纳米/微米碳酸钙的结构表征和热分解行为

采用棕榈酸对纳米碳酸钙进行有机表面改性, 运用SEM﹑TEM、XRD、FTIR 及TG-DTG 对表面改性前后的纳米碳酸钙进行表征, 并与微米碳酸钙的微晶结构及热分解特性进行比较. FTIR 分析结果确证了棕榈酸与纳米碳酸钙表面是以化学键合和物理吸附方式相结合, 粒子表面存在羧基等有机官能团的红外吸收特征. 对比研究发现, 碳酸钙微晶纳米化后, 其红外V3特征吸收峰出现约35 cm-1 的蓝移现象, 并且明显窄化. 初步解释了纳米碳酸钙红外吸收峰蓝移的原因, 认为尺寸效应和晶体场效应是影响纳米碳酸钙红外光谱特征的主要因素. 微晶结构的变化使得纳米碳酸钙的热分解反应表现出反常特性, 热分解温度较微米碳酸钙下降了40.6 ℃.     

焦磷酸钠对液相碳化法制备纳米碳酸钙形貌的影响

利用液相碳化法制备了不同形态的纳米碳酸钙颗粒，用TEM、XRD和IR等手段分析表征了纳米碳酸钙的形态和结构，研究了焦磷酸钠对液相碳化法制备纳米碳酸钙合成过程及颗粒形态结构的影响规律。结果表明反应温度是影响纳米碳酸钙形态的关键因素，温度升高时纳米碳酸钙由立方形转变为纺锤形。焦磷酸钠能够促进碳酸钙的晶体成核，抑制晶体生长，在碳化温度大30 ℃时生成链状和棒状的纳米碳酸钙。另外，还分析了链状和棒状纳米碳酸钙的形成机理。     

聚合物/纳米碳酸钙复合材料的制备

提出了一种制备聚合物/碳酸钙复合材料的技术.即先将纳米碳酸钙粒子在温和条件下分散到水溶液中,再在较弱的外场作用下混合分散到聚合物熔体中,使用此方法制备的4种典型聚合物(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯和聚脂)的纳米复合材料,通过扫描电镜观察纳米粒子以纳米尺寸均匀分布于树脂基体中.聚碳酸酯复合材料的相对分子质量变化不大,而且复合材料的某些力学性能有所提高,证明此种方法可用于极性与非极性聚合物制备纳米复合材料.     

纳米碳酸钙微观特征及其促进燃煤脱硫特性研究

为了研究纳米碳酸钙和纳米添加剂在促进燃煤脱硫中的特性,在ZCS-1智能测硫仪中进行纳米碳酸钙脱硫实验研究。结果表明,在炉温900℃、钙硫比为2的条件下,脱硫效率高达90%;1 150℃时达到50%以上。三种纳米碳酸钙的脱硫效果明显好于普通碳酸钙。研究还表明,粒径越小,脱硫效果越好;不同煤种对脱硫效率有较大影响,主要和煤中硫分的含量和硫的分布形态有关;温度是决定脱硫效果的主要因素,900℃下效果最好,超过1 100℃后效果明显下降。SEM和BET分析结果表明,纳米碳酸钙促进脱硫主要是由于其较为丰富的孔隙结构。添加纳米Al2O3和纳米ZnO都能在一定程度上促进纳米碳酸钙脱硫。其中,纳米Al2O3的效果较好,1 150℃能使脱硫效率提高20%左右,达到62%以上。     

具有包藏结构的三元聚丙烯纳米复合材料结构与性能关系的研究

制备了一种新型聚丙烯 丁苯橡胶 纳米碳酸钙三元纳米复合材料 .研究结果显示 ,复合材料中的大多数纳米碳酸钙粒子被包藏在丁苯橡胶中 ,并与之共同形成分散于聚丙烯树脂中的分散相 ,这种聚丙烯纳米复合材料具有高刚性、高韧性、高耐热性和高的结晶速率 .系统研究了成核剂苯甲酸钠的加入和纳米碳酸钙的用量对该类纳米复合材料相态结构、结晶形态和结晶动力学的影响 ,以及具有包藏结构的分散相粒径和PP中β晶含量对材料性能的影响 .结果表明 ,苯甲酸钠的加入和纳米碳酸钙用量的提高均可使体系中分散相粒径减小 ,结晶速率加快 ,进而使材料的韧性、刚性和耐热性提高 .     

一种杂化型分散剂对纳米碳酸钙分散作用的研究

本文制备了一种有机无机杂化型分散剂,该分散剂由聚(丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵-丙烯酸钠)(P(DAC-AAS))与多金属簇硅钨酸H4O40Si W12·x H2O(Si W12)通过静电相互作用复合得到。研究了该类分散剂应用于纳米碳酸钙水溶液的分散过程,并使用动态光散射法进行监测。与此同时运用红外光谱及热重分析对包覆改性前后的纳米碳酸钙进行了表征,结果显示分散剂通过吸附和化学键合来包覆改性纳米碳酸钙。     

表面活性剂对纳米CaCO3形貌的调控

分别在AOT／异辛烷／水、CTAB／环己烷／水和OP-10／环己烷／水三种不同的反胶束体系中合成出具有不同形貌的纳米碳酸钙，讨论了表面活性剂的类型以及溶剂热过程对纳米碳酸钙的形貌及尺寸的影响．     

接枝改性碳酸钙及其在聚合物中的应用研究

介绍了近年来碳酸钙表面接枝改性的研究进展,讨论了自由基接枝聚合、辐照接枝聚合和力化学表面接枝聚合及偶联剂预处理与辐照并用接枝聚合改性方法。其中重点讨论了最新研究的偶联剂预处理与辐照并用接枝改性纳米碳酸钙的方法。用此方法制备的聚合物/纳米碳酸钙纳米复合材料在其他力学性能基本不变的情况下,大幅度提高了其缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率。指出了碳酸钙表面接枝改性应向着提高接枝单体量和采用弹性体单体方面发展。     

马来酸酐(MAH)表面改性纳米碳酸钙粉体的制备及表面性能

通过在两相法制备纳米碳酸钙的过程中添加一定量的马来酸酐(MAH)的方法，在纳米碳酸钙的表面引入羧基、羟基、双键等活性基团对纳米碳酸钙进行表面改性，并通过调节马来酸酐的用量，有效地控制纳米碳酸钙的极性和表面能。接触角实验结果表明，当马来酸酐的加入量为2%时可以获得界面性能最理想的改性纳米碳酸钙。还在此基础上提出了马来酸酐(MAH)对纳米碳酸钙进行表面改性的过程机理，并以SEM，ATR-FTIR和TGA等手段对上述过程机理进行了验证。     

纳米碳酸钙粒子在硅酮密封胶中的增强作用

纳米复合材料以其优异的性能已引起人们的广泛兴趣 [1～ 4 ] .硅酮胶广泛应用于建筑玻璃件的粘接 .粘接的强度取决于胶的化学组分、配方、增强剂的种类和用量等 .碳酸钙纳米粒子以其独有的特性被用作硅酮胶的增强剂 ,极大提高了胶的拉伸强度、模量和硬度 .深入研究纳米碳酸钙粒子的增强机理与基体的界面作用 ,对于进一步提高硅酮胶的性能 ,从分子和界面的角度设计硅酮胶的结构具有重要的理论和实际意义 [5,6 ] .本文选用不同粒径的 3种活性纳米碳酸钙 ,研究粒径大小和用量对硅酮胶力学性能和分子运动的影响 ,探索纳米碳酸钙粒子的增强作用机…     

游离胆红素与固体碳酸钙的相互作用

应用红外光谱的方法研究了溶液中游离胆红素与固体碳酸钙的相互作用,探讨了色素型胆结石的形成机理.研究结果表明,溶液中游离的胆红素可以与固体碳酸钙作用,游离胆红素通过与固体碳酸钙表面的钙作用生成难溶性的胆红素钙络合物.牛磺胆酸钠、胆酸钠和脱氧胆酸钠的加入能阻止游离胆红素与碳酸钙的作用,其中加入牛磺胆酸钠后,游离胆红素几乎不与碳酸钙作用.     

改性硝酸铵爆轰安全性研究 Ⅰ.CaCO3和MgSO4对硝酸铵爆轰安全性的影响

将碳酸钙和硫酸镁改性的硝酸铵按照工业炸药配方配制成铵油(ANFO)炸药，以8号雷管起爆，对硝酸铵的爆轰安全性进行了评价。采用恒温热分解和示差扫描量热法，研究了改性硝酸铵及铵油炸药的热分解行为。测定了改性硝酸铵的比表面积以解释爆轰结果。得出如下结论：硝酸铵含40％的碳酸钙，或25％碳酸钙和5％硫酸镁的混合物，所配制的铵油炸药不能被8号雷管起爆。碳酸钙同硝酸铵发生复分解反应放出NH3、H2O和CO2气体，反应程度与碳酸钙的含量、温度和时间成正比。虽然硝酸铵中加入碳酸钙后提高了ANFO炸药的热稳定性，但由于上述气体的逸出增加了改性硝酸铵的比表面积。因此，在硝酸铵中加入少量的碳酸钙不能达到爆轰安全性的要求。硫酸镁与硝酸铵形成复盐，可减缓硝酸铵和碳酸钙之间复分解反应的速度．有利于降低硝酸铵的起爆感度。     

Calcium Carbonate Polyamorphism and Its Role in Biomineralization: How Many Amorphous Calcium Carbonates Are There?

Although the polymorphism of calcium carbonate is well known, and its polymorphs—calcite, aragonite, and vaterite—have been highly studied in the context of biomineralization, polyamorphism is a much more recently discovered phenomenon, and the existence of more than one amorphous phase of calcium carbonate in biominerals has only very recently been understood. Here we summarize what is known about polyamorphism in calcium carbonate as well as what is understood about the role of amorphous calcium carbonate in biominerals. We show that consideration of the amorphous forms of calcium carbonate within the physical notion of polyamorphism leads to new insights when it comes to the mechanisms by which polymorphic structures can evolve in the first place. This not only has implications for our understanding of biomineralization, but also of the means by which crystallization may be controlled in medical, pharmaceutical, and industrial contexts.     

Determination of calcium oxide in calcined phosphate ores

It has been shown that an existing procedure to differentiate calcium oxide from the carbonate and silicate of calcium can be used in the presence of the phosphate, fluoride and sulphate of calcium, and of the carbonate and oxide of magnesium. It is based on the reaction in aqueous solution of calcium oxide with sucrose to form calcium saccharate, and subsequent titration with oxalic acid solution. The method has application for a direct chemical determination of calcium oxide in phosphate rock where calcination of accompanying carbonate is necessary in beneficiation processes.     

On the structure of amorphous calcium carbonate--a detailed study by solid-state NMR spectroscopy

The calcium carbonate phases calcite, aragonite, vaterite, monohydrocalcite (calcium carbonate monohydrate), and ikaite (calcium carbonate hexahydrate) were studied by solid-state NMR spectroscopy ( (1)H and (13)C). Further model compounds were sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, and calcium hydroxide. With the help of these data, the structure of synthetically prepared additive-free amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) was analyzed. ACC contains molecular water (as H 2O), a small amount of mobile hydroxide, and no hydrogencarbonate. This supports the concept of ACC as a transient precursor in the formation of calcium carbonate biominerals.     

Regulation of Microstructure of Calcium Carbonate Crystals by Egg White Protein

Crystal growth of calcium carbonate in biological simulation was investigated via egg white protein with different volume fractions,during which calcium carbonate was synthesized by calcium chloride an...     

无机钙材料在石灰岩文物表面防护中的应用

由于碳酸盐矿物的质地特点,石灰岩文物在露天环境中极易发生表面溶蚀,其上赋存文化信息的文字、纹饰和符号等雕刻痕迹也随之湮灭,对其文物价值造成了严重减损。从耐候性和兼容性角度考虑,无机保护材料显然更适合于石灰岩文物的表面防护处理。近年来,基于草酸钙、磷灰石和碳酸钙等钙基材料的石灰岩文物表面防护研究逐渐兴起并开始走向应用。本文就上述钙基保护材料的特点、防护膜制备和应用实践等做了归纳和评述,以期为石灰岩文物保护研究提供参考和借鉴。     

The influence of stabilizing agents on the interaction between styrene/butadiene latex and calcium carbonate: a calorimetric and a dynamic electrokinetic study

The role of stabilizing agents in the interaction between styrene/butadiene latex and calcium carbonate particles has been studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and an electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA) technique. It is demonstrated that the polyacrylate sodium salt (dispersing agent, referred to as NaPA) used as stabilizing agent for the calcium carbonate suspensions principally affects the interfacial properties of the calcite surface. An electrostatic barrier is created and this decreases the attractive interactions between the latex and the negatively charged mineral surface. The total enthalpy change observed when an emulsion of styrene/butadiene particles substantially free from surfactant was added to the dispersed calcium carbonate could be described via a relatively complex path. The process included (i) an exothermic response from the association of the latex particles (adsorption process) with the dispersed calcium carbonate surface and (ii) an endothermic bulk phase effect due to the adsorption on the latex particles of dissolved species originating from the calcium carbonate. Stabilization of the latex particles with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) or a non-ionic fatty alcohol ethoxylate surfactant did not significantly change the enthalpy of interaction. It was further demonstrated that SDBS had a very weak affinity for the dispersed calcium carbonate particles and that dissolution of species, such as calcium ions, from the calcium carbonate surface, allows further adsorption of SDBS onto the latex particles.     

纳米碳酸钙的表面改性研究

纳米产品(材料)是当今世界高科技产品之一.纳米碳酸钙作为粉体产品中的一种,以高纯、超细、改性和功能性为标志,广泛应用于橡胶、塑料、造纸、油墨、涂料、医药、化妆品等各行各业[1-2].主要用作填充材料,因粒度超细、分散性好,可以增加填充量,降低制品成本,改善制品性能,提高制品档次,拓宽制品使用范围.近年来,随着CaCO3的超细化、结构复杂化及表面改性技术的发展,极大地提高了它的应用价值.对不同形态的超细CaCO3制备技术的研究,已成为许多先进国家竞相开发的热点[3-5].     

X-ray absorption and diffraction analysis for determination of the amount of calcium carbonate and porosity in paper sheets

Papers are mostly made with lignocellulose and additives among which calcium carbonate has a primarily importance. Calcium carbonate as a filler provides specific properties to the paper like brightness, porosity, etc. Because of low retention, calcium carbonate remains in large quantities in the waste water when at the final stage, the paper is couched and pressed. It is therefore interesting to develop some methods to analyze in a nondestructive way the content of calcium carbonate that remains in the paper. We report in this article an X-ray study of paper sheets with the aim to determine not only the content of calcium carbonate in a nondestructive way but also the porosity of the paper sheets. The analysis is carried out in a quantitative way by refining the wide angle X-ray diffraction patterns using the Rietveld method and by modeling the absorption of the direct beam through paper sheets.