Mn/Ba/Al2O3催化剂的NOx氧化-储存和耐硫性能

采用分步等体积浸渍法制备了Mn/Ba/Al2O3催化剂, 并用XRD和TPD等方法进行表征. 考察了催化剂在不同温度下NOx氧化-储存特性和NOx脱附行为. 结果表明, Mn/Ba/Al2O3催化剂具有较高的催化NO氧化活性和较大的NOx储存容量. BaMnO3是主要的活性组分；Mn能够催化NO的氧化反应, 且具有一定的NOx储存能力; Ba是主要的储存组分, 将NOx以硝酸盐的形式储存; 硝酸盐在300～600 ℃分解, 释放出NOx. Mn/Ba/Al2O3催化剂在800 ℃老化6 h后, NO氧化活性和NOx储存能力稍有下降. 低含量的SO2对催化剂的NO氧化活性和NOx储存能力没有明显影响; 高含量的SO2使催化剂的NO氧化活性降低, NOx储存量减小, 最终导致催化剂失活.     

Pd/Mg(Al)O催化剂上NOx的储存 还原

采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备了催化剂Pd/Mg(Al)O，并用XRD、TPD等手段进行了表征。考察了催化剂的NOx储存 还原性能。结果表明，NO在Pd/Mg(Al)O上的主要储存途径是Pd促进NO氧化生成NO2，NO2与Mg(Al)O作用成盐，放出NO；Pd对NO2吸附成盐影响不大。NO在Pd/Mg(Al)O上吸附储存的适宜温度为350℃。350℃下Pd/Mg(Al)O催化剂经15次储存 还原（以H2为还原剂），NOx储存量变化不超过8％，维持在300μmol·g－1以上，N2选择性维持在94％以上。     

NOx储存-还原催化剂Pt-Pd/BaO/TiAlO的制备及其抗硫性能

采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备了新型催化剂Pt-Pd/BaO/TiAlO,通过对催化剂进行NOx吸附储存实验、有硫(SO2)和无硫情况下的NOx储存-还原循环实验以及程序升温脱附、程序升温还原、N2吸附-脱附和X射线衍射等表征分析,考察了该催化剂的储存NOx性能以及抗硫性能.结果表明,在Pt-Pd/BaO/TiAlO中,复合氧化物TiAlO为储存NOx的组分兼载体,Ti和Al原子比为1∶2时,储存NOx能力最大;BaO(4%)作为助剂不但增加了催化剂的热稳定性,还提高了其储存NOx的能力.与Pt/BaO/γ-Al2O3相比,Pt-Pd/BaO/TiAlO具有良好的抗硫性能.Pt-Pd/BaO/TiAlO上吸附形成的硫化物稳定性较差,易被还原脱除,这是其抗硫性能良好的原因之一.     

BaCo1-xFexO3-δ缺陷钙钛矿NOx储存还原催化剂的制备、结构与性能

制备了B位Fe取代的BaCo1-xFexO3-δ系列缺陷钙钛矿型NOx储存还原(NSR)催化剂,考察了其储存NOx与抗硫性能;应用N2吸附-脱附,X射线衍射,红外光谱,程序升温还原和程序升温脱附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Fe的取代提高了BaCoO3的抗硫能力,当x=0.4时,样品具有相对最大的NOx储存量,且...     

介质阻挡放电等离子体与吸附在CuZSM-5上的NO或NO/O2的相互作用

采用吸附和程序升温脱附(TPD)技术研究了介质阻挡放电等离子体对CuZSM-5催化剂上吸附的氮氧化物作用. 实验表明, 介质阻挡放电等离子体使催化剂表面吸附的NO及Cu活性位上吸附的NOx物种脱附, 并引发表面化学反应生成新的氮氧化物. 对于NO/N2体系, 介质阻挡放电等离子体与吸附在CuZSM-5上NO作用, 主要生成N2O和O2. 在富氧体系NO/O2/N2, 则生成较大量的N2O、NO2和NO. 等离子体预处理活性下降的CuZSM-5, 可明显提高其催化分解NO活性. 对比有或无介质阻挡放电等离子体预处理NO或NO/O2饱和吸附的CuZSM-5上的NO-TPD结果表明, 等离子体提高催化剂活性的原因与其使催化剂Cu活性位上吸附的NOx物种脱附有关.     

介质阻挡放电等离子体与吸附在CuZSM-5上的NO或NO/O2的相互作用

采用吸附和程序升温脱附(TPD)技术研究了介质阻挡放电等离子体对CuZSM-5催化剂上吸附的氮氧化物作用.实验表明,介质阻挡放电等离子体使催化剂表面吸附的NO及Cu活性位上吸附的NOx物种脱附,并引发表面化学反应生成新的氮氧化物.对于NO/N2体系,介质阻挡放电等离子体与吸附在CuZSM-5上NO作用,主要生成N2O和O2.在富氧体系NO/O2/N2,则生成较大量的N2O、NO2和NO.等离子体预处理活性下降的CuZSM-5,可明显提高其催化分解NO活性.对比有或无介质阻挡放电等离子体预处理NO或NO/O2饱和吸附的CuZSM-5上的NO-TPD结果表明,等离子体提高催化剂活性的原因与其使催化剂Cu活性位上吸附的NOx物种脱附有关.     

载体焙烧温度对NOx储存还原催化剂K/Pt/TiO2-ZrO2结构与性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备出TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物载体,然后用分步浸渍法制备出K/Pt/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂,考察了载体焙烧温度对催化剂结构和储存氮氧化物性能的影响.X射线衍射结果表明,500℃焙烧载体后催化剂样品为无定形结构,650℃焙烧时开始出现ZrTiO4晶体,并随焙烧温度提高晶形越来越好.NH3程序升温脱附结果表明,500℃焙烧的载体有最大的酸量,但随焙烧温度升高,酸量显著下降,1000℃焙烧后,载体基本无酸性.比表面积和NOx储存量测定结果表明,样品对NOx的储存能力与比表面积之间无顺变关系,载体于500℃焙烧的样品对NOx的储存性能最差,而于800℃焙烧的样品储存性能最佳.原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱结果表明,载体于500℃焙烧的样品中NOx以自由NO3-以及单齿或双齿硝酸根离子的形式存在,而在其它温度焙烧时,只检测到自由的NO3-物种.焙烧温度不仅影响载体的结构和酸碱性,而且影响载体与负载组分间的相互作用,载体表面羟基与K2CO3相互作用形成稳定的-OK基团对NOx储存不利,而高分散的K2CO3相则有利于将NOx物种以硝酸盐的形式储存起来.     

CuO/Ti0.5Zr0.5 O2催化剂上NO+CO反应活性的研究

以Ti0.5Zr0.5O2复合氧化物为载体，采用浸渍法制备了不同负载量的CuO／Ti0.5Zr0.5O2(TZ)催化剂，考察了催化剂对NO的反应活性，并用TPR、TG-DTA和NO-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，CuO的负载量和焙烧温度对催化剂的活性均有影响。30％CuO／Ti0.5Zr0.5O2(500℃，2h)在反应温度为400℃时NO转化率为100％。TPR结果表明，CuO负载量≤12％时，在TPR上出现了2个还原峰(即α和β峰)；而进一步提高CuO的负载量，出现了γ还原峰，推测α峰为高度分散Cu物种的还原，β峰为孤立的Cu物种的还原，γ峰则为晶相CuO的还原峰。TG-DTA图谱显示在725℃左右的放热峰是ZrTiO4晶化过程的完成。NO-TPD结果表明NO吸附在TZ上的热脱附过程中，出现2个脱附峰；而NO吸附在12％CuO／TZ上，500℃和750℃焙烧的催化剂上出现3个脱附峰；而在850℃和950℃焙烧的催化剂上只出现2个脱附峰，且NO在上述不同焙烧温度的催化剂上的脱附峰温均低于载体，这表明NO吸附在CuO／TZ催化剂上比吸附在Ti0.5Zr0.5O2上更容易脱出和分解。     

γ-Mo2N催化剂上H2及NO吸附性质的TPD-MS研究

采用TPD-MS方法研究了H2及NO在γ-Mo2N上的吸附状况．单独的H2-TPD结果表明,当H2在673K吸附时,在443K、573K及723K得到了三个H2脱附峰,表明γ-Mo2N上有三种不同能量的H2吸附位．NO－TPD结果表明,NO吸附后亦有三个脱附峰（383K、493K、543K）,对应着γ-Mo2N上三种不同能量的NO吸附位：低、中、高能吸附位．NO既可以以解离状态,又可以以一种NO三聚态（dimerordinitrosyl）的形式吸附在γ－Mo2N上,这些吸附物种在脱附过程中产生大量的N2及少量的N2O.对比NO吸附在不同处理条件的γ-Mo2N上的TPD结果可知,NO是吸附在γ-Mo2N上的MO的配位不饱和中心上,这些吸附中心既可通过还原催化剂,又可通过在773K抽空钝化态的γ－Mo2N而产生,H2和NO共吸附的结果表明,预吸附H2再吸附NO后,H2和NO的脱附量均大大减少,且只有两个脱附峰出现.NO只在363K及493K出现两个脱附峰,表明预吸附氢占据了NO的强吸附位,且NO很难取代它,从而使NO只能吸附在能量较低的吸附位上;而H2只在523K及723K出现两个脱附峰,且伴随着H2的脱出有N2和H2O的产生,表明在γ－Mo2N上NO可能与预吸附氢形成了一种复合相MoHx（NO）y,它在脱附时分解为H2、N2及H2O.     

磷钨酸“瓶中船”型催化剂的合成、表征及催化分解NOx性能

采用原位合成的方法 ,在微波辐射条件下制备了样品NH4PW-NaY,并通过FTIR、XRD、低温氮吸附-脱附等手段确认了该样品为磷钨酸铵(NH4PW)存在于NaY沸石超笼中的"瓶中船"型催化剂。通过NH4PW与NOx反应生成磷钨酸(HPW)的方式将NH4PW-NaY转化为HPW-NaY,并通过红外及红外吡啶吸附等表征手段证实了NaY沸石超笼中只含有磷钨酸的"瓶中船"型催化剂HPW-NaY被首次制备。随后研究了该催化剂对NOx的吸附-脱附性能,结果表明,在吸附温度为170℃时,HPW-NaY对浓度为1 696 mg.m-3的NOx吸附容量为2.38 mgNOx.gcat-1,在通水蒸汽条件下,催化剂温度降至100℃时所吸附的NOx发生脱附,脱附后的催化剂可重复使用。最后通过程序升温脱附-质谱(TPD-MS)研究了HPW-NaY对NOx的催化分解性能,结果发现NOx在以NaY沸石为载体的HPW上的分解过程中有O2产生,且氧的产生滞后于N2O及N2,HPW-NaY催化分解NOx的转化率及N2选择性分别为61%与75%,均高于单纯HPW催化剂。     

BaCeO3 钙钛矿型氧化物的储氮和抗硫性能研究

采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备了钙钛矿结构的BaCeO3样品,在此基础上再用浸渍法制备了Pt/BaCeO3、 Rh/BaCeO3、 Pt-Rh/BaCeO3样品,并用机械混合γ-Al2O3,再浸渍贵金属的方法制备了Pt/BaCeO3/γ-Al2O3、 Rh/BaCeO3/γ-Al2O3、 Pt-Rh/BaCeO3/γ-Al2O3样品.储氮量(NSC)结果表明:对未加γ-Al2O3的BaCeO3来说,贵金属的加入反而使NSC减小.加入贵金属催化剂的储氮量(NSC)大小为: Pt的最大, Rh的次之, Pt-Rh的最小.γ-Al2O3的加入对BaCeO3吸收NO和O2没有影响.而对于BaCeO3/γ-Al2O3样品,贵金属的加入使NSC值提高了3倍以上.讨论了贵金属加入到BaCeO3/γ-Al2O3样品中显著提高样品储氮能力的原因.结合XRD结果表明,钙钛矿 BaCeO3相是Ba-Ce-O样品主要的NOx储存活性中心.NSC结果还表明, BaCeO3和Pt/BaCeO3催化剂在SO2为≤0.006%时具有较好的抗硫性能.而Pt/BaCeO3/γ-Al2O3催化剂不但具有较好的储氮能力而且具有更好的抗硫性能.     

含贵金属的BaZrO3 储存NOx 催化剂结构及性能研究

A series of perovskite-type BaZrO3 catalysts are prepared by the sol-gel method. Their NOx storage capacity（NSC）and the resistance of SO2 poison are measured. XRD,XPS and FT-IR techniques are also used to characterize their structures and the influence of the structures on performance. The results indicate that,after calcinations at 750 and 900 ℃,the Ba and Zr species mainly exist in the form of perovskite BaZrO3 phase,and the BaCO3 and ZrO2 phases also exist. The presence of bulk nitrate is shown by XRD and FT-IR after BaZrO3 absorbing NOx . The Rh/BaZrO3 is prepared by doping 0.5%Rh on the BaZrO3 with the impregnation method. It is found that the Rh mainly deposits on the surface of catalyst. However,the noble metals 0.5% Rh or Pt well disperse on the surface of the sample after the BaZrO3 is mixed with γ-Al2O3 in equal weight proportion. The structure of perovskite BaZrO3 may be partly broken after doping Rh or Pt,because of the reduction by hydrogen in the process of preparing samples,and then some ZrO2 is enriched on the surface. The BaZrO3 catalysts possess high NSC and high resistance ability of SO2 poison. The NSC of Rh/BaZrO3 decreases compared to that of BaZrO3 . However,the NSC of the samples Pt/BaZrO3/γ-Al2O3 and Rh/BaZrO3/γ-Al2O3 increases by 78% and 15% respectively. It is noticed that the NSC enhances for all the samples containing noble metal Pt or Rh duing the 0.01%SO2 mixed with the NO and O2 . It implies that the NO oxidation is improved by SO2 .     

SO2对Co/MOR催化剂上CH4选择催化还原NO反应性能的影响

考察了富氧条件下SO₂存在对丝光沸石负载的钴催化剂（Co/MOR）上甲烷选择催化还原NO的反应性能的影响,并采用NO程序升温脱附(NO-TPD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)等技术对反应前后催化剂的NO吸附性能和结构特征进行了表征。结果表明,受SO₂气氛的影响,Co/MOR催化剂上NO转化率在低于550℃时下降较大,但在高于600℃时SO₂的影响不明显,而且这种影响是可逆的。SO₂的存在抑制了NO在催化剂活性位上的吸附,同时在反应过程中促进了CoO物种的生成,导致催化剂活性中心数减少、催化剂活性下降。     

Screening by kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of Pt-Au(100) surfaces for the steady-state decomposition of nitric oxide in excess dioxygen

An ab initio-based kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm was developed to simulate the direct decomposition of NO over Pt and different PtAu alloy surfaces. The algorithm was used to test the influence of the composition and the specific atomic surface structure of the alloy on the simulated activity and selectivity to form N2. The apparent activation barrier found for the simulation of lean NO decomposition over Pt(100) was 7.4 kcal/mol, which is lower than the experimental value of 11 kcal/mol that was determined over supported Pt nanoparticles. Differences are likely due to differences in the surface structure between the ideal (100) surface and supported Pt particles. The apparent reaction orders for lean NO decomposition over the Pt(100) substrate were calculated to be 0.9 and -0.5 for NO and O2, respectively. Oxygen acts to poison Pt. Simulations on the different Pt-Au(100) surface alloys indicate that the turnover frequency goes through a maximum as the Au composition in the surface is increased, and the maximum occurs near 44% Au. Turnover frequencies, however, are dictated by the actual arrangements of Pt and Au atoms in the surface rather than by their overall composition. Surfaces with similar compositions but different alloy arrangements can lead to very different activities. Surfaces composed of 50% Pt and 50% Au (Pt4 and Au4 surface ensembles) showed very little enhancement in the activity over that which was found over pure Pt. The Pt-Pt bridge sites required for NO adsorption and decomposition were still effectively poisoned by atomic oxygen. The well-dispersed Pt(50%)Au(50%) alloy, on the other hand, increased the TOF over that found for pure Pt by a factor of 2. The most active surface alloy was one in which the Pt was arranged into "+" ensembles surrounded by Au atoms. The overall composition of this surface is Pt(56.2%)Au(43.8%). The unique "+" ensembles maintain Pt bridge sites for NO to adsorb on but limit O2 as well as NO activation by eliminating next-nearest neighbor Pt-bridge sites. The repulsive interactions between two adatoms prevent them from sharing the same metal atoms. The decrease in the oxygen coverage leads to a greater number of vacant sites available for NO adsorption. This increases the NO coupling reaction and hence N2 formation. The inhibition of the rate of N2 formation by O2 is therefore suppressed. The coverage of atomic oxygen decreases from 53% on the Pt(100) surface down to 19% on the "+" ensemble surface. This increases the rate of N2 formation by a factor of 4.3 over that on pure Pt. The reaction kinetics over the "+" ensemble Pt(56.2%)Au(43.8%) surface indicate apparent reaction orders in NO and oxygen of 0.7 and 0.0, respectively. This suggests that oxygen does not poison the PtAu "+" alloy ensemble. The activity and selectivity of the PtAu ensembles significantly decrease for alloys that go beyond 60% Au. Higher coverages of Au shut down sites for NO adsorption and, in addition, weaken the NO and O bond strengths, which subsequently promotes desorption as well as NO oxidation. The computational approach identified herein can be used to more rapidly test different metal compositions and their explicit atomic arrangements for improved catalytic performance. This can be done "in silico" and thus provides a method that may aid high-throughput experimental efforts in the design of new materials. The synthesis and stability of the metal complexes suggested herein still ultimately need to be tested.     

RhCo双金属催化剂的研究 Ⅱ. Rh+Co/Al2O3上CO吸附态的动态行为与CO歧化

利用CO与NO作为双探针分子和TP-IR动态方法研究了Rh+Co/Al2O3催化剂上的吸附中心类型, CO吸附态的动态行为以及CO歧化反应。结果表明在Rh+Co/Al2O3上存在大量的孪生CO吸附中心和少量的线式CO吸附中心以及Co上的NO吸附中心。在TPD(真空中)动态过程中, 孪生CO谱带强度逐渐减弱并在325℃完全脱除。明显低于Rh4/Al2O3上孪生CO谱带的脱附温度, 表明Co的加入减弱了孪生中心对CO的吸附强度。在TP(CO中)动态过程中, 吸附的CO谱带上250℃以上才发生强度减小直至消失的行为表明CO歧化在250℃以上才发生。并且孪生中心上的歧化速率高于线式中心。     

Catalysis by Using TiO2 Nanoparticles and Nanotubes

TiO2 has attracted considerable attention due to its stability, non-toxicity, low cost, and great potential for use as a photocatalyst in environmental applications. Since strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) of titania-supported noble metals was first reported in 1978, titania supported catalyst has been intensively studied in heterogeneous catalysis. However, the effective catalytic activity was restricted due to the low surface area of TiO2. Recently, TiO2-based nanotubes were extensively investigated because of their potentials in many areas such as highly efficient photocatalysis and hydrogen sensor.In the present study, formation of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes was carried out by hydrothermal method, with TiO2 nanoparticle-powders immersed in concentrated NaOH solution in an autoclave at 110 ℃. Preparation of nano-size Pt on TiO2-nanoparticles or TiO2-nanotubes was performed by photochemical deposition method with UV irradiation on an aqueous solution containing TiO2 and hexachloroplatinic acid or tetrachloroauric acid. The TEM micrographs show that TiO2-nanotubes exhibit ～300 nm in length with an inner diameter of ～ 6 nm and the wall thickness of ～ 2 nm, and homogeneous nanosize Pt particles (～ 2 nm) were well-dispersed on both nanoparticle- and nanotube- titania supports. It also shows the nanotube morphology was retained up2o n Pt-immobilization. Nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77K resulted a high surface area (～ 200m/g) of TiO2-nanotubes, which is about 40 times greater than that of "mother" TiO2 nanoparticles (～5 m/g). All the spectroscopic results exhibited that the nanotube structure was not significantly affected by the immobilized Pt particles. Ti K-edge XANES spectra of TiO2 nanotube and Pt/TiO2-nanotube represent that most titanium are in a tetrahedral coordination with few retained in the octahedral structure.In the in-situ FT-IR experiments, an IR cell was evacuated to a pressure of 10-5 torr at room temperature as soon as the catalyst-pellet, Pt/TiO2 or Pt/TiO2-nanotube, was placed inside the cell.Then, 60 torr of hydrogen was introduced into the cell and subsequently the temperature was programmed to increase from room temperature to 300℃ at a constant heating rate of 5℃/min.For Pt/TiO2, an IR peak at 2083 em-1 started to appear at 200℃ with a maximum intensity at 250℃ and then decreasing as temperature increased. The 2083 em-1 IR peak corresponds to the linearly adsorption of CO on the well-dispersed Pt sites. Simultaneously, the IR bands of gaseous methane at 3016 em-1 started to appear at 225℃ and the peak intensity increased with temperature. The results reveal that Pt/TiO2 can adsorb gaseous CO2 and further catalyzes the reduction of CO2 by H2 through the intermediate CO, which further produces gaseous methane. While for the Pt/TiO2-nanotube catalyst, methane was produced at relatively low temperature, 100℃, and it catalyzed the direct conversion of CO2 to CH4. The absence of intermediate CO-adsorption signals durinng the temperature programmed process indicates that the prepared TiO2 nanotube-supported nanosize Pt possesses a potent capability for CO2 adsorption and highly catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of CO2, and was superior to the conventional Pt/TiO2 catalyst. The catalytic activity of Pt/TiO2-nanotube was indeed significantly enhanced by the high surface area of TiO2-nanotubes.Details will be discussed.     

Adsorption Energetics of NO and CO on Pt(111)

The adsorption energetics of NO and CO on Pt(111) are studied using an ab initio embedding theory. The Pt(111) surface is modeled as a three-layer, 28-atom cluster with the Pt atoms fixed at bulk lattice sites. Molecular NO is adsorbed at high symmetry sites on Pt(111), with the fcc threefold site energetically more favorable than the hcp threefold and bridge sites. The calculated adsorption energy at the fcc threefold site is 1.90 eV, with an N-surface distance of 1.23 Å. The NO molecular axis is perpendicular to the Pt(111) surface. Tilting the O atom away from the surface normal destablizes adsorbed NO at all adsorption sites considered. On-top Pt adsorption has been ruled out. The Pt(111) potential surface is very flat for CO adsorption, and the diffusion barriers from hcp to fcc sites are 0.03 eV and less than 0.06 eV across the bridge and the atop sites, respectively. Calculated adsorption energies are 1.67, 1.54, 1.51, and 1.60 eV at the fcc threefold, hcp threefold, bridge, and atop sites, respectively. Calculated C-surface distances are 1.24 Å at the fcc threefold site and 1.83 Å at the atop site. It is concluded that NO and CO adsorption energetics and geometries are different on Pt(111).     

预吸附氧对NO在Pt(110)表面吸附和分解的影响

 利用程序升温反应谱、X射线光电子能谱和高分辨电子能量损失谱研究了NO在清洁和预吸附氧的Pt(110)表面的吸附和分解. 在清洁的Pt(110)表面,室温下低覆盖度时NO以桥式吸附为主,高覆盖度时NO以线式吸附为主. 加热过程中部分NO(主要是桥式吸附物种)分解,生成N2和N2O. 室温下O2在Pt(110)表面发生解离吸附. Pt(110)表面预吸附氧会抑制桥式吸附NO的生成,并导致其脱附温度降低40 K. 降低脱附温度有利于桥式吸附NO的分子脱附,从而抑制分解反应. 这些结果从表面化学的角度合理地解释了铂催化剂在富氧条件下对NO分解能力的降低.     

CuO/TiO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂表征及对NO+CO反应性能研究

采用色谱-微反流动法反应装置考察了w%CuO/15%TiO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对NO+CO的反应活性;催化剂经空气氛或氢气氛预处理后,NO转化率达100%的反应温度分别是325和275 ℃;XRD仅能检测到γ-Al₂O₃晶相,负载15%CuO后可以检测到微弱的CuO晶相;H₂-TPR能检测到2个CuO的还原峰(α和β峰),将其归属于高度分散的CuO分别在裸露的γ-Al₂O₃和TiO₂/γ-Al₂O₃载体上的还原;原位红外分析结果表明催化剂经空气氛或氢气氛预处理后,吸附NO+CO反应气后,反应的中间产物N₂O出现的温度分别为200和150 ℃。     

利用TPD-MS、IR和XPS表征还原态Co-Mo/Al2O3

本文利用NO或/和CO吸附的TPD-MS方法, 结合IR和XPS对还原态的Co, Mo, Co-Mo/Al_2O_3催化剂进行了深入考索. 结果表明, 还原态的Co-Mo/Al_20_3表面上存在着两种吸附NO的Mo中心. 弱吸附NO(T_(max)为100 ℃)可被吸附的CO取代和强吸附NO(T_(max)为300 ℃)不能被CO取代. 同时存在三种吸附NO的CO中心, T_(max)分别为80 ℃、180 ℃和330 ℃. 前两者能吸附CO, 后者只吸附NO. IR结果对这些不同的Mo中心和Co中心的存在提供了进一步旁证. XPS结果表明提高还原温度, Mo/Al比保持恒定, 但Mo~(4+)浓度增加, 而Co/Al比却因部分Co进入Al_2O_3体相而降低。