光化学合成快速响应聚(N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺-co-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶

通过光化学合成方法分别在高温(50℃)和室温(28℃)下实现了N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA)和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAm)的交联共聚,制备了两种不同结构的P(DMAA-co-NIPAm)共聚物水凝胶.对两种温度下制备的P(DMAA-co-NIPAm)共聚物水凝胶的网络结构、溶胀与消溶胀速率和温度敏感性等方面进行了比较研究.结果发现,50℃下制备的P(DMAA-co-NIPAm)共聚物凝胶具有较为疏松的网络结构和相对较快的溶胀速率及温度响应特性.光化学合成方法较传统的热聚合制备方法具有简便、快捷的特点,合成过程仅需2 min.     

N-取代甲基丙烯酰胺共聚物的合成——苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物与羟基胺氨解反应的研究

通过苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯(St-MMA)共聚物与羟基胺氨解反应,进行线型可溶和交联不溶的两种N-取代甲基丙烯酰胺共聚物的合成。线型可溶性共聚物是将St-MMA聚合所得的产物进行氨解得到;交联小球是通过使St-MMA-DVB悬浮聚合产物氨解制备。为得到具有适度亲水性的共聚物,考察了氨解条件;用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振谱证实发生了氨解反应。实验结果表明,通过控制共聚物的组成比,交联度和氨解度,以期获得具有预想亲水程度的甲基丙烯酰胺共聚物。     

光交联法合成水凝胶的研究

合成了一种新型光敏性功能单体N -肉桂酰氧甲基丙烯酰胺 (CMMAM)及其与丙烯酸 (AA)的共聚物(CMMAM -AA) ,通过光交联法进一步合成水凝胶 .测定了CMMAM和CMMAM -AA聚合物的红外光谱 ,测定了水凝胶的DSC并对它的溶胀性能进行了初步研究     

光交联法合成水凝胶的研究

合成了一种新型光敏性功能单体N -肉桂酰氧甲基丙烯酰胺 (CMMAM)及其与丙烯酸 (AA)的共聚物(CMMAM -AA) ,通过光交联法进一步合成水凝胶 .测定了CMMAM和CMMAM -AA聚合物的红外光谱 ,测定了水凝胶的DSC并对它的溶胀性能进行了初步研究     

一种两性三元共聚物的合成

选用聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)为扩链剂,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸(AMPS)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为主单体,采用水溶液聚合方法合成了两性三元共聚物AM/AMPS/DMC;测定了共聚物的性能,并利用红外光谱研究了其分子结构.结果表明,所合成的共聚物具有良好的耐酸和高温稳定性,以及高抗剪切率.     

键合喹诺酮类药效基团的抗菌聚丙烯酰胺的制备及其抗菌性能

设计合成了两种含喹诺酮类药效基团的新型甲基丙烯酸酯单体,分别将其与丙烯酰胺通过自由基共聚合成了两种共聚物。采用1 H-NMR、13C-NMR、GPC和分光光度计等手段对大单体和共聚物的结构进行了表征。分别测定了这两种甲基丙烯酸酯单体和共聚物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明:这两种共聚物均具有高效的抗菌性能,并且键合环丙沙星的聚丙烯酰胺的抗菌能力明显优于键合吡哌酸的聚丙烯酰胺。     

四烷基胺硅酸盐水溶液的研究

三甲基硅烷化气相色谱(TMS-GC)法研究了四甲基胺、四乙基胺、四丙基胺和四丁基胺硅酸盐水溶液中硅酸根离子聚合状态的分布,并对四甲基胺硅酸盐与硅酸钠溶液中硅酸根离子结构的差异进行了比较,从中得到合成沸石分子筛模板剂的作用原理。     

微波合成3,3’-双叠氮甲基环氧丁烷-3-叠氮甲基-3’-甲基环氧丁烷无规共聚物

以1,4-丁二醇/三氟化硼·乙醚为引发体系,通过阳离子开环共聚合方法合成了3,3’-双溴甲基环氧丁烷-3-溴甲基-3’-甲基环氧丁烷(BBMO-BrMMO)无规共聚物,采用13CNMR进行了结构表征.然后用微波法对BBMO-BrMMO无规共聚物进行大分子叠氮化反应,合成了3,3’-双叠氮甲基环氧丁烷-3-叠氮甲基-3’-甲基环氧丁烷(BAMO-AMMO)无规共聚物,并对叠氮化反应动力学进行了研究.结果表明,BBMO-BrMMO无规共聚物的共聚组成和微观序列分布可以通过调节单体的物质的量配比实现可控性.叠氮化反应速率由相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)的用量控制,反应速率常数为k=48.85L/(mol·h)(TBAB=1%);k=51.95L/(mol·h)(TBAB=5%);k=62.72L/(mol·h)(TBAB=10%).微波法缩短了叠氮化反应时间,提高了合成过程的安全性,并且未改变共聚物的链结构.     

离子液体中AM/AMPS/N8AM三元共聚物的合成及溶液性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为亲水单体, 以N-辛基丙烯酰胺(N8AM)为疏水单体, 在离子液体[bmim]BF4中实现了疏水缔合丙烯酰胺三元共聚物的合成.     

N-（p-羟基苯基）甲基丙烯酰胺的合成与表征

N-芳基取代的甲基丙烯酰胺(结构式如图1所示)是一类非常有用的共聚单体,它们可以与甲基丙烯酸酯或N-取代马来酰亚胺等单体共聚,使共聚物的一些性能,如耐热性、耐水性、透明度、硬度等都有不同程度的改进[1-4].关于N-芳基取代的甲基丙烯酰胺的制备,文献[5-8]曾有报道,通常采用甲基丙烯酰氯与芳基胺在乙醚、苯等溶剂中反应,并加入适当的缚酸剂来完成.而N-(p-羟基苯基)甲基丙烯酰胺(此处R＝OH)是N-芳基取代甲基丙烯酰胺中一种比较特殊的单体,它即含有碳碳双键,又含有酚羟基,属于双官能团物质.关于它的制备及用途,尚未见有文献报道.文献[5]曾报道说,采用对胺基苯酚与甲基丙烯酰氯反应仅能得到甲基丙烯酸(N-(p-甲基丙烯酰胺基)苯酚酯(即酰胺-酯化合物).本文合成出了这种物质,并对其进行了表征和证实;我们推测它与一些单体(如N-取代马来酰亚胺等)的共聚物可以溶于碱性水溶液,并且有好的耐热性,因此在紫外光刻胶中可能有比较大的应用潜力[9-11],有关这方面的内容我们将另文报道.     

Increasing Solid Content in Latexes of Polyacrylamide Nanoparticles Made by Semi-continuous Inverse Heterophase Polymerization

The synthesis of polyacrylamide nanoparticles by semi-continuous inverse heterophase polymerization as a function of feeding rate of monomer aqueous solution is reported here. In this process, a concentrated acrylamide aqueous solution is dosed semi-continuously at various rates over an AOT-toluene solution containing the initiator. Our results indicate that particle size and the viscosimetric molar masses diminish as the dosing rate is slowed down and that smaller particles, as well as lower molar masses, are obtained compared to those produced by batch and semi-continuous microemulsion polymerizations, employing the same concentration of surfactant. Moreover, higher polymer/surfactant ratios are higher compared to those obtained in batch microemulsion polymerization and similar or slightly higher than that in semi-continuous microemulsion polymerization.     

粒径可控阳离子型聚苯乙烯纳米粒子的制备及表征

在采用阳离子型双子（gemini）表面活性剂作为乳化剂,不使用任何助乳化剂的条件下,通过改进微乳液聚合工艺制备了窄分布粒径可控的阳离子型聚苯乙烯（PS）纳米乳液。 改进微乳液聚合的主要特点是：大部分苯乙烯以预乳液的形式恒速滴入引发聚合的微乳液中,使用具有高乳化性能的gemini表面活性剂作为乳化剂能明显降低乳胶粒粒径。 实验结果表明,少量阳离子单体三甲基烯丙基氯化铵作为共聚单体能够明显减小Z均粒径、降低粒度分布,乳化剂用量、引发剂用量和反应温度均能影响制备乳胶粒的粒径及其粒度分布。 乳化剂和引发剂用量分别为苯乙烯质量的5%~10%和1.0%~1.5%、反应温度为70~75 ℃时,能够制备粒径小分布窄的阳离子型聚苯乙烯纳米粒子。 Z均粒径与苯乙烯质量之间的线性关系表明,Z均粒径可以通过苯乙烯用量来控制。 不同聚合工艺下制备的聚合物粒度分布曲线表明,改进微乳液聚合工艺（半连续预乳化工艺）在制备窄分布的聚合物纳米粒子方面具有很强的优越性。     

Improved dewatering behavior of clay minerals dispersions via interfacial chemistry and particle interactions optimization

Orthokinetic flocculation of clay dispersions at pH 7.5 and 22 degrees C has been investigated to determine the influence of interfacial chemistry and shear on dewatering and particle interactions behavior. Modification of pulp chemistry and behavior was achieved by using kaolinite and Na-exchanged (swelling) smectite clay minerals, divalent metal ions (Ca(II), Mn(II)) as coagulants and anionic polyacrylamide copolymer (PAM A) and non-ionic polyacrylamide homopolymer (PAM N) as flocculants. The pivotal role of shear, provided by a two-blade paddle impeller, was probed as a function of agitation rate (100-500 rpm) and time (15/60 s). Particle zeta potential and adsorption isotherms were measured to quantify the interfacial chemistry, whilst rheology and cryogenic SEM were used to investigate particle interactions and floc structure and aggregate network, respectively. Osmotic swelling, accompanied by the formation of "honeycomb" particle network structure and high yield stress, was produced by the Na-exchanged smectite, but not kaolinite, dispersions. Dispersion of the clay particles in 0.05 M Ca(II) or Mn(II) solution led to a marked reduction in particle zeta potential, complete suppression of swelling, honeycomb network structure collapse and a concomitant reduction in shear yield stress of smectite pulps. Optimum conditions for improved, orthokinetic flocculation performance of negatively charged clay particles, reflecting faster settling flocs comprised (i) coagulation, (ii) moderate agitation rate, (iii) shorter agitation time, and (iv) anionic rather than non-ionic PAM. The optimum dewatering rates were significantly higher than those produced by standard, manual-mixing flocculation techniques (plunging and cylinder inversion) commonly used in industry for flocculant trials. The optimum flocculation conditions did not, however, have a significant impact on the final sediment solid content of 20-22 wt%. Further application of shear to pre-sedimented pulps improved consolidation by 5-7 wt% solid. Higher shear yield stresses and greater settling rates were displayed by PAM A based than PAM N based pulps and this is attributed to the former's more expanded interfacial conformation and greater clay particles bridging ability. It appears that the intrinsic clay particles' physico-chemical properties and interactions limit compact pulp consolidation.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrogel Nanoparticles Through Inverse Microemulsion Polymerization of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic Acid

Nanosized hydrogel particles prepared through inverse microemulsion polymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, using the combination of an oil soluble emulsifier (SPAN80) with a water soluble emulsifier (TWEEN 80), and precise determination of HLB range related to the formation of stable single phase microemulsions.

The effect of crosslink density, water phase to oil phase ratio, and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value on polymerization rate, particle size, and swelling ratio were investigated. It found that polymerization rate and particle size are strongly dependent on the water phase to oil phase ratio. Hydrogel samples prepared using oil soluble and water soluble initiators and the results showed that the initiator type had a great influence on monomer conversion and particle size. Effect of pH on equilibrium swelling of hydrogels was studied by dynamic light scattering and hydrogels showed pH-independent swelling behavior in a broad range of pH values. We also reported and discussed the crosslink density distribution in nanogels prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization.     

微乳液聚合制备透明丙烯酸酯多孔共聚物

多孔聚丙烯酸酯;引发;微乳液聚合制备透明丙烯酸酯多孔共聚物     

阳离子型可聚合咪唑类离子液体-丙烯酰胺共聚物的制备及其对盐酸腐蚀碳钢缓蚀行为

利用阳离子型可聚合离子液体1-丙烯酰氧乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐与丙烯酰胺的反相微乳液共聚合,制备了阳离子型咪唑类离子液体-丙烯酰胺共聚物缓蚀剂,并探讨了其缓蚀性能。研究了不同阳离子度、不同浓度聚合物溶液的缓蚀性能以及吸附时间对盐酸腐蚀碳钢速率的影响,并初步讨论了缓蚀机理。研究表明,该种阳离子型缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率可达90%以上;缓蚀剂的缓蚀能力不仅取决于缓蚀剂的阳离子度,还取决于该种缓蚀剂的相对分子质量;缓蚀效率并非简单地随聚合物浓度的增加而提高,当聚合物溶液的浓度过高时,反而会使缓蚀效率下降;随吸附时间的延长,碳钢的腐蚀速率逐渐降低,约40 h后基本保持不变;加入缓蚀剂有效抑制了酸对铁的腐蚀,随缓蚀效率的提高,碳钢表面的粗糙程度明显降低,孔洞结构减少。     

微米级单分散共聚物微球的制备

用分散聚合法制备了苯乙烯 甲基丙烯酸甲酯微米级单分散共聚物微球 ,粒径为 5 4 μm .将分散聚合体系与乳液聚合体系进行了比较 ,并对共聚物微球的形貌、粒径分布及共聚情况进行了表征研究 .     

AM/(2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)三甲基氯化铵/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙基磺酸钠的反相微乳液共聚合动力学研究

通过实验绘制了失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯(Span20)-聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单脂酸酯(Tween80)复配乳化剂、丙烯酰胺、(2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)三甲基氯化铵、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙基磺酸钠和环己烷的拟三元相图.采用过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原引发剂,通过动力学研究,得到了聚合反应的表观活化能为68.10 kJ/mol,并分别得到了聚合速率与产物特性粘数的动力学关系式Rp∝[M]1.74[APS]0.60[E]-1.28,[η]∝[M]0.78[APS]-0.23[E]-0.71,分析了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、乳化剂浓度对共聚合反应速率Rp和共聚物特性粘数[η]作用及影响的原因,在动力学研究的基础上初步探讨了聚合机理.     

SYNTHESIS OF MACROPOROUS POLYACRYLAMIDE AND POLY(NISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE) MONOLITHS VIA FRONTAL POLYMERIZATION AND INVESTIGATION OF PORE STRUCTURE VARIATION OF MONOLITHS

A novelty method,frontal polymerization(FP),was employed to directly produce a series of polyacrylamide (PAM),poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM) and acrylamide-N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer macroporous monoliths. Field emission scanning electronic microscope and mercury intrusion method were adopted to measure some parameters of these monoliths,such as frame,pore size distribution as well as porosity.Effects of types of monomer,thicker and surfactant on porous structure of monoliths were studied.A var...     

聚硅氧烷/丙烯酸酯核/壳复合胶乳的粒径分布与成核机理

通过种子乳液法合成出具有高有机硅含量核 壳结构的聚硅氧烷 丙烯酸酯复合粒子 .研究了聚合方法、乳化剂浓度、引发剂浓度、单体滴加速度等工艺条件对复合乳液粒径尺寸、分布与形态的影响 ,并对复合乳液的成核机理进行了探讨 .研究表明 ,乳化剂浓度对乳液粒子的粒径分布和形态、结构有显著影响 ,引发剂浓度增加将使粒子粒径减小 ;相对一次投料法 ,种子乳液法生成的粒子分布窄 ,具有明显核壳结构 ,通过壳层单体滴加速度可以控制粒子的粒径尺寸和分布 ;而壳层丙烯酸酯聚合物主要是在聚硅氧烷种子表面的“过渡层”聚合、富集而成 .