煤系高岭土的DTA特征

利用程序升温热分析法得到煤系高岭土在不同气氛下的ＴＧ／ＤＴＡ谱图。通过比较煤系高岭土与普通高岭土的ＴＧ／ＤＴＡ谱图，可以发现：在惰性气氛下煤系高岭土的ＤＴＡ谱图与普通高岭土的谱图基本一致；而在空气气氛下，由于煤的燃烧反应致使煤系高岭土的吸热谷被部分或全部遮盖，另外在３００℃左右有弱的放热峰出现。比较煤系高岭土与普通高岭土的吸热谷特征可以得出煤系高岭土的结构完整性与结晶度较差。     

煅烧煤系高岭土粒度分布的分形特征

通过分析煤系高岭土及其煅烧产物的粒度,得出：煤系高岭土的粒度分布具有分形规律,同时发现煤系高岭土的普度变化包括膨胀阶段和收缩阶段,并且与高岭土的结构变化相关,计算不同煅烧温度的煅烧产物的粒度分布分维数,并得出分维数与煅烧的关系曲线,由此关系曲线可较容易地确定出煤系高岭土的煅烧温度。     

煤系高岭岩中固定碳燃烧动力学特性

煤系高岭岩中可燃矿物与不可燃矿物的共生组合增加了可燃矿物燃烧的复杂性,研究这类"燃料"的燃烧特性对充分利用煤矸石资源有积极的意义。参照FCC催化剂结焦燃烧机理,基于一系列假设,建立了煤系高岭岩中固定碳燃烧反应模型—未反应收缩核模型。采用空气气氛下等温热重法研究了煤系高岭土中固定碳的燃烧反应。研究表明,低于700℃,反应的控制步骤是煤系高岭岩中固定碳燃烧界面化学反应。通过对非均一颗粒体系的未反应核收缩模型计算分析,获得煤系高岭岩中固定碳燃烧反应动力学参数,活化能(E)为100.12kJ/mol,频率因子(A)为2.27×106s-1。     

高硅铝比高峰土超声强化酸浸反应动力学研究

用XRD谱图对比了煤系高岭土与高硅铝比高岭土煅烧酸浸前后的结晶分布特征，发现两者的煅烧活化过程完全相同，只有其中的高岭石经煅烧成为偏高岭石后才能进行酸反应，后者含有大量的硅铝化合物伴生矿使得最大浸取率很低，超声场的加入使颗粒细化，表面更新加快，导致浸出速率明显提高，但并未改变伴生矿结构与反应途径。故仍保持原有的最大浸取率，动力学分析表明，用液固缩芯反应模型能很好地模拟实验数据。与无超声下酸浸动力学相比，在较低的温度下，因超声空化效应造成颗粒细化与表面更新，加快了反应速率，使灰层扩散成为控制步骤。     

CaO-超细高岭土复合固硫剂固硫动力学研究

利用高岭土的加工产品超细高岭土，制备了CaO-超细高岭土复合固硫剂，用热分析法研究其固硫性能和特征，并用等效粒子模型对该固硫剂固硫反应的动力学过程进行模拟和计算，得到了固硫反应的动力学参数。研究表明，CaO-超细高岭土复合固硫剂有着较好的固硫率，特别是高于1?000?℃时在固硫反应后期的产物层扩散控制阶段呈现很好的固硫率增长，1 009 ℃下固硫率较CaO提高达26％。     

吉布斯自由能的某些应用

吉布斯自由能的某些应用严宣中（北京大学化学系１００８７１）化学反应倾向取决于吉布斯自由能（凸Ｇ），后者是培变（凸Ｈ）及在一定温度下嫡变（Ｔ凸Ｓ）①综合判据，即面Ｇ一面Ｈ—Ｔ凸Ｓ。具体判据是：凸Ｇ＞０，正向非自发反应（逆反应为自发反应）；凸Ｇ—０，反应...     

偏高岭土水热合成NaY分子筛的机理研究

采用茂名高岭土水热合成NaY分子筛,用IR,XRD,NMR,SEM,HRTEM等分析了其晶化过程。结果表明：偏高岭土水热合成Y型分子筛是固相转变机理,晶化过程是一个扩散-成胶-原位重排的过程。     

己二酸合成中高岭土对催化活性组分的载体作用

以高岭土为载体、钨粉为催化剂前驱物,过氧钨酸为催化剂活性组分,经催化H2O2-环己酮的反应合成了己二酸.利用反应过程中催化活性组分在高岭土表面的选择性吸附,在反应完成后分离出负载过氧钨酸的高岭土并重复循环使用,考察了反应条件对己二酸收率的影响,并测定了过氧钨酸-高岭土的重复使用性能.采用红外光谱分析了高岭土及循环使用的过氧钨酸-高岭土的化学结构.结果表明,载体高岭土能够在反应过程中有效负载过氧钨酸,并且过氧钨酸-高岭土第4次循环利用后其产物的收率基本不随重复利用次数增加而发生变化.     

高岭土原位晶化产品及全合成Y型沸石的稀土离子的交换平衡

本文测定了钠式高岭土原位晶化产品及全合成Ｙ型沸石与稀土离子铽Ｔｂ（Ⅲ）的离子交换等温线和平衡数据，采用了三种不同的热力学方法处理平衡数据，求得该离子交换反应Ｎｄ→Ｔｂ的选择系数、修正选择系数、热力学平衡常数以及标准自由能、热焓、熵的改变量。对这种离子交换剂的结果及三种热力学处理方法进行了对比及讨论。     

有机化高岭土/聚异丁烯热熔压敏胶的制备及性能

将聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)接枝到高岭土(Kaolin)表面,然后利用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)插入接枝高岭土片层间,制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷接枝插层型高岭土(PDMS-Kaolin)。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射分析、表面水接触角测试及热重分析表征了高岭土的有机化改性效果。以PDMSKaolin为填料与聚异丁烯(PIB)经转矩流变仪制得PDMS-Kaolin/PIB热熔压敏胶,并探究了PDMS-Kaolin的质量分数对热熔压敏胶结构稳定性、黏接性能和热性能的影响。结果表明:与纯PIB热熔压敏胶相比,PDMS-Kaolin/PIB热熔压敏胶中当PDMS-Kaolin的质量分数大于0.5%时,其结构稳定性、180°剥离强度和热性能都得到提升,其中剥离强度在PDMS-Kaolin的质量分数为1%时达到最大值0.659N/mm,较纯PIB热熔压敏胶提高了11%,继续增大PDMS-Kaolin的质量分数,剥离强度会出现急剧下降,当增至2%时,剥离强度降至最低而体系的热性能达到最佳。     

Kinetics of thermal decomposition of nickel sulfate hexahydrate

The paper describes the kinetics of all the recorded steps of thermal decomposition of nickel sulfate hexahydrate in air. The thermal decomposition of the salt in air led to NiO at about 1060 K. The kinetic parameters, the activation energyE and the preexponential factorA, and the thermodynamic parameters, the entropy, enthalpy and free energy of activation were evaluated for the dehydration and decomposition reactions. Tentative reaction mechanisms are suggested for each step of the thermal decomposition.     

Development of a thermal conductivity cell with nanolayer coating for thermal conductivity measurement of fluids

Various techniques and methodologies of thermal conductivity measurement have been based on the determination of the rate of directional heat flow through a material having a unit temperature differential between its opposing faces. The constancy of the rate depends on the material density, its thermal resistance and the heat flow path itself. The last of these variables contributes most significantly to the true value of steady-state axial and radial heat dissipation depending on the magnitude of transient thermal diffusivity along these directions. The transient hot-wire technique is broadly used for absolute measurements of the thermal conductivity of fluids. Refinement of this method has resulted in a capability for accurate and simultaneous measurement of both thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity together with the determination of the specific heat. However, these measurements, especially those for the thermal diffusivity, may be significantly influenced by fluid radiation. Recently developed corrections have been used to examine this assumption and rectify the influence of even weak fluid radiation. A thermal conductivity cell for measurement of the thermal properties of electrically conducting fluids has been developed and discussed.     

Parameter determination of a thermal desorption model

A new method for the analysis of thermal desorption spectra is presented, based on the experimental peak maximum functions for temperatureT _m(β) and pressureP _m(β) and a rigorous mathematical treatment. The resonant heating rate β_r is determined, satisfyingT _m(β_r)=T _r, whereT _r is the resonant temperature defined byA exp(−E _d/(RT _r))=1. Desorption energyE _d and frequency factorA can be determined simultaneously with relatively high robustness towards statistical experimental errors as demonstrated by computer-simulated thermal desorption spectra.     

Thermal Behaviour of Pharmacologically Active Lithium Compounds

The thermal decompositions of a series of simple lithium compounds (carbonate, sulfate, acetate, citrates, aspartates and glutamates) currently used in the treatment of manic-depressive psychosis and related disorders were investigated by means of TG and DTA measurements in oxygen atmosphere. Pyrolysis residues were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The stabilities of the hydrates and intermediate phases generated during the degradation processes are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermal Analysis in Studies of Technological Waste Materials to Be Subjected to Thermal Treatment

Attempt was made to evaluate the usefulness of thermoanalytical methods, combined with X-ray phase analysis and chemical analyses, for the study of thermal decomposition of waste materials to be subjected to thermal treatment. The object of the studies were petrochemical waste materials intended to be decomposed in a rotary furnace. Results are given of the studies of five selected waste materials. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermal Properties of K（Y1-xYbx）（WO4）2（x=0.098,0.196,0.294） Crystal

Thermal properties of pure KY(WO4)2 and K(Y1-xYbx)(WO4)2(x=0.098,0.196,0.294) crystals were investigated.The specific heat and thermal diffusivity of crystals were calculated at a range of 50～300 ℃.The calculated result shows that the specific heat and thermal diffusivity of K(Y1-xYbx)(WO4)2(x=0.098,0.196,0.294) crystals were slightly affected by the Yb3+ concentration.The thermal expansion coefficient of K(Y0.804Yb0.196)(WO4)2 crystals along x,y and z axes were determined to be 13.51,4.474 and 16.60×10-6 K-1,respectively.These results suggest the K(Y1-xYbx)(WO4)2(x=0.098,0.196,0.294) crystal as a laser crystal of low-middle power.     

Photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy and thermophysical properties of syncrude cokes

This paper presents and interprets photoacoustic (PA) infrared spectra and four different thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, volumetric specific heat and thermal effusivity) for four sets of hydrocarbon cokes. A total of 12 samples, with varying histories, were analyzed. These cokes are a by-product of the upgrading of bitumen to Syncrude Sweet Blend (a blend of hydrotreated components), and were obtained from several locations in the thermal cokers operated by Syncrude Canada Ltd. in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada. PA infrared spectroscopy provides detailed information on the amount and type of residual aromatic hydrocarbons in cokes; aliphatic hydrocarbons are sometimes detected in smaller quantities. Three of the thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity, diffusivity and effusivity) display systematic differences among the cokes. On the other hand, volumetric specific heat hardly varies, a phenomenon that accounts for the observed proportionality between thermal diffusivity and conductivity. Analogous relationships exist between thermal effusivity and both thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity for these cokes. The magnitudes of these three thermophysical properties tend to increase as aromatics contents, determined by PA spectroscopy, decrease.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Phosphoric acid‐doped imidazolium ionomers with enhanced stability for anhydrous proton‐exchange membrane applications

Phosphoric acid‐doped crosslinked proton‐conducting membranes with high anhydrous proton conductivity, and good chemical stability in phosphoric acid were synthesized and characterized. The synthetic procedure of the acid‐doped composite membranes mainly involves the in situ crosslinking of polymerizable monomer oils (styrene and acrylonitrile) and vinylimidazole, and followed by the sulfonation of pendant imidazole groups with butanesultone, and further doped with phosphoric acid. The resultant phosphoric acid‐doped composite electrolyte membranes are flexible and show high thermal stability and high‐proton conductivity up to the order of 10^?2 S cm^?1 at 160 °C under anhydrous conditions. The phosphoric acid uptake, swelling degree, and proton conductivity of the composite membranes increase with the vinylimidazole content. The resultant composite membranes also show good oxidative stability in Fenton's reagent (at 70 °C), and quite good chemical stability in phosphoric acid (at 160 °C). The properties of the prepared electrolyte membranes indicate their promising prospects in anhydrous proton‐exchange membrane applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013 , 51, 1311–1317     

Intrinsic thermal stability and quenching recovery of thin-film superconductors with thermal boundary resistance

The stability behaviour of a thin-film superconductor under a localized release of thermal disturbance is investigated. Two-dimensional conjugate film/substrate conduction equation with anisotropic thermal conductivity of the film, and Joule heat are employed to investigate effects of substrate and thermal properties on the intrinsic stability and quenching recovery. To consider the thermal boundary resistance between film and substrate, an interfacial-layer model (ILM) with very low diffusivity and an acoustic mismatch model (AMM) are employed. Results show that the thermal boundary resistance influences strongly the intrinsic stability. Thermal boundary resistance increases intrinsic stability if the thermal conductivity of the substrate or the disturbance energy is large. Higher Biot numbers and thermal conductivity ratios of film to substrate in longitudinal direction influence stability favorably. We demonstrate also that operation of a film/substrate system, such as YBCO/MgO, is either intrinsically stable or irrecoverably unstable.The authors wish to express their sincere appreciation to Dr. R. C. Chen for his invaluable advice and suggestions during the course of this paper. This research was supported by the National Science Council of the R. O. C. through grant NSC 83-0401-E-009-006. The computations were performed on the IBM ES/9000 at the National Center For High-Performance Computing.     

Effects of vapor‐phase‐formaldehyde treatments on thermal conductivity and diffusivity of ramie fibers in the range of low temperature

To understand the influence to thermal conductivity by bridging in the polymer fibers, the thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity of ramie fiber and those bridged by formaldehyde (HCHO) using vapor‐phase method (VP‐HCHO treatment) were investigated in the lower temperature range. The thermal conductivities of ramie fiber with and without VP‐HCHO treatments decreased with decreasing temperature. Thermal diffusivities of ramie fiber with and without VP‐HCHO treatments were almost constant in the temperature range of 250–50 K, and increased by decreasing temperature below 50 K. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of ramie fiber decreased by VP‐HCHO treatment. The crystallinities and orientation angles of ramie fibers with and without VP‐HCHO treatment were measured using solid state NMR and X‐ray diffraction. These were almost independent of VP‐HCHO treatment. Although tensile modulus decreased slightly by VP‐HCHO treatment, the decrease could not explain the decrease in thermal conductivity and diffusivity with decreasing sound velocity. The decrease of the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity by VP‐HCHO treatment suggested the possibility of the reduction of the mean free path of phonon by HCHO in VP‐HCHO treated ramie fiber. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2754–2766, 2005