胆固醇氢亚磷酸酯缀合物的简便合成

许多甾体磷酸酯具有重要的生物活性,例如脂质膜和甾体激素中的甾体磷酸酯缀合物.利用一些甾体类物质的体内转运机制,可以增加药物的靶向性,同时将糖和甾体相连可以增加甾体类药物水溶性.胆固醇是许多生物膜的关键结构单元,同时又是甾体激素和胆酸的生物合成前体.本文报道一种简便的合成胆固醇氢亚磷酸酯缀合物的合成方法,从这些氢亚磷酸酯出发可以进一步得到许多具有生物学意义的磷酸酯缀合物.     

促性腺激素释放激素类似物-紫杉醇靶向抗肿瘤缀合物的合成及评价

以促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRHa)为靶向配体, 以紫杉醇为抗癌因子, 分别以硫醚键和二硫键为连接臂, 设计合成了2个靶向抗肿瘤缀合物. 研究了缀合物的肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性和GnRH受体结合活性, 结果表明, 2个缀合物均具有较强的抗肿瘤活性和GnRH受体亲和力; 另外, 血浆稳定性实验结果显示, 以硫醚键偶联的缀合物1在血浆中孵育24 h, 原型保留仍在50%以上, 具有较高的稳定性.     

在胆酸盐介质中用氨羧配位剂溶解胆红素钙的动力学研究

以胆红素及其钙盐为主要成分的色素型胆结石病在国内为常见病,多年来曾研究用钙配位剂溶石的可能性,但效果不明显,主要由于对配位剂溶石机理了解不够。为此本文在模拟胆汁背景条件下,用氨羧配位剂溶解模拟结石的胆红索钙压片进行了动力学研究,其结果有利于阐明胆色素结合配位溶解的机理和决定溶石效果的因素。     

以gp41为靶标的小分子-多肽缀合物作为HIV-1融合抑制剂的设计、合成及活性初筛

芳基吡咯类小分子化合物NB-2衍生物(Noc或Npc)与衍生于C34中的靶标特异性多肽P26所形成的缀合物具有低纳摩尔水平的融合抑制活性.本文通过不同长度或不同柔性的连接臂将Noc或Npc与衍生于C34的靶标特异性多肽P27缀合,探讨了C34中a位残基I635和连接臂对缀合物活性的影响.人体免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)Env介导的细胞-细胞融合实验结果表明,多肽与小分子之间产生了强的协同作用.     

10-羟基喜树碱氨基酸缀合物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

以10-羟基喜树碱为原料,通过两碳边链链接,合成了一系列10-羟基喜树碱氨基酸缀合物和9-硝基-10-羟基喜树碱氨基酸缀合物.采用CCK-8法测试了合成化合物体外对人口腔鳞癌细胞KB、人肝癌细胞HepG2和小鼠结肠癌细胞C26三组细胞株的增殖抑制活性,结果表明部分目标化合物对所选肿瘤细胞株显示了潜在的抑制活性,其中10-羟基喜树碱氨基酸缀合物的体外活性明显优于9-硝基-10-羟基喜树碱氨基酸缀合物的体外活性.     

鹅去氧胆酸及其衍生物的制备和应用

鹅去氧胆酸是天然的初级胆汁酸,是鸡、鸭和鹅等家禽胆汁中的主要有机成分,具有杀菌、抗炎和溶解胆结石等作用,是临床上治疗胆固醇结石的药物之一,也是合成临床上治疗胆结石疾病用量最大的药物熊去氧胆酸的原料。鹅去氧胆酸在医药方面的应用价值促使其制备方法逐步完善。近年来,关于鹅去氧胆酸衍生物的研究越来越多,相关研究也延伸到生物医药、分子识别和功能材料等多个领域,尤其在生物医药领域,鹅去氧胆酸衍生物显示出广阔的应用前景。本文系统地综述了鹅去氧胆酸的提取、合成与化学修饰方法,以及鹅去氧胆酸衍生物的合成、性质及应用,并展望了其发展前景。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法测定胆结石中胆固醇含量

研究胆石的化学成分并据此对胆结石进行分类,是研究胆石成因和溶石药物的基础.胆固醇是构成人体胆结石的主要成分之一.因此,胆石中胆固醇含量的测定是按化学成分对胆结石分类的一个重要依据.通常此项工作多采用生物化学方法进行,测定需经反复萃取,手续繁琐费时.作者利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)测定胆固醇含量的方法,并与文献报道的红外吸收光谱(IR)测定胆石中胆固醇含量的方法进行比较,本法更合理省时.     

扫描薄层色谱法测定胆结石的结合胆汁酸

在扫描薄层色谱法测定胆结石中游离胆汁酸含量工作的基础上,进一步建立了结合胆汁酸的扫描薄层色谱测定法,并对人胆结石中含量进行了测定。实验部分 1.样品和试剂: 胆结石样品:外科手术取出的胆结石44份,用自来水清洗后空气中干燥。红外光谱(溴化钾压片)测定结果表明其中有胆红素钙结石16份,胆红素钙胆固醇结石4份,胆固醇结石20份,碳酸钙结石4份。标准液:将牛磺胆酸TCA、牛磺脱氧胆酸TDCA、牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸TCDCA、甘氨胆     

石胆酸类似物的设计、合成及其蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B抑制活性

蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B(PTP1B)是体内胰岛素信号通路的负调控因子,被视为治疗糖尿病的潜在靶标.甾体类天然产物石胆酸3(LCA)具有较好的PTP1B抑制活性.为了提供石胆酸衍生合成多样性的基本骨架,并探讨甾环上特定位点(3,4,5,6及23位)取代基及其构型与PTP1B抑制活性的关系,设计并合成了一组石胆酸类似物.PTP1B抑制活性测试结果显示,3β-羟基胆烷-4-烯酸(17)和4,4-二甲基-3β-羟基-5-烯-胆烷酸(19)对PTP1B的抑制活性均比石胆酸有所提高,分别达到(8.50±1.21)和(6.27±1.03)μmol·L-1.此外,通过计算机模拟对接阐明了两个化合物与酶的可能结合方式.为进一步研究PTP1B抑制剂提供了新的骨架化合物及有价值的构效关系信息.     

N-4-羟基苯基维甲酰胺与呋咱氮氧化物偶联物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

为了寻找治疗乳腺癌的药物, 将N-4-羟基苯基维甲酰胺(4-HPR)以乙酸为连接基团通过酯键或酰胺键与NO供体呋咱氮氧化物缀合, 合成了NO供体型维甲酸类化合物, 共11个新的目标化合物, 其结构经IR, MS, ¹H NMR和元素分析表征, 总收率为8.8%～12.9%. 对目标物进行体外抗乳腺癌活性测试, 结果表明, 所有目标物均具有不同程度的抗肿瘤活性, 其中8g抗肿瘤活性和对照药阿霉素相当.     

Design and synthesis of fluconazole/bile acid conjugate using click reaction

Novel fluconazole/bile acid conjugates were designed and their regioselective synthesis was achieved in very high yield via Cu(I) catalyzed intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. These new molecules showed good antifungal activity against Candida species.     

胆甾酸缀合物的生物及生理学功能*

本文综述近几年来胆甾酸缀合物的生物及生理学功能研究概况。主要包括胆甾酸天然缀合物模拟的化学合成,新的生物活性的探索;胆甾酸的表面两性结构在抗生素、离子通道、分子载体方面的应用;利用其生理循环途径设计、化学合成胆甾酸缀合物以及空间结构的利用研究。     

Investigation of side chain liquid crystal polymers bearing cholesterol and bile acid derivatives

Cholic acid (or 3a,7a,12a-trihydoxyl-5a-cholan-24-oic acid) and lithocholic acid (or 3a-hydroxyl-5a-cholanic-24-oic acid) are commonly occurring bile acids synthesized from cholesterol in the liver in mammals. They all possess a steroid skeleton containing four rings, three with six carbons and one with five carbons. The transformation of cholesterol to cholic acid results in two major structural changes that affect the steroid skeleton. The first is the hydrogenation of the double bond between C5 and C6 and the second is a conformational flip of ring A from the 5a-position to the 5a-position. In addition, one or more hydroxyl groups are added to the steroid skeleton. Outside of the ring system, C24 is converted from a saturated alkyl to a carboxylic acid group.Side chain polymers based on cholesterol moiety have been made as reported in the literature.Since bile acids and cholesterol are all in the family of steroid molecules, it is of interest to investigate whether bile acids may also act as mesogenic groups.Therefore, flexible spacer groups with 10 carbons are introduced between bile acid skeleton and the poymerizable double bonds. The monomers and polymers are compared with cholesterol and dihydrocholesterol monomers and polymers with the same spacers. Dihydrocholesterol is chosen to investigate the influence of the double bond in the formation of LC, given that both cholesterol and dihydrocholesterol have a planar structure but there is no double bond in the latter. These monomers and their corresponding polymers were characterized for their liquid crystalline (LC) properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction.It was found that only the compounds bearing the planar cholesterol moieties possess LC phases. It is concluded that the 5a-configuration between the first and second cycles on the steroid skeleton of bile acids does not favor proper alignment of the rigid part of the bile acid moieties. It is interesting to see the effect of a small variation in structure on the properties of the otherwise structurally-similar compounds and the materials made from them.     

Differentiation of various traditional Chinese medicines derived from animal bile and gallstone: simultaneous determination of bile acids by liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Animal biles and gallstones are popularly used in traditional Chinese medicines, and bile acids are their major bioactive constituents. Some of these medicines, like cow-bezoar, are very expensive, and may be adulterated or even replaced by less expensive but similar species. Due to poor ultraviolet absorbance and structural similarity of bile acids, effective technology for species differentiation and quality control of bile-based Chinese medicines is still lacking. In this study, a rapid and reliable method was established for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of 18 bile acids, including 6 free steroids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid) and their corresponding glycine conjugates and taurine conjugates, by using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). This method was used to analyze six bile-based Chinese medicines: bear bile, cattle bile, pig bile, snake bile, cow-bezoar, and artificial cow-bezoar. Samples were separated on an Atlantis dC₁₈ column and were eluted with methanol–acetonitrile–water containing ammonium acetate. The mass spectrometer was monitored in the negative electrospray ionization mode. Total ion currents of the samples were compared for species differentiation, and the contents of bile acids were determined by monitoring specific ion pairs in a selected reaction monitoring program. All 18 bile acids showed good linearity (r² > 0.993) in a wide dynamic range of up to 2000-fold, using dehydrocholic acid as the internal standard. Different animal biles could be explicitly distinguished by their major characteristic bile acids: tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid for bear bile, glycocholic acid, cholic acid and taurocholic acid for cattle bile, glycohyodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid for pig bile, and taurocholic acid for snake bile. Furthermore, cattle bile, cow-bezoar, and artificial cow-bezoar could be differentiated by the existence of hyodeoxycholic acid and the ratio of cholic acid to deoxycholic acid. This study provided bile acid profiles of bile-based Chinese medicines for the first time, which could be used for their quality control.     

Bile acids and their oxo derivatives: Potential inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase I and II,androgen receptor antagonists and CYP3A4 substrates

Some biological properties of bile acids and their oxo derivatives have not been sufficiently investigated, although the interest in bile acids as signaling molecules is rising. The aim of this work was to evaluate physico‐chemical parametar b (slope) that represents the lipophilicity of the examined molecules and to investigate interactions of bile acids with carbonic anhydrase I, II, androgen receptor and CYP450s. Thirteen candidates were investigated using normal‐phase thin‐layer chromatography in two solvent systems. Retention parameters were used in further quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis and docking studies to predict interactions and binding affinities of examined molecules with enzymes and receptors. Prediction of activity on androgen receptor showed that compounds 3α ‐hydroxy‐12‐oxo‐5β ‐cholanoic and 3α ‐hydroxy‐7‐oxo‐5β ‐cholanoic acid have stronger antiandrogen activity than natural bile acids. The inhibitory potential for carbonic anhydrase I and II was tested and it was concluded that molecules 3α ‐hydroxy‐12‐oxo‐5β ‐cholanoic, 3α ‐hydroxy‐7‐oxo‐5β ‐cholanoic, 3,7,12‐trioxo‐5β ‐cholanoic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid show the best results. Substrate behavior for CYP3A4 was confirmed for all investigated compounds. Oxo derivatives of bile acids show stronger interactions with enzymes and receptors as classical bile acids and lower membranolytic activity compared with them. These significant observations could be valuable in consideration of oxo derivatives as building blocks in medicinal chemistry.     

The Adsorption Effect of Quaternized Chitosan Derivatives on Bile Acid

Chitosan, which is easily derived from chitin by N-deacetylation. It is well known that hypercholesterolemia has been identified as a major risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae like coronary heart disease and myocard…     

胆酸衍生物的合成及其应用

综述了胆酸衍生物,包括应用于高分子材料、分子识别及医药领域的胆酸衍生物的合成.     

Preparation and comparative properties of antisera against glyco-3 beta,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid linked to bovine serum albumin at the C-3, C-15 alpha, and C-24 positions

Anti glyco-3 beta,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid antisera were prepared by immunizing rabbits with hapten-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates coupled at the C-3, C-15 alpha, and C-24 positions on the bile acid molecule, and their properties were investigated by heterologous combination assay using 125I-labeled tracer. The antiserum raised against the C-3 BSA conjugate showed poor titer and specificity, while the antisera from the other two conjugates showed satisfactorily high affinity constants (Ka = 5.0 x 10(8) and 7.0 x 10(8) M-1) and reasonable specificity, exhibiting negligible cross-reactivities with other major human bile acids and cholesterol. Among the unsaturated bile acids tested, high reactivity was observed with tauro-3 beta,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid, which suggested that bridge phenomena were significant in this assay system.     

Supramolecular Chemistry of Bile Acid Derivatives: Formation of Gels

This article describes some of the exciting results obtained during the study of the gelation behavior of bile acid derivatives in the authors laboratory. The serendipitous discovery of charge-transfer interaction promoted gelation of organic solvents by (steroid)pyrene derivatives/TNF is presented. In this class of molecules, the effect of the location of the chiral center in chiral gelators on the overall chirality of the aggregates in the gel was studied. Also described are the aggregation behavior of bile acid based aqueous gelators which led us to postulate design principals to obtain bile acid based aqueous/organogelators.     

胆汁酸衍生物三羰基铼核配合物的合成与表征

以胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸为起始原料, 经羧基的酯化、酯的胺解以及氨基的烷基化, 合成了一系列潜在的针对肝胆显像和肠显像的SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography)分子探针前体. 该方法简便易行, 合成路线短, 产率高, 它们的结构已经过IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS和元素分析得到了证实. 这些结果为基于以胆汁酸为原料的放射性药物的研究奠定了基础.