Ti／SnO2＋Sb2O3／PbO2阳极的性能研究

以ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＳ和ＸＲＤ研究Ｔｉ／ＳｎＯ２＋Ｓｂ２Ｏ３／ＰｂＯ２阳极，测定该阳极在１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４中的使用寿命及其电化学参数ａ，ｂ，ｉ０并用双位垒模型讨论了其动力学参数。结果表明该电极具有优良的电化学性能和较长的使用寿命。     

聚环氧乙烷（PEO）／壳聚糖（CS）共混膜的醇—水渗透蒸发性能研究

研究了ＥｔＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ，ｎ－ＰｒＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ，ｉ－ＰｒＯｈ－Ｈ２Ｏ体系在ＣＳ膜和ＰＥＯ／ＣＳ共混膜中的渗透蒸发性能。讨论了料液温度、料液浓度、共混膜组成对分离性能的影响，结果发现ＰＥＯ的掺入能大大提高ＣＳ膜的渗透通量，而分离因子下降。同时从膜材料的聚集态结构出发对相关的渗透蒸发行为进行了讨论。对于ＰＥＯ／ＣＳ共混膜，膜内自由体积的大小是影响分离性能的主要因素，小分子在膜中的渗透蒸发行全为主要是由扩     

影响苯胺电化学计量聚合因素的探讨

本文对影响苯胺电化学计量聚合的因素进行了探讨，这些因素包括：电化学聚合方法、电极电位（Ｅ）、电流密度（Ｉ），以及苯胺单体和酸溶液的浓度等，实验结果表明，最合适的聚合方法为恒电流法，其条件为：电极电位不大于０．７０Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）聚合电流密度（Ｉ）约为０．０５ｍＡ／ｃｍ＾２，苯胺单体浓度为１．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，酸（ＨＣｌ）的浓度则为２．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ     

扫描电化学显微技术

本文着重介绍了扫描电化学显微技术（ＳＥＣＭ）的工作原理，仪器构造和测量方法，简要地评述了ＳＥＣＭ在电化学研究及表面微加工等方面的应有及发展前景。     

高选择性透过二氧化硫气体分离膜的研究 （Ⅳ）不同烃基乙烯基亚砜接枝聚乙烯醇膜的透过性能

研究了不同烃基乙烯基亚砜接技聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ－ＲＶＳＯ，Ｒ＝Ｍｅ，Ｅｔ，ｔ－Ｂｕ，Ｐｈ）膜对纯ＳＯ２、Ｎ２的透过性能以及ＳＯ２／Ｎ２混合气体的分离性能，结果表明上述膜对ＳＯ２具有高的选择性，对不同烃基乙烯基亚砜接枝膜进行了比较。     

粘结剂PTFE对泡沫型氢氧化镍电极电化学性能的影响

用恒电流放电，循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱（ＥＩＳ）研究了ＰＴＦＥ对泡沫型氢氧化镍电极电化学性能的影响，发现ＰＴＦＥ的存在的增加电极的电化学反应电阻，降低电极反应的可逆性，从而使得电极的放电电位及容量有所降低，所以在制作粘结式电极的过程中应尽量减少粘结剂的用量。     

负载型SiO2无机膜的制备与表征

采用Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ法制备负载型ＳｉＯ_２无机膜，考察了有机粘结剂、处理温度对膜性能和结构的影响，并用ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ、孔分布和渗透性测定等方法对无机膜进行了表征。     

聚环氧乙烷（PEO）／壳聚糖（CS）共混膜的醇－水渗透蒸发性能研究

研究了ＥｔＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ，ｎ－ＰｒＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ，ｉ－ＰｒＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ体系在ＣＳ膜和ＰＥＯ／ＣＳ共混膜中的渗透蒸发性能。讨论了料液温度、料液浓度、共混膜组成对分离性能的影响，结果发现ＰＥＯ的掺入能大大提高ｃｓ膜的渗透通量；而分离因子下降。同时从膜材料的聚集态结构出发对相关的渗透蒸发行为进行了讨论。对于ＰＥＯ／ＣＳ共混膜，膜内自由体积的大小是影响分离性能的主要因素，小分子在膜中的渗透蒸发行为主要是由扩散过程控制的。本文还研究了ＰＥＯ的掺入对壳聚塘膜强度的影响以及利用ＤＳＣ谱研究ＰＥＯ掺入后壳聚糖膜聚集态结构的变化。     

第46届国际电化学会（ISE）年会圆满成功

第４６届国际电化学会（ＩＳＥ）年会圆满成功第４６届国际电化学会（ＩＳＥ）年会已于１９９５年８月２８日如期在厦门召开，９月１日圆满闭幕。与此同时，由复旦大学主办的第８届全国电化学会议（ＣＳＥ）亦于８月２７日至９月１日在厦门大学举行。本届ＩＳＥ年会由中国...     

碳钢表面稀土转化膜的XPS和AES研究

用浸渍法在Ａ３钢表面上获得了稀土转化膜，此膜呈均匀的金黄色，有良好的装饰效果。硫酸铜点滴、盐水浸泡、硫化氢气体等加速腐蚀试验以及膜层的电化学测试均证实此膜具有一定的耐蚀性能。膜层的ＸＰＳ９Ｘ射线光电子光谱）分析结果表明，膜层由铁、铈、氧等元素组成；在膜层的表面，铁以Ｆｅ＾３＋，铈以Ｃｅ＾４＋状态存在，在膜层的内部，铁以Ｆｅ＾３＋及Ｆｅ＾３＋，铈以Ｃｅ＾３＋和Ｃｅ＾４＋状态存在；从ＡＥＳ（俄歇Ｆｅ＾     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。