分散固相萃取-分散液液微萃取/气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中19种有机磷农药残留

采用分散固相萃取和分散液液微萃取联用方法,建立了气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)同时测定蔬菜中19种有机磷农药残留量的分析方法。分散固相萃取方法以乙腈为萃取液,以N-丙基-乙二胺(PSA)和C18为吸附剂。对影响分散液液微萃取效率的因素(萃取溶剂种类及体积、分散剂体积等)进行优化,同时分析了实验过程中添加掩蔽试剂L-古洛糖酸γ-内酯(AP)对基质效应补偿作用的影响。在最佳实验条件下,19种有机磷在辣椒和大葱中3个添加水平(0.05,0.1,0.5 mg/kg)的回收率为76.9%~126.8%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~7.3%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.10~0.50μg/kg。该方法简单、高效、重现性好、富集倍数高,可用于蔬菜中有机磷农药的快速检测。     

固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法测定沥青基防水涂料中18种多环芳烃的迁移量

建立了固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱(SPME/GC-MS)测定沥青基防水涂料中18种多环芳烃(PAHs)迁移量的方法。研究了萃取涂层、萃取时间、搅拌速度及萃取温度对萃取效果的影响。在优化条件下,18种PAHs在1~100μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.992 8~0.998 9,检出限为0.03~0.09μg/L;在1、10、100μg/L加标水平下的平均回收率为71%~94%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.8%~8.6%。对5份沥青基防水涂料进行迁移实验,发现迁移液中均检出PAHs,且主要为四环以下的PAHs。实验表明该方法适应于沥青基防水涂料中18种PAHs的迁移量检测。     

固相萃取-离子色谱-积分脉冲安培法测定人血清中游离氨基酸

比较了磺基水杨酸和无水甲醇沉淀人血清中蛋白质的效果,优化了国产732型阳离子交换树脂进行固相萃取净化的条件和Dionex-600离子色谱分析系统的梯度淋洗条件。用该离子色谱仪检测了谷氨酰胺等14种氨基酸,结果表明,峰面积-浓度的校正曲线的相关系数为0.9900~0.9995,检出限为0.02~0.59mg/L;峰面积的相对标准偏差为1.9%~10.4%;回收率为80.6%~114.8%。     

基于碳纳米管的固相萃取-分散液液微萃取测定水中多种痕量环境雌激素

建立了基于碳纳米管的固相萃取-分散液液微萃取/ 上浮溶剂固化-高效液相色谱/荧光法测定水体中痕量雌激素雌三醇(E3)、 双酚A(BPA)、 17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)及17β-雌二醇(E2)的方法. 利用中心复合实验设计分别对固相萃取和分散液液微萃取条件进行了优化, 通过响应曲面法得到的最佳萃取条件为碳纳米管用量30 mg, 水样体积210 mL, 流速2.0 mL/min, 萃取剂(十二醇)体积50 μL, 分散剂(甲醇)体积0.2 mL以及不添加盐. 在优化的实验条件下, E3, BPA, EE2和E2测定的线性范围分别为0.05~100, 0.05~100, 0.05~50和0.05~50 μg/L, 相关系数为0.9993~0.9999, 检出限分别为48.4, 3.3, 8.1和6.0 ng/L. 对不同加标浓度(0.40和4.00 μg/L)的实验室自来水、 排水沟污水及市售矿泉水3种实际水样进行了分析: E3, BPA, EE2和E2的加标回收率依次为107.5%~120.8%, 92.5%~108.3%, 103.5%~121.0%和102.5%~132.5%, 相对偏差分别为2.47%~13.28%, 1.73%~11.94%, 1.72%~8.36%和3.54%~11.95%, 富集因子平均值分别为461, 1075, 2074和949. 实际水样分析结果表明, 本方法可用于不同基质水样中雌激素的测定. 与其它方法相比, 本方法虽然固相萃取时间长及水样量大, 但检出限低、 富集因子高、 操作简便及费用低, 仍可作为一种可普及的水中痕量雌激素检测方法.     

分散固相萃取-超声辅助分散液液微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定土壤中溴氰菊酯残留

建立了以分散固相萃取-超声辅助分散液液微萃取为样品前处理技术,结合高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定土壤中溴氰菊酯。样品用甲醇∶水(1∶4,V/V)提取,经布氏漏斗减压抽滤,滤液经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、C18、石墨炭黑粉(GCB)净化后,用氯仿萃取,超声,离心后沉积相进行HPLC测定。对分散固相萃取吸附剂的选择及影响分散液液微萃取的因素进行了优化,在最优条件下,溴氰菊酯的富集倍数达到565倍,线性范围为0.005~2.5mg/kg,线性相关系数为0.9998,检出限为0.001mg/kg,平均加标回收率为70.3%~94.5%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~4.7%。该方法具有简便快速、准确灵敏、萃取效率高等特点,可用于土壤中溴氰菊酯残留检测。     

棉花植株中多杀菌素及其代谢物残留量的检测

建立了同时测定棉花植株中杀菌素及其代谢产物残留量的高效液相色谱法。在碱性条件下用甲醇提取棉花植株中的多杀菌素及其代谢产物,改变pH值与液-液萃取结合固相萃取的方法去除杂质,以甲醇和含乙酸铵的乙腈混合溶液作流动相,ODC-C18柱分离,利用紫外检测器检测。在最佳条件下,棉花植株中各组分的平均加标回收率为76.9%~108.0%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~9.9%,最低检出浓度为0.01mg/kg。     

对比液液萃取与固相萃取在气相色谱-串联质谱法检测水中27种半挥发性有机污染物中的应用

以有机氯类、有机磷类、氯酚类、多环芳烃类、氨基甲酸酯类、菊酯类及三嗪类共7类27种半挥发性有机污染物(SVOCs)为研究对象,以气相色谱-串联质谱技术为基础,对27种SVOCs的前处理方法—液液萃取和固相萃取进行了比较。研究发现:液液萃取法成本低,操作相对复杂,一次最多只能保证26种SVOCs(五氯酚需要单独反萃取)的回收率在70%~120%,但五氯酚和菊酯类农药的液液萃取效果要优于固相萃取,适用于少数样品的分类检测分析;而固相萃取自动化程度高,样品重现性好,检测限低,能够同时满足27种目标物的回收率在70%~120%,适合用大批量、多种类的检测分析;可根据实验室条件以及任务要求选择适当的分析方法。     

花生壳活性炭固相萃取/超高效液相色谱法测定河水中的18种多环芳烃

建立了固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(SPE/UPLC-PDA)联用技术测定河水中18种痕量多环芳烃(PAHs)的快速分析方法。通过优化固相萃取条件、流动相体系、色谱条件等因素,7 min内实现了18种多环芳烃的高效分离。在0.05~50 mg/L浓度范围内,18种多环芳烃的浓度与对应峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.999 1~0.999 9,检出限为0.08~2.03 ng/L,样品加标回收率为74.5%~103.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.5%~2.3%。将该方法应用于九龙江流域龙岩段周边水样的检测,结果可靠。该方法简单环保、灵敏准确、操作快速,可显著提高河水中痕量PAHs的分析效率。     

分散固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法测定酱油及食醋中氨基甲酸乙酯

建立了分散固相萃取(d-SPE)/气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)检测酱油和食醋中氨基甲酸乙酯(EC)含量的分析方法。基于不同样品基质的复杂性,以乙腈(酱油)或者乙酸乙酯(食醋)进行液液萃取,经N 丙基乙二胺(PSA)分散固相萃取净化。考察了萃取溶剂的种类、萃取次数和PSA使用量等因素对EC萃取效率和分析效果的影响。在优化实验条件下,EC在10 ~500 μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性系数(r2)为0.999 8。EC在酱油和食醋两种基质中的定量下限均为5.0 μg/kg,不同加标水平下的平均回收率为92.9%~114.3%,相对标准偏差为0.5%~5.3%。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于酱油和食醋中EC含量的测定,具有很好的实际应用价值。     

分散固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法测定酱油及食醋中氨基甲酸乙酯

建立了分散固相萃取(d-SPE)/气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)检测酱油和食醋中氨基甲酸乙酯(EC)含量的分析方法。基于不同样品基质的复杂性,以乙腈(酱油)或者乙酸乙酯(食醋)进行液液萃取,经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)分散固相萃取净化。考察了萃取溶剂的种类、萃取次数和PSA使用量等因素对EC萃取效率和分析效果的影响。在优化实验条件下,EC在10~500μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性系数(r2)为0.999 8。EC在酱油和食醋两种基质中的定量下限均为5.0μg/kg,不同加标水平下的平均回收率为92.9%~114.3%,相对标准偏差为0.5%~5.3%。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于酱油和食醋中EC含量的测定,具有很好的实际应用价值。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.