聚丙交酯/聚乙二醇多嵌段共聚物的合成及其性能

聚丙交酯 (ＰＬＬＡ)由于具有良好的生物降解性和生物相容性 ,在医学领域已经得到了广泛的临床应用 ,近来又被制备成细胞支架大量应用于组织工程中[1,2 ] ,但由于其疏水性而造成细胞亲和性不好 .聚乙二醇 (ＰＥＧ)具有良好的亲水性 ,良好的生物相容性 ,但是ＰＥＧ是非降解性的 ,只有低分子量的ＰＥＧ可以被吞噬细胞所吞噬或透过肾滤膜而排出体外 ,因此 ,低分子量的ＰＥＧ常被用来与丙交酯 (Ｌ ＬＡ)共聚以改善ＰＬＬＡ支架的亲水性 .聚丙交酯 聚乙二醇共聚物 (ＰＬＥ)的三嵌段及两嵌段共聚物的合成及其性能的研究已被广泛报道[3～ 5] .研究…     

生物降解高分子--聚己内酯/聚氧乙烯/聚丙交酯三元共聚物水解行为的研究

以异辛酸亚锡为催化剂,通过聚乙二醇醚(PEG)引发ε-己内酯和L-丙交酯开环聚合,制备了PCL/PEO/PLA三元共聚物.研究了聚合物在pH7.4磷酸缓冲溶液、37℃条件下的体外降解行为.采用GPC、1H-NMR、DSC和XRD技术研究了聚合物在水解降解过程中分子量、分子量分布、组成、吸水率、结晶性等的变化.结果表明共聚物的吸水率随聚醚组分含量而增大;随水解材料的失重率增大,聚醚组分含量下降程度也加大.此外研究还表明:聚合物中丙交酯组分含量高时,聚合物的结晶结构主要由PLLA形成.由于聚合物的水解降解首先发生在无定形区和结晶区边缘,随着共聚物的降解、结晶性的PLLA低聚物的生成,导致了共聚物的分子量呈双峰分布.     

生物降解高分子——聚己内酯/聚氧乙烯/聚丙交酯三元共聚物水解行为的研究

以异辛酸亚锡为催化剂 ,通过聚乙二醇醚 (PEG)引发ε 己内酯和L 丙交酯开环聚合 ,制备了PCL/PEO/PLA三元共聚物 .研究了聚合物在 pH7 4磷酸缓冲溶液、37℃条件下的体外降解行为 .采用GPC、1H NMR、DSC和XRD技术研究了聚合物在水解降解过程中分子量、分子量分布、组成、吸水率、结晶性等的变化 .结果表明共聚物的吸水率随聚醚组分含量而增大 ;随水解材料的失重率增大 ,聚醚组分含量下降程度也加大 .此外研究还表明 :聚合物中丙交酯组分含量高时 ,聚合物的结晶结构主要由PLLA形成 .由于聚合物的水解降解首先发生在无定形区和结晶区边缘 ,随着共聚物的降解、结晶性的PLLA低聚物的生成 ,导致了共聚物的分子量呈双峰分布     

AB型两亲聚L-谷氨酸-苄酯-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

利用L 谷氨酸和苯甲醇反应制备了L 谷氨酸 苄酯 ,然后将其与三聚光气反应制备了N 羧基 L 谷氨酸 环内酸酐 (NCA) .以聚乙二醇单甲醚 (MPEG)为原料 ,制备了端氨基聚乙二醇单甲醚 (MPEG NH2 ) ,并以此作为引发剂 ,引发NCA开环聚合 ,合成了不同分子量的聚L 谷氨酸 苄酯 聚乙二醇单甲醚 (PBGM )嵌段共聚物 .利用IR、1 H NMR、DSC、GPC等方法对共聚物结构进行了表征 .结果表明 ,MPEG NH2 引发NCA开环聚合得到的是嵌段共聚物 ,通过1 H NMR谱得到共聚物组成及数均分子量 ;随着共聚物中MPEG含量的增高 ,聚L 谷氨酸 苄酯的亲水性有所改善     

聚碳酸1,2-丙二酯的碱催化水解研究

研究了高分子量聚碳酸1,2-丙二酯的碱催化水解反应,并通过核磁共振谱仪和气相色谱质谱联用仪对降解反应产物的解析,发现碱催化聚碳酸1,2-丙二酯水解是无规断链反应和解拉链反应共同作用的结果.结果表明高分子量聚碳酸1,2-丙二酯的碱催化水解是制备低分子量聚碳酸1,2-丙二酯的方法之一.     

聚dl-丙交酯/羟基磷灰石复合材料Ⅲ.体内外降解性能研究

研究了聚dl 丙交酯 /羟基磷灰石复合材料在体内外降解中力学强度、分子量、重量及微观形貌的变化。体内降解是将聚dl 丙交酯 /羟基磷灰石 (40mm× 3mm× 2mm)植入兔子皮下软组织内 ;体外降解是将试样 (40mm× 6mm× 2mm)浸入到pH为 7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液 (3 7± 0 .2℃ )中 ,试样定时取出并进行各项性能测试。研究发现聚dl 丙交酯 /羟基磷灰石复合材料在体内外降解中分子量、力学性能首先大幅度下降 ,重量损失滞后 ,体内降解速率稍快于体外 ,但均为简单本体水解 ;羟基磷灰石延缓了复合材料的降解速率。SEM显示聚dl 丙交酯 /羟基磷灰石块状材料内部降解与吸收速率快于表层 ,表现为“双态降解”特征。     

定量体积排除色谱测定高分子双水相系统的组成和分子量分布

利用定量体积排除色谱研究葡聚糖-聚乙二醇双水相系统相分离后上下两相中2种高分子组分的含量、分子量和分子量分布.由定量体积排除色谱法得到的两相组成(即系线端点)与用浊点滴定法得到的浊点曲线几乎完全重合,二者仅在靠近临界点的聚乙二醇富集相有一定偏差.同时,利用体积排除色谱测得两相中葡聚糖和聚乙二醇的分子量和分子量分布.结果表明,由系线端点得到的体系两相共存线与浊点曲线的偏差是由于相分离过程中,不同分子量的高分子组分在两相的非均匀分配造成的.聚乙二醇分子量分布较窄,发生相分离后,在两相的分子量和分子量分布相差不大.而葡聚糖分子量分布较宽,在相分离后两相中的分子量和分子量分布具有较大差异,即葡聚糖组分在葡聚糖富集相中的分子量显著高于其在聚乙二醇富集相中的分子量.随着葡聚糖-聚乙二醇体系初始浓度的增加,两相中葡聚糖的分子量差异变大.定量体积排除色谱可以准确得到高分子双水相系统的相平衡数据及两相中2组分的分子量和分子量分布信息,其结果不仅为深入理解葡聚糖-聚乙二醇-水三元溶液的相平衡提供基础,而且为双水相系统在萃取分离中的应用提供理论指导.     

PCL-PEG-PCL嵌段共聚物的合成与性能

研究了氮气保护下，以辛酸亚锡和聚乙二醇为共引发剂，引发ε－己内酯的开环聚合反应。在聚乙二醇（PEG）链段分子量保持不变的情况下，全盛了不同分子量聚己丙酯链段的PCL－PEG－PCL三嵌段共聚物，以及不同分子量PEG链段而聚己内酯链段相同的嵌段共聚物。采用GPC、DSC、FTIR、^1H-NMR及吸水性测试等分析手段表征了共聚物的结构和性能。结果表明聚合反应为可控反应，可通过调整聚乙二醇与ε－己内酯的比例来控制聚合物的分子量；聚乙二醇组分的引入有效地改善了聚合物的亲水性，并破坏了其结晶性。     

聚乳酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸三嵌段共聚物的降解性能

以辛酸亚锡为引发剂,聚乙二醇大分子为共引发剂进行现交酯开环聚合,制备了系列聚乳酸（PLA）－聚乙二醇（PEG）－聚乳酸（PLA）三嵌段共聚物。从共聚物在生理盐水 中降解时特性粘度[η],质量和热行为的变化,考察了PEG分子量和丙交酯／PEG（摩尔比）对共聚物降解行为的影响,结果表明,PEG嵌段对共聚物的降解速率有重要影响,丙交酯／PEG一定时,PEG分子量越大,共聚物越容易降解,PEG嵌段长度一定时,丙交酯／PEG越大,共聚物降解速率越小。     

结肠靶向偶氮高分子的合成及其体外降解性能

以二环己基碳酰亚胺/N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶为偶联剂,将结肠前体药物5,5′-偶氮二水杨酸(奥沙拉秦)与生物相容的聚乙二醇缩聚,制备得到主链含偶氮键的聚乙二醇-奥沙拉秦(PEO-OLZ)缩聚物.研究表明,改变聚乙二醇链段的分子量,可以方便地调节偶氮缩聚合物的亲水性和生物降解性能.在动物盲肠液中所含的偶氮还原酶的作用下,PEO-OLZ缩聚物的偶氮键发生特异性降解,同时通过酯键的水解,释放出抗结肠炎药物5-氨基水杨酸.该类新型偶氮缩聚物可以作为结肠靶向聚合物前体药,亦可用作结肠定位控释的高分子载体.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.