pH值和金属离子对尖吻蝮蛇抗凝血因子Ⅱ二级结构的影响

圆二色谱(CD谱)测量表明，尖吻蝮蛇抗凝血因子Ⅱ(ACF Ⅱ)与抗凝血因子Ⅰ(ACF Ⅰ)的二级结构十分相似，它们的主要骨架构象都为反平行β-折叠和α-螺旋结构。pH值对天然ACF Ⅱ的构象有一定的影响，pH值从3到10增大时，α-螺旋含量逐渐减少，反平行β-折叠含量逐渐增大。钙和其他二价金属离子对ACF Ⅱ的骨架结构没有明显影响。三价稀土离子使ACF Ⅱ的α-螺旋含量升高，同时降低其β-转角和β-折叠的含量。     

应用圆二色光谱研究电场对α-淀粉酶二级结构的影响

α-淀粉酶被不同强度的电场作用，用圆二色光谱（CD）研究不同强度的电场对α-淀粉酶二级结构的影响。结果表明：不同强度的电场对α-淀粉酶的α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规卷曲相对含量的影响程度不同；电场作用具有使α-淀粉酶的二级结构由α-螺旋、无规卷曲向β-折叠及β-转角转化的趋势。研究结果对解释电场处理种子生物效应具有重要意义。     

一种核糖核酸酶构象稳定性的研究

Aspergillus niger SA-13-20核糖核酸酶是从突变株A.niger SA-13-20分泌的胞外酶中分离出的一种新的核糖核酸酶。采用紫外光谱、荧光光谱和红外光谱研究了A.niger SA-13-20核糖核酸酶在不同pH值条件下的构象稳定性。紫外光谱和荧光光谱结果均表明该酶蛋白在酸性和弱碱性pH值下构象较稳定,当pH值高于9.6时构象不稳定;红外光谱结合去卷积和曲线拟合技术对蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ带的测定和处理结果表明,在室温下,pH 5.0时该酶蛋白二级结构中α-螺旋、β-折叠、转角和无规结构所占的成分分别为13.28%、42.30%、26.48%和17.95%。测得该酶的热解链温度Tm、解链熵变ΔSm及解链焓变ΔHm分别为70.1℃、644 J.mol-1.K-1及22.1 kJ.mol-1,表明该酶属于耐热能力较强的核糖核酸酶。研究结果有助于揭示该酶结构与功能的关系,推动其在科研和生产等方面的应用。     

圆二色光谱法研究环境因素对细胞红蛋白二级结构的影响

采用远紫外圆二色光谱法系统地研究了细胞红蛋白(cytoglobin, Cygb)的浓度、环境温度、溶液的pH值和溶剂性质对细胞红蛋白二级结构的影响.结果表明: 当Cygb浓度<1 μmol/L时,它主要以α-螺旋形式存在,其α-螺旋含量>60%; 当Cygb浓度从0.3 μmol/L增大到2.0 μmol/L时,其α-螺旋含量迅速降低;当Cygb浓度>2.0 μmol/L时,其α-螺旋含量随浓度的增大变化很小(约30%).随着温度的升高,Cygb的α-螺旋含量逐渐减小,但既使温度达到368 K,它仍保持有20%的α-螺旋结构,说明该蛋白具有较高的热稳定性.在弱酸性和弱碱性溶液中,Cygb的二级结构都会有不同程度的破坏.在甲醇和乙醇中,Cygb的α-螺旋含量明显增加,这说明醇类可以诱导其α-螺旋的生成.     

红外光谱法分析酵母蛋白质的二级结构

采用红外光谱法分析了酵母蛋白质的二级结构。测定了不同温度下酵母酰胺Ⅲ带的一维红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱及去卷积红外光谱。结果表明:随着测量温度的升高,酵母中的蛋白质α-螺旋结构的红外吸收强度降低;而β-转角结构、无规卷曲结构和β-折叠结构红外吸收强度均有所增加。还研究了酵母酰胺Ⅲ带的二维红外光谱,以确定酵母中蛋白质红外吸收强度的变化次序,进一步证明了酵母蛋白质的β-折叠结构的热不稳定性。     

Pb~(2+)-牛血清白蛋白复合体系中蛋白质二级结构的研究

采用紫外光谱、红外光谱和圆二色谱法研究了Pb2+与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用和蛋白质微观结构的变化。紫外光谱表明,Pb2+与BSA肽链上的CO存在相互作用,并使蛋白质疏水结构的微环境发生变化;红外光谱研究表明,Pb2+与BSA结合位点可能为—OH和—NH基团,利用二阶导、退卷积和谱线拟合技术对蛋白质红外谱图的酰胺Ⅰ带进行处理推测蛋白质二级结构的变化,结果表明蛋白质α螺旋和β折叠二级结构含量降低,β转角二级结构含量增加;圆二色谱(CD)也表明Pb2+与BSA的结合使蛋白质的构象发生了改变。     

皖南尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒内抗凝血因子(ACF)的二级结构和金属离子对其影响的CD谱研究

利用ＣＤ谱对皖南尖吻蝮蛇蛇内抗凝血因子的二级结构，即ａ－螺旋，β－折叠和无规则卷曲进行了测定，利用ＣｈｅｎａｎｄＹａｎｇ的方法计算了出它们在ＡＣＦ分的百分比。溶液的ＰＨ值对ＡＣＦ的二级结构影响不大，但当ＰＨ位于５和６时，二级结构稍稍出现了异常。这可能是由于氢离子电离引起的电荷变化带的效应。     

天花粉蛋白的化学VI.用液光拉曼光谱研究天花粉蛋白的二级结构

由天花粉蛋白的水和重水溶液的激光拉曼光谱,测得酰胺III谱带1240cm[-1]和酰胺I谱带1632,1660cm[-1]对CH2弯曲模式1448cm[-1]的强度比值,按Lippert等建立的方程组作定量计算,求得天花粉蛋白的二级结构含量为α-螺旋43.5%,β-折叠31.3%和无序25.2%,它们与4A分辨率天花粉蛋白单晶X射线衍射法的结果相一致,同时,研究了上述溶液的冻干粉状固体的二级结构,经过冻干,使其中约10%的β-折叠转变成无序构象,而α-螺旋含量无明显变化,在水溶液中,由测得的I850/I830比值计算,天花粉蛋白中的酪氨酸残基约有805呈"暴露式"。     

稀土离子对钙调蛋白与蜂毒素作用的影响

分别用钙调蛋白和蜂毒素的内源荧光光谱以及铽离子的敏化荧光光谱考察了铽离子对钙调蛋白构象变化以及对钙调蛋白与蜂毒素相互作用的影响 .结果表明 ,铽离子首先结合在钙调蛋白的第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ位点 ,铽离子不影响钙调蛋白与蜂毒素的相互作用 ,蜂毒素与钙调蛋白作用后不影响铽离子在钙调蛋白上的键合顺序 .傅里叶变换红外光谱结果表明三价的镧离子与钙调蛋白作用使钙调蛋白的α螺旋结构增加 ,β折叠结构减少 ,与钙离子对它的二级结构影响相类似 .稀土离子在钙调蛋白 -蜂毒素复合体系中主要与钙调蛋白作用 .     

圆二色法研究铜离子存在下葛根素对牛血清白蛋白二级结构的影响

采用圆二色光谱法(CD)研究了Cu2+存在下葛根素(PUE)对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)二级结构的影响。结果表明,在pH 7.4的条件下,BSA的各种二级结构分别为56.3%α-螺旋,26.1%β-折叠,17.6%转角和无规则卷曲。葛根素和Cu2+-葛根素都能诱导BSA二级结构发生改变。葛根素使BSA的α-螺旋含量增加,β-折叠含量减少,这表明葛根素与BSA的相互作用,可使蛋白质分子的疏水作用增强,导致BSA的肽链结构收缩。Cu2+-葛根素使BSA的α-螺旋含量大幅度降低,β-折叠含量略有增加,这表明Cu2+-葛根素与BSA的相互作用以配位作用为主,使得BSA的肽链结构伸展,蛋白质的构象发生变化。     

Study on the structural changes of bovine serum albumin with effects on polydatin binding by a multitechnique approach

Polydatin is a traditional Chinese medicine which shows effective biological activity as antimicrobial and antiviral agent. The secondary structure changes of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated by the methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), circular dichroism (CD) and Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results indicated that polydatin changed the secondary structure of BSA. The presence of polydatin decreased α-helix content of BSA. The conformations of disulfide bridges and the microenvironment of Tyr, Trp residues were also changed.     

马氏钳蝎短链神经毒素BmP03的溶液结构的NMR研究

BmP03为从马氏钳蝎中得到的具有钾离子通道阻断活性的短链神经毒素。应用2DNMR实验和分子模拟技术,进行BmP03的溶液结构计算,结果显示BmP03与从蝎毒中得到的其他短链神经毒素具有相似结构。含一个α-螺旋(Cys3-Gly12),两条反平行的β-折叠股(Asn16-Cys19,Cys24-Asn27)。螺旋与折叠股间靠3对二硫键相连,在Asp20到Val23间形成一个二型转角结构。根据BmP03的溶液结构,对其表面电荷对钾离子通道阻断活性的影响进行观察。     

UV resonance Raman determination of polyproline II, extended 2.5(1)-helix, and beta-sheet Psi angle energy landscape in poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamic acid

UV resonance Raman (UVR) spectroscopy was used to examine the solution conformation of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) in their non-alpha-helical states. UVR measurements indicate that PLL (at pH = 2) and PGA (at pH = 9) exist mainly in a mixture of polyproline II (PPII) and a novel left-handed 2.5(1)-helical conformation, which is an extended beta-strand-like conformation with Psi approximately +170 degrees and Phi approximately -130 degrees . Both of these conformations are highly exposed to water. The energies of these conformations are very similar. We see no evidence of any disordered "random coil" states. In addition, we find that a PLL and PGA mixture at neutral pH is approximately 60% beta-sheet and contains PPII and extended 2.5(1)-helix conformations. The beta-sheet conformation shows little evidence of amide backbone hydrogen bonding to water. We also developed a method to estimate the distribution of Psi Ramachandran angles for these conformations, which we used to estimate a Psi Ramachandran angle energy landscape. We believe that these are the first experimental studies to give direct information on protein and peptide energy landscapes.     

Conformational studies of copoly (N 5-ω-hydroxyalkyl-L-glutamine-L-glutamic acid)s

Copoly (α-amino acid)s consisting ofL-glutamic acid residue andN ⁵-ω hydroxyalkyl-L-glutamine residue, i.e., 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, and di-2-hydroxyethyl derivatives were prepared by the reactions of copoly (L-glutamic acid) containing succinimide ester with corresponding amino alcohols. The conformation of these copolymers was examined by the CD and infrared measurements. These three copolymers containing about 20–30% hydroxyalkyl groups undergo a methanol-induced and a pH-induced conformational transitions. The copolymer containing about 50% 3-hydroxypropyl group assumes the α-helical conformation in the pH region from 2.5 to 11.6, and in a methanol-water mixture (9∶1). On the other hand, the copolymer containing about 60% di-2-hydroxyethyl groups does not allow any helical conformation even at lower pH and also even in a trifluoroethanol-water mixture (9∶1), suggesting that the branched hydroxyalkyl group is unfavorable for the formation of α-helix. Furthermore, the poly(N ⁵-di-2-hydroxyethyl-L-glutamine) is shown to have a rather disordered structure in the solid state.     

Effect of metallic ions on silk formation in the Mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori

A protein conformation transition from random coil and/or helical conformation to beta-sheet is known to be central to the process used by silk-spinning spiders and insects to convert concentrated protein solutions to tough insoluble threads. Several factors including pH, metallic ions, shear force, and/or elongational flow can initiate this transition in both spiders and silkworms. Here, we report the use of proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS) to investigate the concentrations of six metal elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, and Zn) at different stages in the silk secretory pathway in the Bombyx mori silkworm. We also report the use of Raman spectra to monitor the effects of these six metallic ions on the conformation transition of natural silk fibroin dope and concentrated regenerated silk fibroin solution at concentrations similar to the natural dope. The results showed that the metal element contents increased from the posterior part to the anterior part of silk gland with the exception of Ca which decreased significantly in the anterior part. We show that these changes in composition can be correlated with (i) the ability of Mg2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ to induce the conformation transition of silk fibroin to beta-sheet, (ii) the effect of Ca2+ in forming a stable protein network (gel), and (iii) the ability of Na+ and K+ to break down the protein network.     

Observing a model ion channel gating action in model cell membranes in real time in situ: membrane potential change induced alamethicin orientation change

Ion channels play crucial roles in transport and regulatory functions of living cells. Understanding the gating mechanisms of these channels is important to understanding and treating diseases that have been linked to ion channels. One potential model peptide for studying the mechanism of ion channel gating is alamethicin, which adopts a split α/3(10)-helix structure and responds to changes in electric potential. In this study, sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS), supplemented by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), has been applied to characterize interactions between alamethicin (a model for larger channel proteins) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid bilayers in the presence of an electric potential across the membrane. The membrane potential difference was controlled by changing the pH of the solution in contact with the bilayer and was measured using fluorescence spectroscopy. The orientation angle of alamethicin in POPC lipid bilayers was then determined at different pH values using polarized SFG amide I spectra. Assuming that all molecules adopt the same orientation (a δ distribution), at pH = 6.7 the α-helix at the N-terminus and the 3(10)-helix at the C-terminus tilt at about 72° (θ(1)) and 50° (θ(2)) versus the surface normal, respectively. When pH increases to 11.9, θ(1) and θ(2) decrease to 56.5° and 45°, respectively. The δ distribution assumption was verified using a combination of SFG and ATR-FTIR measurements, which showed a quite narrow distribution in the angle of θ(1) for both pH conditions. This indicates that all alamethicin molecules at the surface adopt a nearly identical orientation in POPC lipid bilayers. The localized pH change in proximity to the bilayer modulates the membrane potential and thus induces a decrease in both the tilt and the bend angles of the two helices in alamethicin. This is the first reported application of SFG to the study of model ion channel gating mechanisms in model cell membranes.     

Optical activity of small peptide chains with right-handed α-helix structure

The optical activity of oligopeptides in the conformation of the right-handed α-helix was calculated by the direct semiempirical quantum chemical CNDO /OPTIC method. The oligomers of glycine and alanine from dimer up to pentamer were considered. The comparison with results obtained using the model of interacting groups (MIG ) based on the perturbation approach was carried out. The calculational results show that the circular dichroism (CD ) of oligopeptide α-helices is essentially different from the CD of the peptide polymers in the same conformation. The comparison between results obtained by the CNDO /OPTIC method and by the MIG leads to doubts about the reliability of the use of the MIG to calculate rotatory strengths of nπ* transitions of oligopeptides in α-helix conformation.     

Structure and molecular conformation of tussah silk fibroin films: Effect of methanol

Structural changes of tussah (Antheraea pernyi) silk fibroin films treated with different water-methanol solutions at 20°C were studied as a function of methanol concentration and immersion time. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the α-helix structure, typical of untreated tussah films, did not change for short immersion times (2 min), regardless of methanol concentration. However, crystallization to β-sheet structure was observed following immersion of tussah films for 30 min in methanol solutions ranging from 20 to 60% (v/v). IR spectra of tussah films untreated and methanol treated for 2 min exhibited strong absorption bands at 1265, 892, and 622 cm^?1, typical of the α-helix conformation. The intensity of the bands assigned to the β-sheet conformation (1245, 965, and 698 cm^?1) increased for the sample treated with 40% methanol for 30 min. Raman spectra of tussah films with α-helix molecular conformation exhibited strong bands at 1657 (amide I), 1263 (amide III), 1106, 908, 530, and 376 cm^?1. Following α → β conformational transition, amide I and III bands shifted to 1668, and to 1241, 1230 cm^?1, respectively. The band at 1106 cm^?1 disappeared and new bands appeared at 1095 and 1073 cm^?1, whereas the intensity of the bands at 530 and 376 cm^?1 decreased significantly. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Raman光谱研究铜锌超氧化物歧化酶及其金属取代衍生物的二级结构

本文测定了铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu2Zn2SOD)及其金属取代衍生物Cu2Ni2SOD的Raman光谱,对图谱进行了归属,并定量测定了两种SOD的二级结构,同时对结构与活性的关系进行了讨论。