快速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定牛肉中5种磺胺类药物残留

建立了同时测定牛肉中5种磺胺药物残留量的快速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱法。以乙腈为萃取剂在120℃、10MPa条件下用快速溶剂萃取仪提取样品中的目标物,提取液经冷冻除脂净化后,采用UltimateXB-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm×5μm)分离,乙腈-3%乙酸溶液(体积比25:75)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,柱温为30℃,在紫外检测波长268nm条件下进样10μL。该方法在0.01～0.10g/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999),最低检出限为0.011mg/kg,加标回收率在89.0%～107.8%范围内,相对标准偏差小于5.3%(n=5)。该方法快速、准确、简便,能够满足检测要求。     

通过式净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中42种兽药残留

建立了猪牛肉、虾、鱼等动物源性食品中磺胺类、磺胺增效剂及喹诺酮类共42种兽药残留的通过式净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经0.1%甲酸-乙腈溶液匀浆提取,过PRiME HLB小柱净化,浓缩后流动相溶解。以Waters Atlantis T3色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,3μm)分离,用乙腈和0.1%甲酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离正离子源(ESI~+)、多反应监测模式保留时间窗口检测,基质匹配标准工作曲线定量。结果表明,42种兽药在1～100μg/kg范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.998,42种兽药的检出限(S/N3)为1.0μg/kg、定量限为(S/N10)为2.0μg/kg,三个添加水平的回收率在81.1%～115.9%之间,批内、批间的相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.8%～22.1%。本方法具有简便、快捷、灵敏度高、定性准确等特点。     

同位素稀释-液相色谱/质谱法测定生态纺织品中五氯苯酚残留

建立了生态纺织品中五氯苯酚的同位素稀释-固相萃取-液相色谱/串联质谱的分析方法。样品用5%氨水-乙腈溶液(70/30,V/V)提取,用MAX固相萃取小柱净化。以乙腈-水(内含0.1%甲酸和5 mmol/L NH_4Ac)为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,在Shim-pack XR-ODSⅢ色谱柱(100 mm×2.0 mm i.d.,2.2μm)上进行分离,以多反应监测负离子模式进行检测,内标法定量。该方法在0.5～50.0μg/L范围线性关系良好,样品的回收率为80.0%～110.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.56%～5.39%,定量限为0.5μg/kg,检出限为0.15μg/kg。方法灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于生态纺织品中五氯苯酚的监测。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定银耳中的8种农药残留

建立了同时测定银耳中吡虫啉、啶虫脒、异丙威、丁硫克百威、克百威、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷和咪鲜胺8种常见农药残留的固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。5 g样品,加入1 g NaCl,用乙酸乙酯提取,提取液通过C18柱固相萃取净化后,以Phenomenex Luna C8色谱柱(150 mm×2.0 mm×3.0μm)分离,流动相A为含0.1%甲酸-5 mmol/L NH_4Ac溶液,流动相B为乙腈,梯度洗脱。质谱采用多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。结果显示:吡虫啉在1.0～1 000.0μg/L,啶虫脒、异丙威、丁硫克百威、克百威和咪鲜胺在1.0～500.0μg/L,甲胺磷和乙酰甲胺磷在1.0～250.0μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.995;检出限为0.01～0.30μg/kg,定量限为0.03～1.00μg/kg。在低、中、高3个水平加标的回收率为70.1%～106.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.97%～13.68%。实际样品检测结果表明该方法稳定、准确、可靠。     

高效液相色谱法测定饮料中的呋喃-2,5-二甲酸

建立了饮料中呋喃-2,5-二甲酸含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法,采用Venusil HILIC(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱;柱温40℃;流动相为0.02 mol/L乙酸铵(冰乙酸调至p H 3.5)-乙腈(50∶50);流速1.0 m L/min;检测波长265 nm。呋喃-2,5-二甲酸在0.5~100 mg/L浓度范围内线性良好,检出限(LOD)和定量下限(LOQ)分别为0.15 mg/kg和0.5 mg/kg,回收率为93.2%~109.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.9%~4.2%。该方法快速、操作简便、灵敏度高,适用于饮料中呋喃-2,5-二甲酸含量的测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肉中头孢拉定残留

建立测定鸡肉中头孢拉定残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。鸡肉样品经80%乙腈水溶液提取,PRiME HLB柱固相萃取净化,0.2%甲酸水溶液稀释,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸-0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,基质加标外标法定量。实验结果表明,头孢拉定在0.5～50.0 ng/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(R~2=0.9998),定量限为1μg/kg。向空白鸡肉中添加头孢拉定含量为1.00μg/kg、2.00μg/kg、10.0μg/kg时,回收率在77.3%～106.8%之间,相对标准偏差在3.2%～10.5%之间。本方法操作简便、快捷,实验结果准确、稳定,可满足鸡肉中头孢拉定残留量的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定牛奶中38种抗生素残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定牛奶中5类(磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类、氯霉素类和大环内酯类)38种抗生素的分析方法。牛奶样品以0.5%(体积分数)甲酸乙腈提取,利用Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取小柱进行净化,经Acquity UPLC HSS T3柱(100 mm×2.1 mm i.d.,1.8μm)分离,采用电喷雾离子源,多反应监测模式(MRM)进行定性定量分析。结果表明,38种抗生素在各自线性范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.99,定量下限为0.10～1.0μg/kg;在1.0、5.0、10.0μg/kg加标水平下,平均回收率为70.7%～94.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为4.0%～9.4%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于牛奶中多种抗生素残留的监测要求。     

亲水相互作用色谱-串联质谱法同时测定动物组织中金刚烷胺与利巴韦林

采用亲水相互作用色谱-串联质谱技术,建立了同时测定动物组织中金刚烷胺和利巴韦林的方法。样品加入同位素内标,采用20 g/L三氯乙酸提取,经磷酸酯酶酶解,PBA固相萃取小柱净化后,采用HILIC色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,3μm)分离,以5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源串联质谱,在正离子扫描方式下以多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,内标法定量。在优化条件下,金刚烷胺和利巴韦林在0.5~5.0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,定量下限分别为1.0μg/kg和2.0μg/kg。在鸡肉和鸡肝样品中,金刚烷胺和利巴韦林在3个加标水平(分别为1.0、2.0、5.0μg/kg和2.0、5.0、10.0μg/kg)下的平均回收率为89.2%~109%,相对标准偏差为2.0%~9.3%。该方法准确可靠、方便快捷,适用于动物组织中金刚烷胺和利巴韦林的同时定量分析。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中甲醛含量

建立了蔬菜中甲醛含量的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品用水提取、2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生及二氯甲烷萃取、浓缩后,采用Waters Sunfire C18色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,流动相为乙腈-水(1∶1,V/V),在355nm波长处紫外检测。甲醛在0.1~2.0μg/mL浓度范围内呈线性关系,相关系数0.9989,方法检出限为1.0 mg/kg,在2~10mg/kg添加浓度范围内,甲醛平均回收率为78.1%~114.2%,相对标准偏差在0.8%~9.5%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测霉千张中13种真菌毒素

建立了同时检测霉千张中黄曲霉毒素等13种真菌毒素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经乙腈-水(50:50,V/V)提取,Mycospin 400净化。采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1,1.8μm)作为分析柱,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.5%乙酸-水和10 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.5%乙酸-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正、负离子(ESI+,ESI-)多反应模式监测。评估了每种真菌毒素在霉千张样品中的基质效应,采用同位素内标法进行定量分析。结果表明,13种真菌毒素在1.0~500μg/kg范围呈良好线性,所得R2均大于0.999。样品在高、中、低3个浓度加标水平下的平均回收率为69.8%~118.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%~15%。针对不同真菌毒素,方法的定量限为1.0~30μg/kg。     

Gels from a semifluorinated n-alkane in fluorinated solvents as a probe for intermolecular interactions

Diblock semifluorinated n-alkanes can form aggregates and gels in fluorinated solvents. We have investigated the thermal behavior of binary mixtures comprising F(CF₂)₈(CH₂)₁₆H and fluorinated solvents. The solvents were perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorodecalin, and perfluorotributylamine. The phase diagrams were used to calculate the activity coefficients of the two components and the main excess thermodynamic functions. The solubility and self-assembly behavior of F₈H₁₆ in the fluorinated solvents are related to the different solute–solvent dispersion interactions that depend on the polarizabilities and ionization potentials of the interacting species, and on the structural properties of the solvent.     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性;均苯四甲酸二酐;联苯四羧酸二酐;二羟基联苯胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯并噁唑;耐热性     

HCOO在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及广义梯度近似方法(GGA)计算了甲酸根(HCOO)在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附. 计算结果表明, 短桥位是最稳定的吸附位置, 计算的几何参数与以前的实验和计算结果吻合. 吸附热顺序为Cu(110)(-116 kJ·mol-1)>Ag(110)(-57 kJ·mol-1)>Au(110)(-27 kJ·mol-1), 与实验上甲酸根的分解温度相一致. 电子态密度分析表明, 吸附热顺序可以用吸附分子与金属d-带之间的Pauli 排斥来关联, 即排斥作用越大, 吸附越弱. 另外还从计算的吸附热数据以及实验上HCOO的分解温度估算了反应CO2+1/2H2→HCOO的活化能, 其大小顺序为Au(110)>Ag(110)>Cu(110).     

Transition metal complexes of the tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmethyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine. Crystal structures of [CuLCl]ClO4 and [NiL(MeCN)2](ClO4)2

The tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmthyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine has been prepared by reaction of 2-aminemethyl pyridine with acrylonitrile, followed by the reduction of the nitrile groups. Copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), cobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes of the ligand have been prepared and characterized and the crystal structures of the complexes [CuLCl]ClO₄ and [NiL(MeCN)₂](ClO₄)₂ determined. The copper complex is five coordinate with approximate square pyramidal stereochemistry with the apical position occupied by a primary amine donor. The nickel complex is octahedral with the pyridine nitrogen donor lying trans to an acetonitrile ligand.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

Magnetism of metal-nitroxide compounds involving bis-chelating imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide free radicals

Coordination compounds based on imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals with transition metal ions and trivalent lanthanide ions are described from the perspective of their magnetic properties.For the transition metal compounds the crystal structures show various metal-nitroxide dimensionalities including mononuclear (0D), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) complexes. The mononuclear complexes were isolated with most metal ions of the first transition series. One copper(II) complex shows a copper(II)-radical ferromagnetic coupling (J = +75 cm⁻¹) while for the other mononuclear compounds, mainly with manganese(II), the metal-radical interactions are antiferromagnetic. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional complexes are manganese(II) compounds which show canting effects leading to weak ferromagnetism.For the trivalent lanthanide ions [La(III), Gd(III) and Eu(III)], three series of mononuclear complexes were obtained in which the metal center is bound to four, two or one nitroxide radicals depending on the counter ions and ancillary ligands. Unexpectedly, in most gadolinium(III) complexes, the Gd(III)-radical interactions were found to be antiferromagnetic in contradiction with other foundings and previous theoretical models. In support to the magnetic studies, the optical properties of the lantanide complexes have also been investigated and are briefly described.     

具有聚集诱导发光性质的近红外荧光染料

聚集诱导发光(AIE)现象的发现为解决传统有机荧光分子在高浓度和聚集形态下存在的荧光猝灭问题提供了最佳方案,并实现了在光电器件、化学传感、生物成像和靶向治疗等众多领域的广泛应用。随着对AIE发光机理研究的不断深入,AIE分子体系得到了极大的扩展。其中,一类具有给体-受体结构的AIE分子能够显著降低分子能隙,使发光分子波长从可见光区(400~700 nm)延伸到近红外(NIR)区(700~1700 nm)。由于NIR发光分子在生物医学领域中的独特优势,其已成为目前AIE研究的热点。随着对NIR分子设计及应用的不断探索,附加不同功能且发光波长更长的AIE分子也被开发出来了,并实现了对生物体特定组织的NIR荧光成像、光声成像、光动力治疗和光热治疗等。本文总结了近年来具有AIE性能的NIR荧光分子的结构及其在生物医学领域的相关应用。     

Simple,Selective, and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Amounts of Nickel（Ⅱ）, Copper （Ⅱ）, Cobalt （Ⅱ）, and Iron （Ⅲ） with a Novel Reagent 2-Pyridine Carboxaldehyde Isonicotinyl Hydrazone

A selective and sensitive reagent of 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde isonicotinyl hydrazone（2-PYAINH） was synthesized and studied for the spectrophotometric determination of nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron in detail. At a pH value of 7.0, 9,0, 9.0, and 8.0, respectively, which greatly increased the selectivity; nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron reacted with 2-PYAINH to form a 1：2 yellow-orange, 1：2 yellow-green, 1：2 yellow and 1：1 yellow complexes, with absorption peaks at 363, 352, 346, and 359 nm, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, Beer＇s law was obeyed over the ranges of 0.01-1.4, 0.01-1.5, 0.01-2.7, and 0.01-5.4 mg/L respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell＇s sensitivities were 8.4×10^4, 5.2×10^4, 7.1×10^4, and 3.9×10^4 L·mol^-l·cm^-1, respectively, and 0.00069, 0.0012, 0.00078, and 0.0014 μg·cm2, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The detailed study of various interfering ions to make the method more sensitive was carried out and selective and several real samples were analyzed with satisfactory results.     

Synthesis of Some Novel Class of Bis(isoxazoline) and Bis(aziridine) Derivatives

Synthesis of some new bis(isoxazoline) derivatives has been described from terepthaldehyde derived bis(nitrones) using microwave irradiation via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Bis(isoxazoline) derivatives in turn successfully converted into new bis(aziridine) derivatives via Baldwin rearrangement. Simple reaction methodology, non involvement of catalysts, and good to excellent yields are the important features noticed in this synthesis.     

New Complexes of Ditopic Ligands with “d” and/or “s” Metal Ions

Abstract

The asymmetric compartmental macrocycles containing one N₂O₂ or N₃O₂ Schiff base and one O₂O₃ or O₂O₄ crown-ether like chamber, have been obtained by condensation reaction of the formyl precursors 3,3′-(3-oxapentane-1, 5-diyldioxy) bis (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or 3,3′-(3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diyldioxy)-bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) with ethyl ethylenediamine (H₂L_A, H₂L_C), 1,5-diamino-3-azamethylpentane(H₂L_B, H₂L_D), also in the presence of metal ions as templating agents. These ditopic ligands, with dissimilar coordination sites, have been designed and used for the selective complexation of “d” and/or “s” metal ions, respectively into the Schiff base and the crown ether chamber. The selectivity of these processes strongly depends on the size and on the donor atom sets of the sites. The possibility to obtain mononuclear M(L)·nH₂O (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺), Mn(L)(CH₃COO)·nH₂O or Na(L) and hetero-dinuclear MNa(L)(CH₃COO) (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺) and MnNa(L)(CH₃COO)₂·nH₂O complexes has been successfully tested. The ligands and complexes have been characterized by ir, nmr, mass spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Two of the ligands used for the preparation of the solid samples, i.e., to H₂L_A and H₂L_B, have been employed to study complexation reactions of Co(II) and Na(I) in solution. In order to obtain information on the ligand preorganization effect toward the complex stabilities, a simpler open chain parent compound of H₂L_B (H₂L_E) has been also prepared and studied. FT-IR spectra show that H₂L_A is unable to complex Na⁺ in DMSO while the complexation reactions of Na⁺ by H₂L_B and of Co²⁺ by H₂L_A take place with slow kinetics. Therefore, thermodynamic data have been obtained only for the systems Co²⁺/H₂L_B and Co²⁺/H₂L_E. The thermodynamic parameters obtained for the complexation reactions show that the pre-organization of the donor atoms in H₂L_B does not add a significant contribution to the stabilities of the complexes. Both H₂L_B and H₂L_E form in DMSO 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 = M:L complexes with very similar stabilities and almost equal enthalpies of formation. Physico-chemical studies suggest besides that the slow reaction of Na⁺ with H₂L_B is probably due to the formation of a 1:1 complex where the metal cation, initially occupying the O₃ cage of the ligand, slowly binds also the oxygens of the phenolic moieties. Spectral and calorimetric data on solutions containing H₂L_B and different Co²⁺: Na⁺ ratios evidence that in DMSO no stable heterodinuclear complexes form when the neutral ligand is considered.