新型硝基亚甲基类新烟碱化合物的合成及其杀虫活性

以昆虫乙酰胆碱受体为作用靶标的新烟碱类杀虫剂属于高效、高选择性和环境友好的杀虫剂,依据新烟碱类杀虫剂活性与结构关系,以吡虫啉及其类似物NTN32692为先导结构,在咪唑啉环位置并入可以增强分子脂溶性的六元环基团,设计合成了9个未见文献报道的硝基亚甲基类新烟碱化合物,所有目标化合物的结构均经1H NMR、IR和HR-MS测试技术的确证。初步的生物活性测试结果表明,在500 mg/L下所有目标化合物对豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)都有一定的杀死活性,其中活性最高的化合物4对豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)的校正死亡率为73.0%。并对目标化合物5a～5h的合成方法进行了探讨。     

烟碱分子烙印聚合物的吸附特性

利用分子烙印技术，以烟碱为烙印分子，甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂，合成了对烟碱具有特异性作用的分子烙印聚合物P(Nic)；通过平衡吸附实验，评价了其对烟碱的亲和力和选择性。与非烙印聚合物相比，P(Nic)对烟碱表现了很高的亲和力；Scatchard分析表明在P(Nic)中存在对烟碱有不同的亲和力的两类作用位点。通过与氨基吡啶类物质在P(Nic)上的吸附行为比较，表明P(Nic)对烟碱具有很好的选择性。本工作证明了用P(Nic)作为固相萃取(SPE)材料选择性地从烟草烟雾中提取烟碱的可能性。     

基于功能材料的电化学传感器检测新烟碱类杀虫剂的研究进展

基于纳米材料的电化学分析技术已成为快速检测新烟碱类杀虫剂的研究热点。尤其是新型功能材料的应用,对拓宽农药传感器的适用性和增大检测范围具有重要意义。该文以功能材料为核心,梳理了适配体、分子印迹、光电材料、碳纳米材料、有机框架材料等新型功能材料的最新发展,重点阐述了功能材料在构建新烟碱类杀虫剂电化学传感器中的突出作用、优缺点及最新进展,并对基于功能材料的各类新烟碱类杀虫剂电化学传感器的未来发展进行了展望,以期为其深入研究与应用提供参考。     

烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体吡啶基胺类配体的构效关系研究

采用分子动力学模拟退火技术寻找了一类新型烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体吡啶基胺类配体分子的优势构象，用分子力学方法进行了结构优化，再用半经验量子化学方法中的AM1方法进一步优化，并做了电子结构计算.用计算所得物化参数对配体亲和性进行多元线性回归分析，回归结果表明：化合物pKi值与分子最低空轨道能量(ELUMO)、吡啶基所带总电荷(Qp)及分子构象相关.根据计算结果对该类化合物与受体的作用机制和作用位点进行了讨论.     

顺式新烟碱类衍生物的三维定量构效关系研究

采用比较分子力场分析法(CoMFA)和比较分子相似性指数分析法(CoMSIA)对34个顺式新烟碱类衍生物的杀虫活性进行三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)研究.构建的CoMFA和CoMSIA模型的交叉验证系数rc2v分别为0.877和0.862,非交叉验证系数r2分别为0.970和0.961,表明建立的3D-QSAR模型具有较好的统计相关性和预测能力.一系列的研究结果指出:立体场、静电场和氢键受体场是描述顺式新烟碱类衍生物的化学结构与杀虫活性关系的重要参数;在咪唑啉环的3,4位不宜引入较大的取代基,提高咪唑啉环的电负性或增强硝基一个端氧的氢键受体特征有利于提高顺式新烟碱类衍生物的杀虫活性.     

1-取代氨基甲酰基-2-硝基亚氨基咪唑烷的合成

为了寻求开发新的烟碱类杀虫剂,设计、合成了中间体α_氰基异氰酸酯,然后同2_硝基亚氨基咪唑烷缩合制得6个新咪唑烷衍生化合物。同时从硫脲开始,合成了含α_异丙基对氯苯基的双取代硝基胍。经过初步生物活性测定,所有新化合物具有一定的除草杀虫活性,其中化合物6对马唐的苗后抑制达到61%。     

新烟碱类杀虫剂检验方法研究进展

新烟碱类杀虫剂因其广谱杀虫毒性、对哺乳动物的低毒性和施用灵活性等优点，已成为全球应用最广泛的杀虫剂。然而，其大量使用已导致昆虫、鸟类等生物数量的减少，在环境、食品中的残留也给人类健康造成威胁，因此开发有效的检验方法至关重要。本综述概述了新烟碱类杀虫剂的样品前处理和检测方法，前处理方法包括分散液液微萃取法、传统固相萃取法、磁性固相萃取法、分散固相萃取法、QuEChERS法等，检测方法包括高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱联用法、免疫分析法、传感器法等。此外，简要概述了新烟碱类杀虫剂在生态环境、食品安全、人类健康方面的残留风险，并对新烟碱类杀虫剂检验的未来发展方向进行展望，以期为法庭科学领域开展相关检验研究提供参考。     

7,10-位取代喜树碱衍生物的QSAR研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)在杂化泛函B3LYP和基组6-311G(d,p)水平下对7,10-位双取代喜树碱衍生物(CPTs)进行了构型优化,计算出分子的电子结构描述符,利用Chemoffice 8.0软件计算出几个相关的物化描述符;采用逐步多元回归法对该组化合物的抗癌活性与分子描述符之间建立了定量结构-活性关系(QSAR)模型。所建最佳三参数QSAR模型的复相关系数R=0.951;用留一法(leave-one-out,LOO)进行交互检验,得到交互检验系数RCV2=0.778。结果表明,所得QSAR模型具有良好的预测能力,而且影响药物活性的主要因素有化合物分子的结构、最高占据和最低空分子轨道能量差及13-位碳原子的净电荷。     

新型呋喃α-丁烯内酯类化合物的设计、合成及其生物活性研究

近年来,新烟碱杀虫剂的广泛使用不但导致害虫对其抗性逐渐增强,而且其对蜜蜂的毒性影响也越来越受到关注,因此设计合成生态友好型的新烟碱杀虫剂替代品显得迫在眉睫.实验室前期以低蜂毒杀虫剂氟吡呋喃酮的丁烯内酯为骨架,基于骨架相似性搜索发现,新型呋喃α-丁烯内酯骨架具有一定杀蚜活性.基于烟碱乙酰胆碱受体蛋白特征融合经验方法,设计并合成了一系列新型呋喃α-丁烯内酯类化合物.在500μg/m L浓度下对目标化合物进行大豆蚜和桃蚜的杀虫活性测试,结果表明该系列化合物对大豆蚜和桃蚜均表现一定的致死活性,其中(E)-3-((5-(3-氯苯基)呋喃-2-基)亚甲基)-5-甲基呋喃-2(3H)-酮(7bh)和(E)-3-((5-乙基呋喃-2-基)亚甲基)-5-(对甲苯基)呋喃-2(3H)-酮(7ch)对大豆蚜和桃蚜的致死率均达到70%以上,并且7bh对大豆蚜(LC₅₀=70.83μg/mL)和桃蚜(LC₅₀=71.96μg/mL)的杀虫活性与吡蚜酮在同一个数量级.意外发现该类化合物在50μg/m L浓度下对水稻纹枯病菌也表现出一定的离体抑菌活性.分子对接研究推测可能...     

呋虫胺衍生物杀虫活性的理论研究

基于Chem3D Ultra 7.0软件中的MOPAC半经验方法 AM1,计算了13种呋虫胺衍生物的19个量子化学和理化参数(包括ELUMO、EHOMO、△E=ELUMO-EHOMO、QC1、QC2、QN、QN1~QN4、QO、QO、μ、Hf、Ve、E0、Cv、Sm等)。采用最佳变量子集回归方法,建立呋虫胺衍生物对褐飞虱杀虫活性与上述结构参数的定量构效关系模型。结果表明,呋虫胺衍生物对褐飞虱杀虫活性的大小与ELUMO、QN1呈负相关,而与QC2正相关。所建的最优三变量模型具有良好的预报能力(R2=0.928、Rcv2=0.805、Rcv-22=0.797)和较高的稳健性(Radj2、F、VIF、t、AIC和FIT等检验)。设计与预测了4种新颖化合物的杀虫活性,在浓度为500mg/dm3下,它们的杀虫活性预测值均超过115%。所建模型可为化学工作者合成新型高效新烟碱类化合物提供理论参考。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.