过渡金属催化的不对称芳基-芳基偶联反应：轴手性联芳基化合物的合成研究进展

轴手性联芳基化合物广泛应用于材料、染料、医药、不对称催化等诸多领域,是一类重要的化合物。过渡金属催化的不对称偶联反应作为经典的合成方法一直是合成化学家关注的对象。本文介绍了过渡金属催化的芳基-芳基偶联反应在轴手性联芳类化合物的立体选择性合成方面的进展。      

芳基乙烯基硅烷与芳基卤代物的Hiyama偶联反应（英文）

Hiyama偶联反应已经发展成为一种构筑C—C键的常用方法,尤其是在芳基-芳基和芳基-烯基偶联反应领域.Hiyama偶联反应通常需要使用R—SiF₃、R—Si(OMe)₃等活性高但稳定性差的有机硅试剂,发展基于稳定硅烷的Hiyama偶联反应是该领域重要的研究方向.报道了一类钯催化芳基乙烯基硅烷和芳基卤代物的交叉偶联反应,利用芳基乙烯基硅烷实现芳基化反应.反应具有较好的官能团兼容性,为制备二芳基类化合物提供了一种简便高效的途径.     

芳基亚磺酸钠自身偶联合成二芳基砜

在二价铜促进下,芳基亚磺酸钠通过分子间脱硫,发生自身偶联,高选择性高产率地合成了对称性的二芳基砜类化合物。反应无需惰性气体保护,条件温和,具有良好的官能团耐受性,可以用于二芳基砜衍生物的高效合成。     

醋酸铜促进的芳基磺酰肼自身偶联合成二芳基砜

研究了一种新颖的醋酸铜促进的芳基磺酰肼的自身偶联反应.该反应通过分子间脱硫和脱氮的过程,高选择性高产率的合成对称的二芳基砜类化合物.该反应中溶剂对反应的副产物的产生有十分显著的影响.反应无需惰性气体保护,具有良好的官能团耐受性,硝基、卤素等官能团及杂环体系都对反应无明显影响.该合成方法可以用于治疗麻风病的药物氨苯砜的制备.     

α-芳基烯基膦酸酯的合成研究进展

α-芳基烯基膦酸酯是一类重要的有机磷化合物,并且是合成其它有机磷分子的重要中间体.重点综述了过渡金属催化合成α-芳基烯基膦酸酯的进展,如磷氢化反应、C—C偶联反应和C—P偶联反应等,其它非金属催化条件下的几类合成方法也进行了概述.对α-芳基烯基膦酸酯的有机转化及在膦胺霉素衍生物合成中的应用也进行了探讨.     

芳基单取代炔合成方法

综述了各种芳基单取代炔的制备方法;分析了各种方法的反应机制和特点,认为钯催化偶联-消去反应合成芳基单取代炔是比较好的方法。芳基取代聚炔及其衍生物呈现出光、电、磁等许多新颖的性能。芳基单取代炔的合成对芳基取代聚炔的制备起到关键作用。参考文献69篇。     

迭代Suzuki偶联反应合成全氟环丁基芳基醚齐聚物的研究

对迭代Suzuki偶联反应合成全氟环丁基芳基醚齐聚物的方法进行了研究, 并合成了全氟环丁基芳基醚齐聚物. 首先从对溴苯酚出发, 合成了含有一个全氟环丁基芳基醚结构单元的中间体3. 芳基硼酸与中间体3进行Suzuki偶联反应, 得到了含有一个全氟环丁基芳基醚结构单元的硼酸. 重复与中间体3进行Suzuki偶联反应, 从而合成了全氟环丁基芳基醚二聚体和三聚体. 最后通过热环化二聚反应合成了全氟环丁基芳基醚三聚体、五聚体和七聚体.     

芳基锡烷的合成研究进展

芳基锡烷化合物是参与构筑功能分子中芳基碳碳键和碳杂原子键的一类重要合成中间体. 其在药物化学、材料科学以及有机合成中都具有重要应用, 因此发展其高效新颖的合成方法具有重要的意义. 根据反应机理的类型, 综述了近些年来合成芳基锡烷的方法, 包括(1)芳香亲核试剂的锡化反应; (2)芳香亲电试剂的锡化反应; (3)过渡金属催化的锡化偶联反应; (4)芳基自由基中间体介导的锡化反应; (5)炔烃的环化和串联的锡化反应. 最后, 进一步分析了未来合成芳基锡烷的研究趋势.     

新颖的纳米镍催化芳基硼酸与芳基溴的偶联反应

纳米镍用于催化芳基硼酸与芳基溴的偶联反应，合成了一系列4，4′-双烷基环己基联苯类液晶，纳米镍在相转移剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的存在下回流反应15h，目的产物的收率为60%-65%。讨论了纳米镍催化偶联反应的可能活性位，镍催化剂经SEM-EDS表征平衡粒径为80nm，定量分析表明氧含量为33%；XRD测试结果表明纳米镍体相以单质态存在，但其特征谱线的d值普遍增大；由XPS分析得聘书纳米镍的结合能（2p3/2和2p1/2)为854.1eV和871.8eV，峰间距为17.7eV，表明纳米镍是以介于单质镍和氧化镍之间的价态存在。     

芳基重氮盐参与的偶联反应研究进展

芳基重氮盐由于其价廉易得、反应活性高等特点作为芳基化试剂广泛应用于偶联反应中,近年来在有机合成中越来越受到化学家们的重视.综述了2006年以来的芳基重氮盐参与的偶联反应的研究情况,结合本课题组的工作,重点探讨芳基重氮盐在新的碳碳键构筑方式、天然产物骨架的构建、非均相催化领域的延伸以及绿色合成等方面的新应用和新进展.     

Of the ortho effect in palladium/norbornene-catalyzed reactions: a theoretical investigation

Mechanistic questions concerning palladium and norbornene catalyzed aryl-aryl coupling reactions are treated in this paper: how aryl halides react with the intermediate palladacycles, formed by interaction of the two catalysts with an aryl halide, and what is the rational explanation of the "ortho effect" (caused by an ortho substituent in the starting aryl halide), which leads to aryl-aryl coupling with a second molecule of aryl halide rather than to aryl-norbornyl coupling. Two possible pathways have been proposed, one involving aryl halide oxidative addition to the palladacycle, the other passing through a palladium(II) transmetalation, also involving the palladacycle, as previously proposed by Cardenas and Echavarren. Our DFT calculations using M06 show that, in palladium-catalyzed reaction of aryl halides, not containing ortho substituents, and norbornene, the intermediate palladacycle formed has a good probability to undergo transmetalation, energetically favored over the oxidative addition leading to Pd(IV). The unselective sp(2)-sp(2) and sp(2)-sp(3) coupling, experimentally observed in this case, can be explained in the framework of the transmetalation pathway since the energetic difference between aryl attack onto the aryl or norbornyl carbon of the palladacycle intermediate is quite small. On the other hand, according to the experimentally observed "ortho effect", selective aryl-aryl coupling only occurs in the reactions of ortho-substituted metallacycles. The present work offers the first possible rationalization of this finding. These in situ formed palladacycles containing an ortho substituent could more easily undergo oxidative addition of an aryl halide rather than reductive elimination from the transmetalation intermediate as a result of a steric clash in the transition state of the latter. The now energetically accessible Pd(IV) intermediate, featuring a Y-distorted trigonal bipyramidal structure, can account for the reported selective aryl-aryl coupling through a reductive elimination which is easier than aryl-norbornyl coupling. Thus, the steric effect represents the main factor that dictates the energetic convenience of the system to follow the Pd(IV) or the transmetalation pathway. Ortho substituents cause a higher energy transition state for reductive elimination from the transmetalation intermediate than for oxidative addition to the metallacycle palladium(II) and the pathway based on the latter predominates.     

Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Four- and Six-Member Cyclic Products via Sequential Aryl-Aryl Coupling on a Au(111) Surface

We synthesize four- and six-member cyclic products via sequential multi-step aryl-aryl coupling reactions of 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexabromotriphenylene molecules on a Au(111) surface. The final products as well as the organo-gold intermediate structures are identified using scanning tunneling microscopy and density-functional theory simulation. By adjusting reaction temperature and post-annealing temperature, we enhance/suppress the yields of the four-member and six-member cyclic products. We propose an underlying mechanism which is associated with different reaction kinetics of the first-order and second-order reactions. This work exemplifies intricate kinetically-controlled on-surface synthesis when multiple reactions of different reaction order are involved.     

A regioselective palladium-free protocol for accessing unsymmetrical biaryls through ring transformation of 6-aryl-α-pyrones

A regioselective synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls with electron withdrawing or donating substituents is described and illustrated by carbanion-induced ring transformation of 6-aryl-α-pyrones with methoxyacetone in excellent yield. Our methodology is an alternative to classical organometal-catalyzed aryl-aryl coupling reactions and can be applied to the synthesis of functionally demanding naphthyl biaryls for the development of new ligands for asymmetric synthesis.     

Synthetic Strategies in the Preparation of Phenanthridinones

Phenanthridinones are important heterocyclic frameworks present in a variety of complex natural products, pharmaceuticals and displaying wide range of pharmacological actions. Its structural importance has evoked a great deal of interest in the domains of organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry to develop new synthetic methodologies, as well as novel compounds of pharmaceutical interest. This review focuses on the synthesis of phenanthridinone scaffolds by employing aryl-aryl, N-aryl, and biaryl coupling reactions, decarboxylative amidations, and photocatalyzed reactions.     

Synthesis of chrysenosiloles via Mallory photocyclization

Development of synthetic methods for silole-containing or –fused polycyclic aromatic compounds has been in great demand. Described in this paper is an easy synthetic method for the high-efficient synthesis of chrysenosilole derivatives from silatricyclic compounds via the Mallory photocyclization reaction. It is noteworthy that those conventional transition-metal and Lewis acid catalyzed or mediated CC bond coupling reactions did not work well for this aryl-aryl coupling reaction.     

Nucleophilic substitutions and radical reactions of phenylazocarboxylates

tert-Butyl phenylazocarboxylates are versatile building blocks for synthetic organic chemistry. Nucleophilic substitutions of the benzene ring proceed with aromatic amines and alcohols under mild conditions. The attack of aliphatic amines may be directed to the aromatic core as well as to the carbonyl unit leading to azocarboxamides. The benzene ring can further be modified through radical reactions, in which the tert-butyloxycarbonylazo group enables the generation of aryl radicals at either elevated temperatures or under acidic conditions. Radical reactions include oxygenation, halogenation, carbohalogenation, carbohydroxylation, and aryl-aryl coupling.     

Asymmetric synthesis of (+)-vertine and (+)-lythrine

The total syntheses of the Lythracea alkaloids (+)-vertine and (+)-lythrine are described. Enantioenriched pelletierine is used as a chiral building block and engaged into a two step pelletierine condensation leading to two quinolizidin-2-one diastereomers in a 8 : 1 ratio. The major product is used in the synthesis of (+)-vertine via aryl-aryl coupling and ring closing metathesis to provide a Z-alkene α to the lactone carbonyl function. The same procedure was used for (+)-lythrine after base induced epimerization of the main quinolizidin-2-one diastereomer. Alternative classical ring closure strategies like macrolactonisation or aryl-aryl coupling failed.     

Suzuki偶联反应的最新研究进展

Suzuki偶联反应是合成联芳烃化合物的最有效方法之一,近几年来一直是催化化学和有机化学的研究热点.综述了最近几年来Suzuki偶联反应及其在有机合成中的应用研究进展.     

Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET) with 1,4-Bisguanidino-Benzene Derivatives: Comparative Study and Use in Acid-Initiated C-H Activation

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is of key importance in modern synthetic chemistry. Redox-active guanidines were established by our group as valuable alternatives to toxic high-potential benzoquinones in a variety of different PCET reactions. In this work, the PCET reactivity of a series of 1,4-bisguanidino-benzenes varying in their redox potentials and proton affinities is evaluated. The relevant redox and protonation states are fully characterized, and the compounds sorted with respect to their PCET reactivity by comparative PCET experiments supplemented by quantum-chemical calculations. Depending on the studied reactions, the driving force is either electron transfer or proton transfer; thereby the influence of both processes on the overall reactivity could be assessed. Then, two of the PCET reagents are applied in representative oxidative aryl-aryl coupling reactions, namely the intramolecular coupling of 3,3’’-4,4’’-tetramethoxy-o-terphenyl to give the corresponding triphenylene, the intermolecular coupling of N-ethylcarbazole to give N,N’-diethyl-3,3’-bicarbazole, and in the oxidative lactonization of 2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-benzoic acid. Under mild conditions, the reactions proceed fast and efficient. Only small amounts of acid are needed, in clear contrast to the corresponding coupling reactions with traditional high-potential benzoquinones such as DDQ or chloranil requiring a large excess of a strong acid.     

以空气为氧化剂Pd(OAc)2/HPMo/AcOH催化苯液相氧化偶联合成联苯

 研究了以Pd(OAc)2为催化剂,H3PMo12O40为助催化剂,空气为氧化剂,在乙酸溶液中于373 K条件下,在500 ml高压釜中由苯液相氧化偶联合成联苯. 结果表明,反应产物中联苯的选择性高达92%以上,并且只有少量的三联苯副产物生成. 分别考察了H3PMo12O40的加入量和O2分压对以空气或纯O2为氧化剂时Pd/HPMo/AcOH催化苯液相氧化偶联合成联苯反应催化性能的影响. 根据反应液颜色的变化以及文献结果推测,在反应过程中通过钯和钼物种的氧化和还原作用使苯氧化生成联苯.