基于CRISPR/Cas的生物传感平台在分子诊断中的应用

簇状规则间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)和CRISPR相关蛋白(Cas)不仅在基因工程领域炙手可热,而且正发展成为核酸精准检测领域的新利器.得益于Cas蛋白对核酸序列的特异性识别以及部分Cas蛋白的附属切割活性,Ⅱ类CRISPR/Cas系统在体外诊断及现场即时检测领域独具优势.该综述简要介绍了CRISPR/Cas系统...     

CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑非病毒递送系统

规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列及相关蛋白9(CRISPR/Cas9)系统的基因编辑技术为哺乳细胞基因组的精准修饰与编辑研究提供了高效、快捷的工具,但其化学生物学应用依然面临着CRISPR基因编辑工具Cas9蛋白和g RNA的细胞及活体递送等问题.近年来,研究人员通过开发多种非病毒递送载体,实现了编码CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑工具的DNA和信使RNA(mRNA)以及Cas9/gRNA核糖核蛋白(RNP)复合物的递送,并应用于靶基因的化学修饰与编辑调控.本文主要概述了近期CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑递送的研究进展,并对其化学生物学应用前景进行了展望.     

非病毒基因编辑CRISPR/Cas9递送载体的研究进展

基因编辑技术是指能对目标基因片段进行编辑,包括敲除、敲入等。近年来,基因编辑技术得到了很大的发展,包括规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)/CRISPR相关蛋白9(Cas9)在内的一系列基因编辑技术受到了广泛的关注。CRISPR/Cas9主要利用限制性内切酶,在蛋白或RNA的引导下,使目标位置的DNA双链断裂,在治疗基因表达异常引起的疾病方面表现出了巨大的潜力。应用这项技术进行基因编辑的关键点之一是,必须要将相关的蛋白或核酸高效地递送到细胞核中。相对于病毒载体,非病毒载体在安全性及规模化生产方面表现出了更高的优越性,是目前基因编辑递送载体发展的重点。本文对近期基因编辑CRISPR/Cas9非病毒递送载体的重要进展进行综述,介绍了非病毒载体的优势,在非病毒载体体系中,着重介绍脂质体和高分子载体在CRISPR/Cas9技术应用中的近期进展,并展望了非病毒CRISPR/Cas9递送载体在未来的发展方向。     

化学调控CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的研究进展

规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白9(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9, CRISPR/Cas9)基因编辑技术作为一项基因工程领域革新式的技术,为癌症、遗传性疾病及感染性疾病等多种重大疾病的治疗提供了极大的帮助.但如何在特定细胞和组织中实现时空调控的精准基因编辑,进而避免脱靶效应,依然是该技术在临床转化领域面临的重要挑战.近年来,通过化学分子和反应实现对CRISPR/Cas9活性的调控已经成为提升这项基因编辑技术效率的重要手段之一.本文综合评述了一些最近报道的化学调控CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑的方法,并对其在临床医学领域的应用前景进行了展望.     

基于小分子化学反应工具构建CRISPR-Cas9功能调控体系的研究进展

CRISPR技术是目前基因编辑领域的一大研究热点,已在疾病治疗、作物改良等领域得到广泛的应用,CRISPR-Cas9系统是其中研究最为深入的一种类型.如何降低Cas9/sgRNA复合物在细胞内作用的脱靶性是CRISPR-Cas9技术发展面临的主要挑战之一.利用光或活性小分子诱发的小分子化学反应工具构建CRISPRCas9功能调控体系,通过对sgRNA, Cas9或Cas9/sgRNA复合物的功能进行调控,可以在细胞乃至活体水平上一定程度实现对CRISPR-Cas9作用的时间或空间特异性的操纵,大大降低非特异性基因编辑作用发生的概率,同时小分子对原体系的干扰较小,因此小分子化学反应逐渐成为操纵CRISPR-Cas9体系的一种重要的研究工具.本文总结和介绍了小分子反应工具用于CRISPR-Cas9功能调控系统构建的主要研究进展,并对其未来的发展进行了展望.     

非病毒CRISPR/Cas9系统载体的研究进展

近年来,规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats sequences, CRISPR)/CRISPR相关蛋白9(CRISPR associated protein 9, Cas9)基因编辑系统已经成为生物医学基础研究中最强大的技术之一.但是如何将CRISPR/Cas9系统高效地递送至靶器官或细胞仍是一个巨大的挑战.随着非病毒载体的快速发展,基于脂质体、聚合物、无机纳米粒子等化学方法的纳米载体已经显现出巨大的应用潜力.本文首先对CRISPR/Cas9系统在疾病建模和疾病治疗中的应用潜力以及其局限性进行了阐述,然后分析了以质粒DNA、mRNA或蛋白质形式递送CRISPR/Cas9系统的优缺点并详细概述了已经出现的非病毒载体,最后总结了当前非病毒载体在递送CRISPR/Cas9系统过程中面临的关键障碍,并提出了有望克服这些障碍的策略.     

基于CRISPR的生物分析化学技术

CRISPR(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)技术是一种革命性的基因编辑和调控工具,问世之后迅速成为了生物医学领域的前沿热点,广泛用于基因功能研究和治疗。CRISPR具有优异的序列识别性质,核酸切割能力,并且易于编程设计改造,在生物分析化学领域展示出独特的魅力,在病毒检测、临床诊断和单细胞成像分析等方面都取得了突破性进展。目前基于CRISPR技术的检测方法种类繁多,本文综述了CRISPR-Cas分析检测方法的研究进展,并且展望了该技术的发展趋势。     

CRISPR纳米递送研究获进展

正近日,中科院国家纳米科学中心研究员蒋兴宇、郑文富带领的课题组发表了非病毒纳米载体递送的研究成果。他们开发了一系列非病毒的纳米载体,这些非病毒纳米载体可高效递送CRISPR/Cas9系统到体内,为拓展这一强大基因编辑技术在生命科学和临床领域的应用提供了新途径。相关成果近日发表于德国《应用化学》。     

基于CRISPR/Cas技术的传染性病原精准便携化检测系统

以核酸为检测靶向的分子诊断方法是传染性病原体检测的金标准,但将其应用于便携化或现场快速诊断时仍存在多种限制和挑战,如特异性差、操作繁琐和便携化难等。规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列（CRISPR）/CRISPR相关蛋白（Cas）-荧光检测方法有望大幅提升核酸识别的特异性和信噪比。本研究开发了环介导等温扩增（LAMP）-CRISPR/Cas-便携化灰度读取仪检测系统。在CRISPR RNA (crRNA)存在下,利用CRISPR/Cas12a体系实现了对自主设计的甲型和乙型流感病毒核酸LAMP扩增反应体系的精准荧光检测,验证了CRISPR/Cas体系的高选择性和通用性。配套自主开发的便携化灰度读取仪,可同时实现荧光信号的低成本采集和高可靠性可视化判读,检测结束后直接输出样品的阳/阴性结果。利用本检测系统对实际样本进行了分析,验证了其可靠性和实用性,证明了本系统能够实现流感病毒的高灵敏、高特异性便携化分析。     

病原微生物的核酸检测分析研究进展

2019年12月,全球爆发新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(COVID-19),使生物安全面临着巨大危机。病原微生物的快速、准确、低成本检测是保障生物安全的重要组成元素之一,是疫情预防、控制和诊断的关键。本综述介绍了核酸测序技术、等温扩增技术和基因编辑技术(CRISPR/Cas)于便携式一体化设备中的应用,为研发"低成本,高效率,结果可视化"集成式检测方法提供了可能性,旨在为病原微生物的有效防控提供保障。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.