药物包载对两亲嵌段共聚物胶束形态的影响

以聚(ε-己内酯-b-L-丙交酯)/聚乙二醇单甲醚(P(CL-b-LLA)-b-mPEG)和聚(ε-己内酯-b-D,L-丙交酯)/聚乙二醇单甲醚(P(CL-b-DLLA)-b-mPEG)两种两亲嵌段共聚物为载体,选择了物理状态完全不同、而疏水性相近的吲哚美辛和维生素E为模型药物,研究了药物包载对高分子胶束形态的影响.发现两种药物在高分子胶束内部的增溶均会导致胶束形态发生显著改变,变化行为与胶束内核的结晶性和药物疏水性有关.另外,还研究了两种嵌段共聚物的载药性能,发现非结晶性疏水内核共聚物的药物包载率明显大于可结晶疏水内核的共聚物.     

利用MALDI-TOF质谱技术研究MPEG-b-PCL两嵌段共聚物的嵌段长度及嵌段分布

利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)结合源后分解(PSD)技术对甲氧基封端的聚乙二醇-b-聚己内酯(MPEG-b-PCL)两嵌段共聚物进行了结构分析. 根据得到的MALDI-TOF MS谱图和PSD碎片信息清晰地确定了嵌段共聚物的嵌段长度和嵌段分布. 结果表明, 采用MALDI-TOF MS结合PSD技术研究这类嵌段共聚物链结构非常有效. 这为更好地认识和应用这类嵌段共聚物提供了重要的依据, 同时也建立了分析这类嵌段共聚物的方法.     

一种新型温度响应性聚氨基酸/聚类肽嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以正己胺为引发剂, 通过γ-炔丙基-L-谷氨酸羧酸酐(PLG-NCA)和N-正辛基甘氨酸羧酸酐(Oct-NNCA)逐步开环聚合和后修饰策略合成了分子量分布较窄的温度响应性两嵌段共聚物寡聚乙二醇单元修饰的聚(γ-炔丙基-L-谷氨酸)-b-聚(N-正辛基甘氨酸)[(PPLG-g-EG₃)-b-PNOG]. 通过示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了不同比例聚合物的结晶行为; 利用圆二色谱法(CD)研究了聚合物的二级结构, 并研究了聚合物在水溶液中的自组装行为, 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了组装后的形貌. 结果表明, 该温度响应性聚合物在室温下呈现α-螺旋结构, 随着温度升高, α-螺旋的构象减少. 该聚合物可以在水溶液中自发组装成棒状结构.     

含pH敏感聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)的嵌段共聚物成核胶束化过程的NMR研究

利用NMR技术研究了聚乙二醇-b-聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)(PEG114-b-P4VP107)和聚(N-异丙烯基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)(PNIPAM53-b-P4VP260)在逐步降低聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)链段质子化程度时嵌段共聚物的胶束化过程.在开始形成胶束时,吡啶环上氢原子的自旋-晶格弛豫时间(T1)急剧减小.结果表明,PEG114-b-P4VP107在质子化程度降为0.54时已有胶束生成;PNIPAM53-b-P4VP260在质子化程度降为0.58时也能观测到胶束生成的信号.将两个嵌段共聚物各自制得胶束的溶液相混合,观测到了发生在高分子链间的2DNOE信号,这表明所制得溶液中胶束与高分子链间有链交换的动态平衡.     

聚N-乙烯基己内酰胺及其共聚物的合成与应用

综述了聚N-乙烯基己内酰胺(PNVCL)及其共聚物的合成与用途研究现状,评述了不同聚合方法。指出了聚N-乙烯基己内酰胺系列聚合物在各个领域的应用前景及开发策略。     

N-乙烯基己内酰胺的活性/可控自由基聚合

聚(N-乙烯基己内酰胺)(PNVCL)是一种重要的温度响应性聚合物,其最低临界溶液温度(LCST)在生理温度范围内,而且PNVCL水解不会产生有毒的小分子胺,其单体价格便宜,因此PNVCL及其共聚物在生物医药领域具有潜在的应用价值和较好的工业化前景。活性/可控自由基聚合是合成PNVCL及其共聚物的重要手段。本文综述了N-乙烯基己内酰胺(NVCL)的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合和有机钴调控自由基聚合(CMRP)的研究进展。对配体、溶剂、引发剂对NVCL的ATRP的影响进行了讨论。概述了黄原酸酯、二硫代酸酯、二硫代氨基甲酸酯、三硫代酸酯链转移剂调控的NVCL的RAFT聚合。对单体加入顺序对合成基于PNVCL的嵌段共聚物的影响和活性/可控自由基聚合在合成拓扑结构高分子中的应用进行了介绍。最后对NVCL的活性/可控自由基聚合的发展方向进行了展望。     

温敏性Pluronic-b-poly((ε-caprolactone)-co-(6-(benzyl-oxycarbonylmethyl)-ε-caprolactone))的合成和性能研究

以聚乙二醇99-b-聚丙二醇69-b-聚乙二醇99(PEO99-b-PPO69-b-PEO99 Pluronic F127)为大分子引发剂,引发己内酯(CL)和6-乙酸苄酯-己内酯(BCL)开环聚合得到一系列不同BCL含量的两亲性嵌段共聚物Pluronic-b-poly((ε-caprolactone)-co-(6-(benzyl-oxycarbonylmethyl)-ε-caprolactone))(Pluronic-b-P(CL-co-BCL)).通过核磁共振,红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱确定共聚物的结构、组成和分子量及其分布.热重分析、X射线衍射和差示扫描量热法的结果表明,聚合物的热稳定性及结晶性均可通过调控共聚物中BCL的含量进行调控.通过乳化溶媒挥发法制备聚合物胶束,并用荧光光谱,扫描电镜和粒径分析仪研究聚合物胶束的形成,形态和大小,结果表明胶束呈现规整球形且分布较为均匀,均具有较小的临界胶束浓度且受聚合物中BCL比例的影响;由光散射的结果看出,随着BCL的引入,Pluronic-b-P(CL-co-BCL)胶束粒径呈现出可逆的温度敏感性变化.     

聚乙二醇甲醚-聚(D,L-乳酸)嵌段共聚物纳米胶束的制备

聚乙二醇甲醚-聚(D;L-乳酸)嵌段共聚物纳米胶束的制备;聚乙二醇单甲醚;两亲性二嵌段共聚物;纳米沉淀技术     

两亲三元壳寡糖衍生物的合成及其包合物的研究

本文报道了新型水溶性甲氧基聚乙二醇-b-聚己内酯两亲嵌段共聚物接枝壳寡糖(COS-g-PCL-b-MPEG)共聚物的合成, 研究了两亲三元COS衍生物的合成及在水溶液中α-CD与其的包合作用.     

两亲性嵌段共聚物复合胶束在高强聚焦超声下的释放响应行为

采用共溶剂法制备了聚氧乙烯-b-聚(芘甲基丙烯酸甲酯)两亲性嵌段共聚物胶束(ACM)和由ACM包覆疏水染料尼罗红的复合胶束(ACM-N).采用IR,扫描电镜(SEM),动态光散射仪(DLS)监测ACM-N中尼罗红在高强聚焦超声辐射下的释放响应行为.监测结果表明,超声辐射使共聚物的大部分酯键断裂,由两亲性变为单亲水性,胶束结构被破坏.     

Thermo/pH Dual Responsive Mixed‐Shell Polymeric Micelles Based on the Complementary Multiple Hydrogen Bonds for Drug Delivery

Thermo/pH dual responsive mixed‐shell polymeric micelles based on multiple hydrogen bonding were prepared by self‐assembly of diaminotriazine‐terminated poly(?‐caprolactone) (DAT‐PCL), uracil‐terminated methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG‐U), and uracil‐terminated poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL‐U) at room temperature. PCL acted as the core and MPEG/PNVCL as the mixed shell. Increasing the temperature, PNVCL collapsed and enclosed the PCL core, while MPEG penetrated through the PNVCL shell, thereby leading to the formation of MPEG channels on the micelles surface. The low cytotoxicity of the mixed micelles was confirmed by an MTT assay against BGC‐823 cells. Studies on the in vitro drug release showed that a much faster release rate was observed at pH 5.0 compared to physiological pH, owing to the dissociation of hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the mixed‐shell polymeric micelles would be very promising candidates in drug delivery systems.     

Precisely installing gold nanoparticles at the core/shell interface of micellar assemblies of triblock copolymers

Two reduction-cleavable ABA triblock copolymers possessing two disulfide linkages, PMMA-ss-PMEO₃MA-ss-PMMA and PDEA-ss-PEO-ss-PDEA were synthesized via facile substitution reactions from homopolymer precursors, where PMMA, PMEO₃MA, PDEA, and PEO represent poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(tri(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate, poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate), and poly(ethylene oxide), respectively. Spherical micelles were obtained through supramolecular self-assembly of these two triblock copolymers in aqueous solutions. The resultant micelles with abundant disulfide bonds could serve as soft templates and precisely accommodate gold nanoparticles in the core/shell interface as a result of the formation of Au-S bonds.     

Preparation of electrospun luminescent polyimide/europium nanofibers by simultaneous in situ sol-gel and imidization processes

Comicellization of a star block copolymer poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (S(PCL-b-PDEAEMA)) and a linear block copolymer methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-b-PCL) was developed to enhance the stability and lower the cytotoxicity of the micelles. The two copolymers self-assembled into the mixed micelles with a common PCL core surrounded by a mixed PDEAEMA/mPEG shell in aqueous solution. This core-shell structure was transformed to the core-shell-corona structure at high pH due to the collapse of the PDEAEMA segment. The properties of the polymeric micelles were greatly dependent on the weight ratio of the two copolymers and the external pH. As increasing the mPEG-b-PCL content, the size and the zeta potential of the mixed micelles were lowered while the pH-dependent stability and the biocompatibility were improved. Moreover, an increase in pH accelerated the release of indomethacin (IND) from the mixed micelles in vitro. These results augured that the mixed micelles could be applied as a stable pH-sensitive release system.     

聚苯乙烯微球负载脲催化剂与碱协同催化环内酯的开环聚合

通过环己基异氰酸酯和4-三氟甲基苯异氰酸酯分别与氨基化聚苯乙烯反应, 构筑了聚苯乙烯(PS)负载的环己基脲(PS-U₁)和聚苯乙烯负载的4-三氟甲基苯基脲催化剂(PS-U₂). 利用PS-U/KOMe二元催化体系协同催化环内酯的开环聚合. 结果表明, PS-U/KOMe二元体系可高效催化ε-己内酯(ε-CL)、 δ-戊内酯(δ-VL)和L-丙交酯(L-LA)的开环聚合, 制备了低催化剂残留且环境友好的聚酯材料; 同时实现了PS-U的回收及循环利用.     

Degradation behaviors of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) nanoparticles in aqueous solution

Monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)(MPEG‐b‐PCL) diblock copolymers were synthesized via a ring‐opening polymerization. The polymeric nanoparticles prepared by precipitation/solvent evaporation exhibit a core–shell structure, characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hydrolytic degradation of those nanoparticles was studied by DLS, NMR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). It was found that the molecular weight of PCL block in a copolymer significantly affects the stability of nanoparticles in aqueous solution and nanoparticles with shorter PCL block length degraded faster. The degradation behaviors could be divided into two stages with slow degradation at the interface region via swelling effect and fast degradation at inner core via caves and channels formed by cleavage of ester bonds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fabrication of biofunctional complex micelles with tunable structure for application in controlled drug release

In acidic solution, complex micelles were formed by diblock copolymers of poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) and folate-poly (2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methylacrylate)-b-poly (ε-caprolactone) (Fol-PDMAEMA-b-PCL) with a PCL core, a mixed PEG/Fol-PDMAEMA shell. The surface charge of the complex micelles was positive at acidic surroundings for the protonated PDMAEMA. With increasing pH value to 7.4 (above pK _a of PDMAEMA), these micelles could convert into a core-shell-corona (CSC) structure composing a hydrophobic PCL core, a collapsed PDMAEMA shell, and a soluble PEG corona. Compared to core-shell micelles formed by PEG-b-PCL, micelles with CSC structure can prolong degradation by enzyme. Doxorubicin was physically loaded into the PCL core. The drug release rate was pH-dependent. At pH 5.5, complex micelles with core-shell structure showed faster drug release rate, while at pH 7.4, complex micelles gained CSC structure which control the drug release at a lower rate. The multifunctional complex micelles were prepared for enhanced tumor therapy.     

一种双锂盐梳状聚合物电解质的制备及电化学性能

将聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPEG)接枝在聚(异丁烯-alt-马来酸酐)(PIAMA)上合成梳状锂单离子导体PIAMA-g-MPEG, 并与双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂(LiTFSI)复合制成双锂盐梳状聚合物电解质薄膜. 用核磁共振波谱 (¹H NMR)、 热重分析(TG)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 电化学阻抗(EIS)和电池充放电测试等方法对聚合物基体和电解质的物化性质和电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明, 设计的双锂盐梳状聚合物电解质能够有效解离并传输锂离子, 70 ℃下离子迁移数(t_Li⁺)为0.32, 离子电导率(σ)为1.5×10^-4 S/cm, 电化学稳定窗口为0~4.9 V (vs. Li/Li⁺). 组装Li|PIAMA-g-MPEG|Li电池并进行70 ℃恒电流充放电电压极化测试, 结果表明, 电解质与金属锂负极兼容性较好, 能够有效抑制锂枝晶的生长.组装LiFePO₄|PIAMA-g-MPEG|Li电池进行70 ℃长循环及倍率性能测试, 电解质表现出了优异的高温性能.     

AB型两亲聚L-谷氨酸-苄酯-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

利用L 谷氨酸和苯甲醇反应制备了L 谷氨酸 苄酯 ,然后将其与三聚光气反应制备了N 羧基 L 谷氨酸 环内酸酐 (NCA) .以聚乙二醇单甲醚 (MPEG)为原料 ,制备了端氨基聚乙二醇单甲醚 (MPEG NH2 ) ,并以此作为引发剂 ,引发NCA开环聚合 ,合成了不同分子量的聚L 谷氨酸 苄酯 聚乙二醇单甲醚 (PBGM )嵌段共聚物 .利用IR、1 H NMR、DSC、GPC等方法对共聚物结构进行了表征 .结果表明 ,MPEG NH2 引发NCA开环聚合得到的是嵌段共聚物 ,通过1 H NMR谱得到共聚物组成及数均分子量 ;随着共聚物中MPEG含量的增高 ,聚L 谷氨酸 苄酯的亲水性有所改善     

Multiple morphologies of the aggregates from self‐assembly of diblock copolymer with relatively long corona‐forming block in dilute aqueous solution

Reported here is self‐assembly behavior in selective solvent of diblock copolymers with relatively long corona‐forming block compared to core‐forming block. Three diblock copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether‐b‐poly(methacryloyl‐L ‐leucine methyl ester), also denoted as MPEG‐b‐PMALM copolymer, were prepared by fixing MPEG block with an average number of repeating units of 115, whereas varying PMALM block with an average number of repeating unit of 44, 23, 9, respectively. Multiple morphologies, such as sphere, cylinder, vesicle, and their coexisted structures from self‐assembly of these diblock copolymers in aqueous media by changing block nonselective solvent and initial polymer concentration used in preparation, were demonstrated directly via TEM observation. These results herein might, therefore, demonstrate as an example that a wide range of morphologies can be accessed not only from “crew‐cut micelles” but also from “star‐micelles” by controlling over preparation strategies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 364–371, 2010