Photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy and thermophysical properties of syncrude cokes

This paper presents and interprets photoacoustic (PA) infrared spectra and four different thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, volumetric specific heat and thermal effusivity) for four sets of hydrocarbon cokes. A total of 12 samples, with varying histories, were analyzed. These cokes are a by-product of the upgrading of bitumen to Syncrude Sweet Blend (a blend of hydrotreated components), and were obtained from several locations in the thermal cokers operated by Syncrude Canada Ltd. in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada. PA infrared spectroscopy provides detailed information on the amount and type of residual aromatic hydrocarbons in cokes; aliphatic hydrocarbons are sometimes detected in smaller quantities. Three of the thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity, diffusivity and effusivity) display systematic differences among the cokes. On the other hand, volumetric specific heat hardly varies, a phenomenon that accounts for the observed proportionality between thermal diffusivity and conductivity. Analogous relationships exist between thermal effusivity and both thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity for these cokes. The magnitudes of these three thermophysical properties tend to increase as aromatics contents, determined by PA spectroscopy, decrease.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.