrCu, CrZn, MnFe, MnCo, MnNi, MnCu, MnZn, FeCo, FeNi, FeCu, FeZn, CoNi, CoCu, CoZn, NiCu, NiZn, and CuZn along with their singly negatively and positively charged ions are assigned based on the results of computations using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation functional. Except for TiCo and CrMn, our assignment agrees with experiment. Computed spectroscopic constants (r(e),omega(e),D(o)) are in fair agreement with experiment. The ground-state spin multiplicities of all the ions are found to differ from the spin multiplicities of the corresponding neutral parents by +/-1. Except for TiV, MnFe, and MnCu, the number of unpaired electrons, N, in a neutral ground-state dimer is either N(1)+N(2) or mid R:N(1)-N(2)mid R:, where N(1) and N(2) are the numbers of unpaired 3d electrons in the 3d(n)4s(1) occupation of the constituent atoms. Combining the present and previous results obtained at the same level of theory for homonuclear 3d-metal and ScX (X=Ti-Zn) dimers allows one to construct "periodic" tables of all 3d-metal dimers along with their singly charged ions.     

One-dimensional transition metal-benzene sandwich polymers: possible ideal conductors for spin transport

We investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of the proposed one-dimensional transition metal (TM = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn) -benzene (Bz) sandwich polymers by means of density functional calculations. [V(Bz)](infinity) is found to be a quasi-half-metallic ferromagnet, and half-metallic ferromagnetism is predicted for [Mn(Bz)](infinity). Moreover, we show that stretching the [TM(Bz)](infinity) polymers could have dramatic effects on their electronic and magnetic properties. The elongated [V(Bz)](infinity) displays half-metallic behavior, and [Mn(Bz)](infinity) stretched to a certain degree becomes an antiferromagnetic insulator. The possibilities to stabilize the ferromagnetic order in [V(Bz)](infinity) and [Mn(Bz)](infinity) polymers at finite temperatures are discussed. We suggest that the hexagonal bundles composed by these polymers might display intrachain ferromagnetic order at finite temperatures by introducing interchain exchange coupling.     

基于第一性原理的Mn-AlN和Cr-AlN的半金属性质

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理方法,在广义梯度近似(GGA)下研究了纤锌矿Mn-AlN和Cr-AlN的能带结构、态密度与磁学等性质.结果表明,Mn-AlN和Cr-AlN的半金属能隙都随着杂质浓度的增大而减小.原因可能是随着Mn/Cr掺杂浓度的增大,杂质原子间相互作用增强,Mn/Cr 3d与N 2p杂化减弱,使得自旋交换劈裂变小,从而半金属能隙变窄.在同等掺杂浓度下,Mn-AlN比Cr-AlN的半金属能隙大.这是因为Mn 3d态能级比Cr 3d态能级低,Mn 3d与N 2p杂化更强,导致自旋交换劈裂更大,自旋向下子带的导带底相对远离费米能级,因此Mn-AlN的半金属能隙较大.     

Magnetic and electronic properties of CaCu3Cr4O12 and CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12 by first-principles density functional calculation

The electronic and magnetic properties of CaCu3Cr4O12 and CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12 are investigated by the use of the full-potential linearized augumented plane wave (FPLAPW) method. The calculated results indicate that CaCu3Cr4O12 is a ferrimagnetic and half-metallic compound, in good agreement with previous theoretical studies. CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12 is a ferrimagnetic semiconductor with a small gap of 0.136 eV. In both compounds, because Cr4+ 3d (d2) and Cr3+ 3d (d3) orbitals are less than half filled, the coupling between Cr-Cu is antiferromagnetic, whereas that between Cu-Cu and Cr-Cr is ferromagnetic. The total net spin moment is 5.0 and 3.0 microB for CaCu3Cr4O12 and CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12, respectively. In CaCu3Cr4O12, the 3d electrons of Cr4+ are delocalized, which strengthens the Cr-Cr ferromagnetic coupling. For CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12, the doping of nonmagnetic ion Sb5+ reduces the Cr-Cr ferromagnetic coupling, and the half-filled Cr3+ t2g (t2g3) makes the chromium 3d electrons localized. In addition, the ordering arrangement of the octahedral chromium and antimony ions also prevents the delocalization of electrons. Hence, CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12 shows insulating behavior, in agreement with the experimental observation.     

Mg(OH)_2共沉淀和直接稀释联用ICP-MS法准确测定海水中的多种常量-微量元素

对海水中多种常量/微量元素分别用Mg(OH)_2共沉淀和直接稀释ICP-MS法进行方法比较研究,分别确定了这些元素适宜的准确分析方法,为海水中常量/微量元素的ICP-MS测定提供了实用的检测手段。结果表明,Mg(OH)_2共沉淀法能够实现对V,Cr,Mn,Co,Cd及稀土元素(La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)等19种微量元素的分离富集和准确测定;10倍直接稀释法能够同时准确测定海水中B,Sr,Li,Rb,I,V,Cr,As,Cd,U,Mo,Cu,Mn 13种微量元素,但不适合Zn,Ni,Co和Pb,以及稀土元素等在海水中浓度过低元素的测定;两种方法对适宜测定的元素均操作简便快速,具有较高的准确度和精密度。这两种方法联用,就可用约50 mL的海水实现大洋和近海海水中Co,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu(这15个元素采用Mg(OH)_2共沉淀法)及B,Sr,Li,Rb,I,V,Cr,As,Cd,U,Mo,Cu,Mn(这13个元素采用10倍直接稀释法)等28种元素的准确测定。     

正极材料LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xCrxO2的低温燃烧合成

以LiNO3、Ni(NO3)2.6H2O、50%Mn(NO3)2溶液、Cr(NO3)3.9H2O和尿素为原料,采用低温燃烧法合成了LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xCrxO2,研究了回火温度、回火时间、锂过量和掺铬量对正极材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明,采用低温燃烧法合成LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xCrxO2的优化条件为:回火温度850℃、回火时间16h、锂过量15%,适宜掺铬量x=0.02。在优化条件下合成的正极材料具有α-NaFeO2型层状结构、球状形貌和良好的电化学性能,以0.1C速率在2.5～4.6V之间充放电,首次放电容量为179.9mAh/g,第50次循环放电容量仍保有171.0mAh/g,容量保持率达到95.1%。     

Multireversible redox processes in pentanuclear bis(triple-helical) manganese complexes featuring an oxo-centered triangular {Mn(II)2Mn(III)(μ3-O)}5+ or {Mn(II)Mn(III)2(μ3-O)}6+ core wrapped by two {Mn(II)2(bpp)3}-

A new pentanuclear bis(triple-helical) manganese complex has been isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction in two oxidation states: [{Mn(II)(μ-bpp)(3)}(2)Mn(II)(2)Mn(III)(μ-O)](3+) (1(3+)) and [{Mn(II)(μ-bpp)(3)}(2)Mn(II)Mn(III)(2)(μ-O)](4+) (1(4+)). The structure consists of a central {Mn(3)(μ(3)-O)} core of Mn(II)(2)Mn(III) (1(3+)) or Mn(II)Mn(III)(2) ions (1(4+)) which is connected to two apical Mn(II) ions through six bpp(-) ligands. Both cations have a triple-stranded helicate configuration, and a pair of enantiomers is present in each crystal. The redox properties of 1(3+) have been investigated in CH(3)CN. A series of five distinct and reversible one-electron waves is observed in the -1.0 and +1.50 V potential range, assigned to the Mn(II)(4)Mn(III)/Mn(II)(5), Mn(II)(3)Mn(III)(2)/Mn(II)(4)Mn(III), Mn(II)(2)Mn(III)(3)/Mn(II)(3)Mn(III)(2), Mn(II)Mn(III)(4)/Mn(II)(2)Mn(III)(3), and Mn(III)(5)/Mn(II)Mn(III)(4) redox couples. The two first oxidation processes leading to Mn(II)(3)Mn(III)(2) (1(4+)) and Mn(II)(2)Mn(III)(3) (1(5+)) are related to the oxidation of the Mn(II) ions of the central core and the two higher oxidation waves, close in potential, are thus assigned to the oxidation of the two apical Mn(II) ions. The 1(4+) and 1(5+) oxidized species and the reduced Mn(4)(II) (1(2+)) species are quantitatively generated by bulk electrolyses demonstrating the high stability of the pentanuclear structure in four oxidation states (1(2+) to 1(5+)). The spectroscopic characteristics (X-band electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR, and UV-visible) of these species are also described as well as the magnetic properties of 1(3+) and 1(4+) in solid state. The powder X- and Q-band EPR signature of 1(3+) corresponds to an S = 5/2 spin state characterized by a small zero-field splitting parameter (|D| = 0.071 cm(-1)) attributed to the two apical Mn(II) ions. At 40 K, the magnetic behavior is consistent for 1(3+) with two apical S = 5/2 {Mn(II)(bpp)(3)}(-) and one S = 2 noninteracting spins (11.75 cm(3) K mol(-1)), and for 1(4+) with three S = 5/2 noninteracting spins (13.125 cm(3) K mol(-1)) suggesting that the {Mn(II)(2)Mn(III)(μ(3)-O)}(5+) and {Mn(II)Mn(III)(2)(μ(3)-O)}(6+) cores behave at low temperature like S = 2 and S = 5/2 spin centers, respectively. The thermal behavior below 40 K highlights the presence of intracomplex magnetic interactions between the two apical spins and the central core, which is antiferromagnetic for 1(3+) leading to an S(T) = 3 and ferromagnetic for 1(4+) giving thus an S(T) = 15/2 ground state.