溶剂萃取-气相色谱/质谱法分析烟草中的主要甾醇

烟草中的甾醇类物质主要有胆甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇等,这些甾醇的结构中都含有羟基（结构式见图1）,热解时其母体的多环结构可形成稠环芳烃,因此烟草中的甾醇是一种潜在的影响人体健康的物质,故对甾醇种类和含量进行分析对卷烟的配方研究具有参考价值。     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法同时测定头发中的尼古丁和可天宁

尼古丁(nicotine),又称烟碱,是烟草及其制品中含量最丰富的生物碱,会导致吸烟成瘾;可天宁(cotinine)是尼古丁在人体代谢过程中的主要产物。尼古丁和可天宁分布于人体头发和体液中,作为重要的生物标记物,常用以衡量烟草对人体健康的影响程度,受到生物医学、环境科学及烟草健康研     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时检测人尿中12种单羟基多环芳烃代谢物

建立了高效、准确的同时测定人体尿样中多种多环芳烃代谢物的方法。取10.0 mL尿液,酶解,经固相萃取净化浓缩、0.2 μm滤膜过滤后,以Acquity UPLC^®HSS T3（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）为分析柱,甲醇和水为流动相,采用负离子电喷雾多反应监测模式检测样品中多环芳烃代谢物的含量。12种多环芳烃代谢物在0.04~20.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数>0.99,方法检出限为0.01~0.41 μg/L,平均回收率为80.0%~105%,批内RSD为1.21%~9.12%,批间RSD为4.43%~19.7%。应用该方法对淮河流域某区域的100份人体尿样进行了检测,多环芳烃代谢物的检出率为98%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,选择性好,可同时检测尿中12种羟基多环芳烃代谢物。     

1,2-硼氮杂芳烃在中国的研究进展

稠环芳烃及其衍生物在有机光电材料领域具有广泛应用,杂原子掺杂可有效调节稠环芳烃的物理化学性质.用等电子体的硼氮单元取代碳碳单元,在保持稠环芳烃芳香性的连续性的同时,可以调节稠环芳烃的电子结构和分子间相互作用,构建具有独特光电性质和生物活性的新型硼氮杂稠环芳烃,既丰富了稠环芳烃的种类,又促进了硼氮杂芳烃在光电材料、催化和生物医药等领域的应用.近年来,中国有机化学及材料化学领域的学者们积极参与并推动了硼氮杂芳烃的快速发展,在硼氮杂芳烃的种类开发和应用拓展方面开展了一系列原创性的工作,取得了瞩目的成绩.本文综述了基于1,2-硼氮杂苯的稠环芳烃(即1,2-硼氮杂芳烃)的合成发展历史和应用研究拓展,最后对硼氮杂芳烃领域的未来发展与应用进行了展望.通过对硼氮芳烃在中国的发展进行系统的梳理和总结,希望能够引起更多科研工作者对硼氮芳烃的兴趣,期待更多的科研工作者能够加入到硼氮杂芳烃的合成拓展与应用探索中.     

荧光法研究香烟烟气中多环芳烃的降低作用

香烟烟气中大约有40多个致肿瘤活性的稠环芳烃[1,2]。人们曾经探索了大量方法[3-6]来降低烟草焦油的致肿瘤活性。环糊精(Cyclodextrin,简称CD)可通过形成包结物[5-8]去除烟气中的多环芳烃。本文对比研究了β-CD溶液对7种不同品牌香烟烟气焦油中多环芳烃的去除率。1实验部分1·1     

稠环芳烃在烷基膦酸改性锆镁复合氧化物固定相上的反相液相色谱保留行为

 以稠环芳烃为探针,考察了烷基膦酸改性锆镁复合氧化物材料的反相色谱性能。研究了稠环芳烃类化合物的结构与其保留值的关系,比较了烷基膦酸改性锆镁复合氧化物固定相和十八烷基键合硅胶ZorbaxODS对稠环芳烃异构体的选择性,并对可能的保留机理进行了讨论。以甲醇-水(体积比为75∶25)为流动相,在烷基膦酸改性锆镁复合氧化物固定相上分离了8种稠环芳烃类化合物。     

稠环芳烃系列化合物化学位移的计算 Ⅱ.甲基稠环芳烃甲基质子化学位移的加合性

本文在稠环芳烃质子化学位移加合性的基础上提出八种类型的结构因素,对11种甲基稠环芳烃的29个非等性甲基质子的化学位移进行了计算.结果表明,甲基稠环芳烃的甲基质子化学位移也相当准确地服从加合性规律.计算值的标准误差为0.12ppm.该计算方法可用于计算稠环芳烃取代基的核磁共振谱。     

稠环芳烃在烷基膦酸改性锆镁复合氧化物固定相上的反相液相色谱保留行为

以稠环芳烃为探针 ,考察了烷基膦酸改性锆镁复合氧化物材料的反相色谱性能。研究了稠环芳烃类化合物的结构与其保留值的关系 ,比较了烷基膦酸改性锆镁复合氧化物固定相和十八烷基键合硅胶 Zorbax ODS对稠环芳烃异构体的选择性 ,并对可能的保留机理进行了讨论。以甲醇 -水 (体积比为 75∶ 2 5)为流动相 ,在烷基膦酸改性锆镁复合氧化物固定相上分离了 8种稠环芳烃类化合物     

稠环芳烃系列化合物化学位移的计算——Ⅲ.稠环芳烃13C化学位移的加合性

本文在稠环芳烃质子化学位移及甲基稠环芳烃甲基质子化学位移加合性的基础上考虑到稠环芳烃分子中碳原子微环境的特点、π电子环流以及碳原子受到的范德华作用对¹³C化学位移的贡献机理,提出12种类型的六元碳环结构因素,并利用10个化合物的80个¹³C化学位移实验数据得出适合于稠环芳烃¹³C化学位移的普遍公式,按这一公式计算结果的标准误差为lppm,远小于现有的半经验量子力学方法的计算误差.说明稠环芳烃系列分子的¹³C化学位移也存在加合性规律.利用本计算方法可较准确地鉴别和预示已合成的稠环芳烃分子的¹³C化学位移值.本文计算了55个稠环芳烃分子的674个非等性的¹³C化学位移.     

神木煤显微组分热解和加氢热解的焦油组成

利用色谱-质谱联用技术测定了神木煤镜质组和惰质组在不同热解条件下焦油的组成，考察了显微组分类型和反应气氛对苯类、酚类、萘类、含氧杂环和多环芳烃类化合物产率的影响。结果表明，惰质组和镜质组焦油在组成和长链烃类、芳烃、含氧杂环和多环芳烃的相对质量分数方面存在很大差异。镜质组焦油中长链烃类的种类和相对质量分数较高，惰质组焦油中芳烃、含氧杂环和多环芳烃的种类和相对质量分数较高，反映了镜质组显微组分芳香度较低以及烷基侧链长和多以及惰质组稠环芳烃结构多和芳环缩聚程度高的特点。加氢热解比热解有较高的焦油收率，随氢气压力的增加，焦油的收率大幅度增加。镜质组和惰质组热解和加氢热解焦油组成和相对质量分数的差异反映了热解过程中氢气的加氢稳定化作用和加氢裂解作用。     

New designer drug 1-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl) piperazine (MDBP): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Studies are described on the metabolism and toxicological analysis of the piperazine-derived designer drug 1-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazine (MDBP) in rat urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The identified metabolites indicated that MDBP was metabolized by demethylenation and subsequent methylation to N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)piperazine followed by partial glucuronidation or sulfation. Additionally, degradation of the piperazine moiety to N-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)ethylenediamine and 3,4-methylenedioxybenzylamine and N-dealkylation to piperazine were observed. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC/MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid/liquid extraction and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection of MDBP and its above-mentioned metabolites in rat urine after single administration of a dose calculated from the doses commonly taken by drug users. Assuming similar metabolism, the described STA procedure should be suitable for proof of an intake of MDBP by analysis of human urine.     

Development of a rapid method for the simultaneous separation and determination of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its N- and O-glucuronides in human urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Determination of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its N- and O-glucuronides (NNAL-N-Gluc and NNAL-O-Gluc) is important for toxicology analysis of tobacco smoke induced carcinogenicity and the understanding of detoxification mechanisms of the carcinogenic nitrosamine in humans. But previously reported indirect measurement methods involving enzymolysis and base treatment steps were tedious and time-consuming. In this work, a direct measurement method for simultaneous determination of urinary NNAL, NNAL-N-Gluc and NNAL-O-Gluc by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in a single run was developed for the first time without the need to perform enzymatic or base hydrolysis. Urine samples were purified using dichloromethane and further extracted by solid-phase extraction. Then they were analyzed by LC–MS/MS operated in electrospray positive ionization mode. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Kinetex PFP column within 6 min. The proposed method was validated and the results demonstrated that the method can produce satisfactory recoveries and reproducibility for the analytes. The applicability of this newly developed method was investigated for the simultaneous analysis of the three metabolites in smokers’ urine and the obtained results were comparable to those detected using the conventional enzymolysis method.     

New designer drug N-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-3-ethoxypropanamine (PCEPA): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques

Studies are described on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the phencyclidine-derived designer drug N-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-3-ethoxypropanamine (PCEPA) in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. The identified metabolites indicated that PCEPA was metabolized by N-dealkylation, O-deethylation partially followed by oxidation of the resulting alcohol to the corresponding carboxylic acid, hydroxylation of the cyclohexyl ring at different positions of PCEPA, N-dealkyl PCEPA, O-deethyl PCEPA, and of the corresponding carboxylic acids. Finally, aromatic hydroxylation of PCEPA, the corresponding carboxylic acids, and O-deethyl PCEPA, the latter partially followed by oxidation to the corresponding carboxylic acid and hydroxylation of the cyclohexyl ring could be observed. All metabolites were partially excreted in the conjugated form. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC/MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction, and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection in rat urine of an intake of a common drug users' dose of PCEPA. Assuming a similar metabolism in humans, the STA in human urine should be suitable as proof of intake of PCEPA.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定兔尿中溴氰菊酯及其毒性生物标志物

建立了一种应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）测定兔尿中与溴氰菊酯毒性相关的多种生物标志物的检测方法。分析物包括溴氰菊酯及其代谢产物1R,3R-二溴菊酸、3-苯氧基苯甲酸,以及5种生物标志物5-羟色胺、5-羟基吲哚乙酸、3-硝基丙酸、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷和6-甲氧基鸟嘌呤。样品经硅藻土基质固相分散萃取、三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白质和HLB固相萃取小柱净化,使用电喷雾离子源,在多反应监测模式下正负切换采集测定,其中溴氰菊酯、5-羟色胺、5-羟基吲哚乙酸、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷和6-甲氧基鸟嘌呤采用正离子模式,1R,3R-二溴菊酸、3-苯氧基苯甲酸和3-硝基丙酸采用负离子模式。基质校准曲线外标法定量。结果表明,7种生物标志物在各自的浓度范围内线性关系良好（R²不小于0.9914）,5-羟基吲哚乙酸的检出限和定量限分别为20 μg/L和50 μg/L,其余化合物的检出限和定量限分别为0.2~5.0 μg/L和0.5~10 μg/L;在兔尿中3个不同添加水平的平均回收率为74.2%~98.7%,相对标准偏差（RSD）不大于12%,方法简单、快速、准确、灵敏,可作为溴氰菊酯暴露评估的检测方法。     

Synthesis and Solid Phase Extraction Performance Study of NNAL-specific Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Using Dummy Templates

Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) were produced using three structural analogues as dummy template molecules. The chosen analogues were 4-(acetymethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanol, 4-(methylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, and 1-(3-pyridyl)-1,4,-butanediol. The molecular recognition characteristics of the produced polymers were evaluated by X-ray photoelec-tron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Interactionsbetween NNAL and methacrylic acid should be cooperative hydrogen bonds while the ni-trogen atom of the pyridine ring and the oxygen atom of the nitroso group in NNAL are two of the hydrogen-bond acceptors. It was further demonstrated that DMIP synthesized by4-(acetymethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanol had the best binding performance by XPS and FT-IR. Then dummy molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (DMISPE) was developed for the determination of the analyte using the hit polymer as the sorbing material. Underoptimal conditions, the recovery of NNAL dissolved in standard solution reached 93%. And the investigated polymer exhibited much higher binding of NNAL when nicotine was acted as the competitive molecule. Also the proposed method was applied to the measurement of NNAL spiked in blank urine samples with recoveries ranging from 87.2% to 101.2%.     

Synthesis of 1-(alkylamino)- and 1-(dialkylamino)benzimidazoline-2-thiones

Unlike 1-aminobenzimidazoles, 1-alkylaminobenzimidazoles are thiolated on fusing with sulfur without elimination of theN-amino group, yielding the previously unknown 1-(alkylamino)benzimidazoline-2-thiones. These compounds can be more conveniently obtained on a preparative scale by thiolation of 1-alkylacetamidobenzimidazoles with subsequent hydrolytic elimination of the acetyl group. When 1-(dialkylamino)benzimidazoles are fused with sulfur, they are converted into 1-(dialkylamino)benzimidazoline-2-thiones. By alkylation of 1-(methylamino)- and 1-(diethylamino)benzimidazoline-2-thiones with methyl iodide in alkaline media the corresponding 2-(methylthio)benzimidazoles were prepared.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2231–2235, November, 1995.The authors are grateful to the Contest Center of Basic Natural Science at St. Petersburg University for financial support of this study.     

Metabolic study of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone to the enantiomers of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in vitro in human bronchial epithelial cells using chiral capillary electrophoresis

4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) with one chiral center at the carbinol is a major metabolite of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). As tobacco specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs), NNK and NNAL are the most pulmonary carcinogens in tobacco products and smoke. In this paper, a chiral CE method modified with highly sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) was developed to investigate the stereoselective formation of NNAL from NNK in vitro in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Combined with solid phase extraction (SPE) of the cell samples, NNK and NNAL enantiomers were baseline separated under the proposed CE conditions, with satisfactory recoveries (72.5-113% for NNK and (±)-NNAL) and low limits of detection (LOD, 2.5-3 μg/mL for NNK and (±)-NNAL). The cytotoxicity of NNK in NHBE cells was investigated through the cell counting kit (CCK) assay and proved to be highly dependent on the NNK's concentration. The metabolic results obtained from CE analysis demonstrated that NNK was preferentially metabolized to (+)-NNAL through carbonyl reduction. Meanwhile, the ratio of [(+)-NNAL]/[(-)-NNAL] was independent of NHBE cells' incubation time with NNK, but could be changed according to the original incubation concentration of NNK. This chiral CE method could be useful for the study on toxicology and metabolic transformations of related TSNAs.     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定人尿中9种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物

建立了人尿中9种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAE）代谢物的超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）测定方法。2 mL尿液样本酶解2 h后,经强阴离子固相萃取净化处理;选用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Phenyl色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μ m）,以0.1%（体积分数）乙酸乙腈和0.1%（体积分数）乙酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱;在负离子电喷雾多反应监测模式（MRM）下测定9种PAE代谢物含量。8种PAE代谢物在0.39~200 μ g/L范围内、1种PAE代谢物在1.17~600 μ g/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995。方法检出限为0.06~0.85 μ g/L,定量限为0.20~2.80 μ g/L。3个加标水平的加标回收率为84.1%~122%,精密度为4.5%~14.3%;日内精密度不高于9.3%,日间精密度不高于10.1%;基质效应和稳定性符合分析要求。应用该方法测定50份人尿液样本,邻苯二甲酸单环已酯（MCHP）和邻苯二甲酸单苄酯（MBZP）的检出率分别为0和44.0%,其余7种PAE代谢物的检出率为100%。该方法操作简单、定量准确、稳定性好,适用于人尿中9种PAE代谢物的定量分析。     

Studies on toxic oil syndrome: development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 3-(<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-phenylamino)propane-1,2-diol in human urine

The fatty acid esters of 3-(N-phenylamino)propane-1,2-diol (PAP) are biomarkers of toxic oil batches that caused toxic oil syndrome (TOS), an intoxication that caused over 400 deaths and affected 20,000 people in Spain in 1981. PAP esters are converted into PAP by human pancreatic lipase. The in vivo biotransformation of PAP in two mouse strains generated potentially toxic metabolites. Here we report an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PAP detection incorporating antibodies generated using PAP-hapten derivatives 1 and 2. The immunizing haptens were designed to recognize the phenylamino and hydroxymethylene moieties of the PAP structure. The antisera raised against 1-HCH showed greater affinity for free PAP, as demonstrated in competitive experiments using either 1-BSA or 2-BSA as coating antigens. The developed ELISA detects PAP at a threshold of 130 μg L⁻¹ and can be used over a wide range of pH and ionic strength values. The assay can be applied to human urine samples, after a simple treatment method, with good recovery according to the correlation obtained when analyzing blind spiked urine samples. Figure Development of an ELISA for PAP in human urine     

固定化β-葡萄糖醛酸酶反应器的制备及其在4-甲基亚硝胺基-1-(3-吡啶)-1-丁醇的O-糖苷化合物分析中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以丙烯酰胺作为单体,制备了基于有机-硅胶杂化整体柱的β-葡萄糖醛酸酶反应器。优化了硅酸甲酯和γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅的物质的量的比、丙烯酰胺和聚乙二醇的用量,以及水浴温度等制备条件,获得了孔隙均匀、通透性良好、机械强度高的有机-硅胶杂化整体柱。采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜表征杂化整体柱。进一步将β-葡萄糖醛酸酶共价键合在整体柱上,以4-甲基亚硝胺基-1-(3-吡啶)-1-丁醇(NNAL)的O-糖苷化合物(NNAL-O-Gluc)为底物研究酶反应器的水解效果,实验结果证明酶反应器在室温条件下的水解效率大大提高,实现了NNAL-O-Gluc高效水解与分析,解决了目前NNAL-O-Gluc分析中前处理水解效率低的问题。