Pt-Rh/CeZrYLa+LaAl催化剂用于理论空燃比天然气汽车尾气净化

采用共沉淀法制备了CeZrYLa+LaAl纳米复合载体,以三种方法制备了一系列Pt-Rh/CeZrYLa+LaAl催化剂.对所制样品进行了N2吸附-脱附、粉末X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和H2程序升温还原的表征.并考察了三种方法所制得催化剂的理论空燃比天然气汽车尾气净化性能.结果表明,三个催化剂的活性顺序为Cat3≈ Cat2> Cat1,其中Cat3具有最低的CO和NO起燃温度(T50),分别为114oC和149 oC,最低的CH4和CO完全转化温度(T90),分别为398 oC和179 oC,以及最佳的CH4和CO温度特性,ΔT (T90–T50)值分别为34 oC和65 oC. Cat2具有最低的CH4起燃温度(342°C)和最低的NO完全转化温度(174°C). Cat1具有最差的转化活性,说明物理混合法制备的催化剂(Cat3和Cat2)性能优于共浸渍法制备的催化剂(Cat1).这是由于物理混合法制备的催化剂, Pt和Rh均匀分散在载体表面,两者物理接触共同参与CH4/CO/NO三种污染物的转化.相反,共浸渍法制备的催化剂, Pt和Rh之间存在较强的相互作用,改变了Pt的电子状态,而且形成了表面Pt富集的Pt-Rh双金属颗粒覆盖了Rh活性位,从而降低催化活性;同时,对于通过物理混合法并进一步添加助剂所制备的Cat3, XRD结果显示助剂Zr4+进入了铈锆固溶体晶格,产生晶格缺陷; XPS结果显示Cat3具有最高的Ce3+/Ce比例.这些都有利于提高催化剂的氧流动性,从而提高催化剂活性并拓宽空燃比窗口.     

Pt-Rh/CeZrYLa+LaAl催化剂用于理论空燃比天然气汽车尾气净化（英文）

采用共沉淀法制备了Ce Zr YLa+La Al纳米复合载体,以三种方法制备了一系列Pt-Rh/Ce Zr YLa+La Al催化剂.对所制样品进行了N2吸附-脱附、粉末X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和H2程序升温还原的表征.并考察了三种方法所制得催化剂的理论空燃比天然气汽车尾气净化性能.结果表明,三个催化剂的活性顺序为Cat3≈Cat2Cat1,其中Cat3具有最低的CO和NO起燃温度(T50),分别为114 oC和149 oC,最低的CH4和CO完全转化温度(T90),分别为398 oC和179 oC,以及最佳的CH4和CO温度特性,ΔT(T90–T50)值分别为34 oC和65 oC.Cat2具有最低的CH4起燃温度(342°C)和最低的NO完全转化温度(174°C).Cat1具有最差的转化活性,说明物理混合法制备的催化剂(Cat3和Cat2)性能优于共浸渍法制备的催化剂(Cat1).这是由于物理混合法制备的催化剂,Pt和Rh均匀分散在载体表面,两者物理接触共同参与CH4/CO/NO三种污染物的转化.相反,共浸渍法制备的催化剂,Pt和Rh之间存在较强的相互作用,改变了Pt的电子状态,而且形成了表面Pt富集的Pt-Rh双金属颗粒覆盖了Rh活性位,从而降低催化活性;同时,对于通过物理混合法并进一步添加助剂所制备的Cat3,XRD结果显示助剂Zr4+进入了铈锆固溶体晶格,产生晶格缺陷;XPS结果显示Cat3具有最高的Ce3+/Ce比例.这些都有利于提高催化剂的氧流动性,从而提高催化剂活性并拓宽空燃比窗口.     

性能优异的Rh改性的Pd/Al2O3密偶催化剂

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Pd/Al2O3和Rh-Pd/Al2O3密偶催化剂,运用H2程序升温还原、CO化学吸附和X射线光电子能谱等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了催化剂对丙烷总包反应和单反应的转化活性.总包反应结果表明, Rh的添加使起燃温度和完全转化温度分别降低了23和18oC.单反应结果证明,添加Rh能提高各单反应丙烷的转化活性,尤其是有NO参与的反应.表征结果证明,掺杂Rh不仅可以抑制活性组分PdOx的烧结,提高PdOx的分散度,而且可以改变其电子状态.     

性能优异的Rh改性的Pd/Al2O3密偶催化剂

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Pd/Al2O3和Rh-Pd/Al2O3密偶催化剂,运用H2程序升温还原、CO化学吸附和X射线光电子能谱等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了催化剂对丙烷总包反应和单反应的转化活性.总包反应结果表明, Rh的添加使起燃温度和完全转化温度分别降低了23和18oC.单反应结果证明,添加Rh能提高各单反应丙烷的转化活性,尤其是有NO参与的反应.表征结果证明,掺杂Rh不仅可以抑制活性组分PdOx的烧结,提高PdOx的分散度,而且可以改变其电子状态.     

富氧条件下贵金属催化剂上丙烯选择性还原NO研究

用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备了以γ-Al₂O₃为载体,以Pt,Pd和Rh等为活性组分的单组分及双组分催化剂,在稀燃汽油机条件下评价了丙烯对NO的选择性催化还原活性.结果表明,在单组分催化剂中,催化剂的活性及顺序为Rh(73%)>Pt(65%)>Pd(47%),最高活性对应的温度分别为Pt(225℃),Pd(275℃)和Rh(375℃),N₂选择性顺序为Rh,Pd(>80%)>Pt(48%),氧化性顺序为Pt>Rh>Pd.Sol-gel制备的双组分催化剂中的不同贵金属活性位具有一定的协同效应,可明显拓宽活性温度范围,其中以Pt-Rh组合活性最好.Rh/Al₂O₃和Pt/Al₂O₃两种催化剂分层有序填装时,可提高C₃H₆的利用率,在200～450℃范围内,可有效地催化净化NO.     

具有低SO_2氧化活性的Pt/Zr_xTi_(1-x)O_2柴油车氧化催化剂的制备及性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列ZrxTi1-xO2(x=0.0,0.1,0.5,0.9,1.0)复合氧化物,并以此为载体,用等孔体积浸渍H2PtCl6制得Pt/ZrxTi1-xO2柴油车氧化催化剂.运用N2吸附-脱附,X射线多晶粉末衍射,X射线光电子能谱,H2程序升温还原和NH3程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在系列催化剂样品中,Zr0.1Ti0.9O2复合氧化物主要以锐钛矿形式存在,具有较好的织构性能,样品的比表面积达94m2/g,孔体积为0.33cm3/g.相应地,Pt/Zr0.1Ti0.9O2催化剂表现出优异的催化氧化性能,HC和CO的起燃温度(T50)分别为185和174oC,完全转化温度(T90)分别为197和201oC;且具有较低的SO2氧化活性,350oC时SO2仅转化25.5%.     

Cr对In/WO3/ZrO2催化剂上甲烷选择性催化还原NO的促进作用

分别采用浸渍法和机械混合法制备了Cr改性的In/WO3/zrO2(In/WZr)催化剂,考察了改性前后催化剂的CH4选择性催化还原NO的活性.结果表明,将Cr2O3与In/WZr机械混合可显著提高In/WZr催化剂活性,Cr的加入促进了气相中NO向NO2的转化.而浸渍法制备的Cr/InAVZr催化剂活性远低于改性前的In/WZr催化剂,这是由于在制备过程中部分Cr2O3转化为CrO3,使其氧化性大大提高,从而将CH4完全氧化为CO2和H2O,不利于将CH4活化为反应所需的中间活性物种.     

高性能汽车尾气净化催化剂的制备

 采用浸渍法制备了Pt/γ-Al2O3和Rh/CeO2-ZrO2-Y2O3,然后将两者按一定的比例混合制江涂覆在蜂窝载体上制得整体式催化剂,用汽车尾气模拟气对催化剂的性能进行了评价. 结果表明,Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂中引入Rh/CeO2-ZrO2-Y2O3组分后极大地提高了催化剂的低温活性和热稳定性,催化剂的起燃温度仅为240 ℃; 在900 ℃水热老化后,催化剂的起燃温度仅升高约20%. 这说明Pt/γ-Al2O3与Rh/CeO2-ZrO2-Y2O3之间存在一定的协同效应.     

整体式Pt基催化剂上CH4选择性催化还原NO的研究

以La-Al2O3(La稳定的γ-Al2O3)、Ce0.63Zr0.37O2(OSM1)及Ce0.5Zr0.3Mn0.2O2(OSM2)为载体, Pt为活性组分, 制备了Pt质量分数为1%的整体式催化剂. 研究了不同载体负载的催化剂对CH4选择催化还原NO反应的性能, 并利用XRD、H2-TPR和XPS对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Pt/OSM1和Pt/OSM2催化剂在氧含量为0.8%时对CH4催化还原NO具有优异的净化性能, Pt/OSM1催化剂上500 ℃时, CH4和NO均达到100%转化; Pt/OSM2催化剂上500 ℃时, CH4和NO的转化率分别达到73%和100%; 而 Pt/ La-Al2O3催化剂只在O2含量较低时(0.4%以下)具有较好活性, 500 ℃以上才可使CH4和NO完全转化. H2-TPR结果表明, Pt与OSM1和OSM2存在的相互作用导致低温还原物相生成. Pt与OSM的相互作用及OSM的储氧性能使催化剂在过量氧存在下对CH4催化还原NO具有优异性能.     

以Nd改性CeO2-ZrO2固溶体助剂的研究

 用两种方法在贵金属三效催化剂的主要助剂CeO2－ZrO2固溶体中掺杂Nd进行改性,以提高催化剂的活性和热稳定性．方法1是采用硝酸钕溶胶浸渍CeO2－ZrO2固溶体的新方法,试图在固溶体粉体外层分别附上含Nd的物质．方法2为用改进的溶胶－凝胶法制备出均一相的含Ce,Zr和Nd的三组分超细固溶体．测定了样品的比表面积和储氧量,并对部分样品进行了XRD和H2－TPR表征．结果表明,用方法1制备的复合相超细粒子的热稳定性优于用方法2制备的均一相超细固溶体,且当Nd含量为7％时,储氧量最高、热稳定性最佳．将经方法1改性过的以及未经Nd改性的CeO2－ZrO2固溶体,分别用机械混合的方法加入γ－Al2O3粉体制成催化剂前体,并进一步制成含低含量Pt,Pd和Rh的贵金属催化剂．活性测试结果表明,对于新鲜催化剂,经Nd改性后CO,C3H6和NO起燃温度下降20～30℃．经850℃老化2h后,和未掺杂Nd的催化剂的起燃温度相比,NO的起燃温度稍有下降,C3H6的起燃温度相差不大,而CO的起燃温度有所升高．     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.