TG-DSC-MS联用研究不同气氛下腰果壳油改性热塑性酚醛树脂的热裂解特性

采用热重-差示扫描量热-质谱联用技术(TG-DSC-MS)研究了腰果壳油改性热塑性酚醛树脂在不同气氛下热分解过程中质量、能量、气体产物的变化规律,利用Coats-Redfern法计算了腰果壳油改性热塑性酚醛树脂热分解的动力学参数。结果表明,裂解气氛能显著影响样品的热解过程:与氮气气氛下相比,样品在空气气氛下的失重区间总数和主失重区温度范围均增加,且有2个主失重区,裂解更加完全;氮气气氛下,在主失重区表现明显的吸热效应,而在空气气氛下,第Ⅰ主失重区的热效应与升温速率有关,第Ⅱ主失重区放热明显;在反应深度α为0.10~0.90的区间内,分别采用一级四段、一级六段对样品在氮气、空气气氛下的热裂解过程进行模拟,得到氮气气氛下各段的平均活化能为17、65、32、13 kJ·mol-1,空气气氛下各段的平均活化能为72、23、14、12、19、57 kJ·mol-1。不同气氛下,MS总离子流图信号强度与TG曲线的变化规律具有一致性,但气氛种类对裂解产物种类和相对含量有较大影响:惰性气氛(Ar气)下,样品更容易裂解成烷基酚(苯酚、甲基苯酚、乙基苯酚、二甲苯酚、三甲苯酚)、烷基苯(苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、乙基甲苯)等芳香烃类和烷烃类(甲烷、丙烷、丁烷、戊烷、己烷)等气态产物,芳香烃化合物为主产物,生成量在305~333℃达到第一个峰值,408~460℃附近达到第二峰值;而在有氧的空气气氛中,CO2、H2O和甲酸为主要气体产物,释放量明显比惰性气氛下大,芳香烃类化合物只在第一个主失重区有逸出,种类和释放量明显较少,且未检测到烷烃类化合物。     

麻浆卷烟纸热裂解产物的气相色谱/质谱分析

采用热失重(TG)和裂解气相色谱/质谱法(PyGC/MS)研究了麻浆卷烟纸的热裂解行为.在He气气氛围中,将麻浆卷烟纸分别在400、500、600、700、800和900℃下进行热裂解,并以GC/MS对其裂解产物进行定性和半定量分析.结果表明,不同的裂解温度直接影响生成产物的类型和相对含量.麻浆卷烟纸可裂解出1-甲基-1,3-环戊二烯、2-甲基呋喃、2,3-二氢香豆酮、苯和甲苯等156种产物.低温下,裂解产物主要为烯类、呋喃类和酮类化合物;随着裂解温度的增加,烯、酮类的含量下降,苯及其衍生物和稠环芳烃的含量逐渐增加.可通过降低卷烟燃烧温度来降低卷烟纸裂解产生的有害成分含量.如果单纯考虑麻浆卷烟纸的影响,卷烟的最佳燃烧温度应控制在500℃左右.     

在线热裂解/气相色谱-质谱分析3-吡啶甲酸茴香酯的热裂解产物

采用在线热裂解/气相色谱-质谱(Py/GC-MS)联用技术对3-吡啶甲酸茴香酯进行热裂解分析。通过酰氯化和酯化反应合成了新型目标化合物3-吡啶甲酸茴香酯,其分子式为C14H14NO3。目标化合物的结构经核磁氢谱(1H NMR)、核磁碳谱(13C NMR)、红外光谱(IR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)进行确证,并通过热重-微热重-差示扫描量热(TG-DTG-DSC)分析方法对目标化合物的热稳定性进行分析。在空气氛围中,将目标化合物分别于300,600,900℃下进行热裂解,并通过气相色谱-质谱法对其挥发性热裂解产物进行定性和半定量分析。研究显示:目标化合物共经历了两次失重过程。第一次失重在129.9~158.9℃之间,失重2.3%;第二次失重在158.9~274.9℃之间,失重达90.1%,230.1℃时失重率最大。热裂解共产生44种产物,包括具有香味特征的大茴香醛、对甲基苯酚、松油醇、D-香茅醇、大茴香醚和茴香醚等化合物。其中裂解温度对裂解产物的种类和相对含量具有明显影响。300℃时α-二去氢菖蒲烯的相对含量最高,600,900℃时,相对含量最高的分别是大茴香醛和对甲基苯酚。苯甲醛、茴香醚和大茴香醚的相对含量随着温度的升高呈先增加后降低趋势;而对甲基苯酚含量则随着温度的升高而增加。根据主要裂解产物及其相对含量的变化,对目标化合物的裂解机理进行了初步探讨。     

不同氛围下绿原酸的热解行为及其裂解产物中苯酚含量分布规律研究

采用热重分析法(TGA)及在线裂解气相色谱-质谱联用仪(Py/GC - MS)研究了烟草中绿原酸在不同氛围下的热解行为及其含量分布规律.先用TGA确定了绿原酸在氮气氛围中的主要热失重区间,选取4个典型的温度点,再结合卷烟在高温燃烧区的3个温度点,分别在惰性(氦气)和有氧(含9％氧气的氮氧混合气)氛围中进行热裂解实验,对...     

裂解气相色谱-质谱联用法对桔梗浸膏的热裂解产物分析

采用在线热裂解气相色谱-质谱法(Py-GC-MS)法研究了桔梗浸膏热裂解性质.在氦气氛围中,将桔梗浸膏分别在不同温度下进行热裂解,并以气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对其裂解产物进行定性和半定量分析,并用桔梗浸膏进行了卷烟加香试验.结果表明:桔梗浸膏在300,450,600,750,900℃裂解温度下检测到的挥发性热裂解产物分别达20种、33种、48种、46种和46种;桔梗浸膏具有改善和修饰卷烟吸味、丰满烟气、减轻刺激性的作用.桔梗浸膏添加到卷烟中能明显的提高卷烟抽吸品质.     

裂解气相色谱-质谱法对黄芩浸膏热裂解产物分析

采用热失重分析法(TGA)和在线热裂解气相色谱-质谱法(Py-GC-MS)研究了黄芩浸膏热裂解性质。在氦气氛围中,将黄芩浸膏分别在300,450,600,750,900℃下进行热裂解,并以气相色谱-质谱法对其裂解产物进行定性和半定量分析,并用黄芩浸膏进行了卷烟加香试验。结果表明:①在热失重曲线图中不能较明显地看出黄芩浸膏的较大失重点;②黄芩浸膏在上述温度下检测到的主要挥发性热裂解产物分别为12,18,28,42,40种;③600℃以下,黄芩浸膏热裂解产物主要是醛类、酮类、酯类和呋喃类物质;有害物质的量随着温度的升高而提高;900℃时,则主要为苯、甲苯、萘等有害成分;④黄芩浸膏具有提高卷烟香气质量、改善余味、柔和烟气的作用。     

奥克托金(HMX)的T-Jump/FTIR快速热裂解研究

采用T-Jump/FTIR快速热裂解原位红外光谱联用技术研究了奥克托金(HMX)在0.1,0.2,0.3和0.4MPa的Ar气条件下,以1000℃·s-1的升温速率快速升温至设定的反应温度,用快速扫描傅立叶变换红外光谱跟踪分析分解产物的种类和相对摩尔浓度的变化,研究了温度及压力对初始检测产物的影响.结果表明,HMX在快速热裂解5s过程中红外所检测到的主要气相产物为CO,CO2,NO,NO2,N2O,HCONH2,CH2O,H2O,HNCO及HCN,并给出了这些产物相对摩尔浓度随时间变化的曲线.根据气体产物相对摩尔浓度的比率N2O/HCN,研究了压力和反应温度对HMX的快速热裂解过程及机理的影响,认为在低温HMX分解的C—N键断裂在两竞争反应中占优,通过压力的变化证明了气相产物之间存在二次反应.     

乙烯基硅氮烷-巯基共聚物热裂解研究

采用红外(FTIR)、热失重, 热分析以及质谱联用(TGA-DTA-MS)、X射线衍射仪(XDR)、能谱仪对紫外光固化乙烯基硅氮烷-巯基共聚体系的热裂解行为进行了分析和表征. 结果表明: 300～500 ℃为聚合物裂解反应的主要温度范围. 裂解过程会逸出多种小分子气体, 其中体系中的S元素可能主要是以H2S和SO2和噻吩类的形式逸出; 最终质量保持率为55.3 wt%; 热裂解转化物表观密度出现先下降后上升的趋势, 最终达到2.09 g•cm－3; 在保温2 h的条件下, 热裂解转化物在1400 ℃下生成少量Si3N4晶体, 在1600 ℃下, 热裂解转化物晶体质量组成为m(SiO2)∶m(Si3N4)∶m(SiC)＝3∶26∶71, 结晶度达到91.3%.     

应用TGA-FTIR研究不同来源污泥的燃烧和热解特性

在空气气氛下，利用热重分析方法研究了三种不同来源的污泥燃烧特性。探讨水处理工艺和污泥处理工艺对污泥中有机物的分布影响和燃烧特性影响。研究发现，污水厌氧工艺和污泥厌氧工艺均导致结构复杂、燃烧温度高的有机物生成。在氮气气氛下利用热重红外联用技术，对比研究了同种污泥的热解和燃烧特性，污泥热解主要发生有机物裂解成小分子和小分子的挥发，氧气的存在加速了污泥的裂解。污泥热解温度200℃～500℃，主要气体H2O、CO2、CO以及甲烷等烃类，CO2在高温750℃还存在一个析出峰，由于无机碳酸盐的分解。     

抽提物对生物质热裂解机理的影响研究

利用惰性溶剂从生物质中提取得到相应抽提物,在热重红外联用仪上研究了抽提物的热裂解行为,并探讨了其对生物质热裂解的影响。结果表明,因不同种类生物质中木质素结构单元中紫丁香基和愈创木基数量不同,从而导致抽提物成分存在差异,相应的热裂解产物分布也不一致。水曲柳抽提物因含有较多的酚类物质而在热解高温段生成了甲醇和甲烷。相比于原样,抽提残渣反应活化能增加,且主要产物析出时间提前,同时酸类物质和直链烷烃析出量减少,而水、CO2、CO和醛类物质的产量则有所增加。     

Synthesis and structure of hydroxyisoxazolidines and derivatives of hydroxylamine and alkenals

The reactions of N-substituted hydroxylamines with alkenals serve as a method for the synthesis of the corresponding 2-substituted 3(5)-hydroxyisoxazolidines. The reaction pathway is determined by the nature of the substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. Ring-chain isomerism has been detected in these newly obtained compoundsTranslated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1270–1276, September, 1987.     

Synthesis and characterization of triazenide and triazene complexes of ruthenium and osmium

Triazenide [M(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 [M = Ru, Os; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl; P = P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] complexes were prepared by allowing triflate [M(kappa2-OTf)P4]OTf species to react first with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene and then with an excess of triethylamine. Alternatively, ruthenium triazenide [Ru(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 derivatives were obtained by reacting hydride [RuH(eta2-H2)P4]+ and RuH(kappa1-OTf)P4 compounds with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of the [Ru(eta2-1,3-PhNNNPh){P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 derivative. Hydride triazene [OsH(eta1-1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar)P4]BPh4 [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl] and [RuH{eta1-1,3-p-tolyl-N=NN(H)-p-tolyl}{PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 derivatives were prepared by allowing kappa1-triflate MH(kappa1-OTf)P4 to react with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The [Os(kappa1-OTf){eta1-1,3-PhN=NN(H)Ph}{P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 intermediate was also obtained. Variable-temperature NMR studies were carried out using 15N-labeled triazene complexes prepared from the 1,3-Ph15N=N15N(H)Ph ligand. Osmium dihydrogen [OsH(eta2-H2)P4]BPh4 complexes [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] react with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene to give the hydride-diazene [OsH(ArN=NH)P4]BPh4 derivatives. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the [OsH(PhN=NH){PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 complex is reported. A reaction path to explain the formation of the diazene complexes is also reported.     

Investigation of adhesion and mobility of polyurethane and epoxy-rubber glues and adhesives

The values of activation parameters in uncured and cured epoxy resins, rubbers, and blends thereof are investigated. The dependences of activation energy and adhesion strength of epoxy-rubber compositions on rubber content are determined. The correlation of adhesion and activation energy values for polyurethane rubber and epoxy-rubber compositions is shown.     

Mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine and perforine and of their derivatives

Conclusions The mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine, perforine, and their derivatives have been studied. The influence of the open and cyclic forms of the molecular ion on the nature of the fragmentation has been discussed. The main routes of fragmentation of the compounds considered are due to the presence of substituents at C₈ and C₄.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 273–279, 1969     

Crystal and molecular structure of aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- and benzaldehydes

Aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- (I) and benzaldehydes (IV) and benzoylhydrazones of acet- (II) and benzaldehydes (III) were studied by x-ray structural and quantum-chemical methods in order to establish their structures. Compund (I) was the EEZ structure in the crystal. Calculations and spectral data showed that the EEE form occurs in nonpolar solvents and in the gas phase. According to crystallographic data molecules (I)–(IV) are the E-isomers (relative to the N-N bond) and the hydrazone fragments are planar. Intermolecular N-H...O H-bonds from in the crystals. The data obtained suggest that the majority of acylhydrazones are conformationally rigid on dissolution although exceptions do occur. Apparently the reasons for the difference of acetyl- and benzoylhydrazones in electrocarboxylation reactions are electronic and not steric factors.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 75–81, January, 1991.     

Preparation and characterization of diarylphosphazene and diarylphosphinohydrazide complexes of titanium, tungsten and ruthenium and phosphorylketimido complexes of rhenium

Reaction of the proligand Ph2PN(SiMe3)2 (L1) with WCl6 gives the oligomeric phosphazene complex [WCl4(NPPh2)]n, 1 and subsequent reaction with PMe2Ph or NBu4Cl gives [WCl4(NPPh2)(PMe2Ph)] (2) or [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] (3), respectively. DF calculations on [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] show a W=N double bond (1.756 A) and a P-N bond distance of 1.701 A, which combined with the geometry about the P atom suggests, there is no P-N multiple bonding. Reaction of L1 with [ReOX3(PPh3)2] in MeCN (X = Cl or Br) gives [ReX2(NC(CH3)P(O)Ph2)(MeCN)(PPh3)](X = Cl, 4, X = Br, 5) which contains the new phosphorylketimido ligand. It is bound to the rhenium centre with a virtually linear Re-N-C arrangement (Re-N-C angle = 176.6 degrees, when X = Cl) and there is multiple bonding between Re and N (Re-N = 1.809(7) A when X = Cl). The proligand Ph2PNHNMe2(L2H) reacts with [(C5H5)TiCl3] to give [(C5H5)TiCl2(Me2NNPPh2)] (6). An X-ray crystal structure of the complex shows the ligand (L2) is bound by both nitrogen atoms. Reaction of the proligands Ph2PNHNR2[R2 = Me2 (L2H), -(CH2CH2)2NCH3 (L3H), (CH2CH2)2CH2 (L4H)] with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave [RuCl2(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)L] {L = L2H (7), L3H (8), L4H (9)}. The X-ray crystal structures of 7-9 confirmed that the phosphinohydrazine ligand is neutral and bound via the phosphorus only. Reaction of complexes 7-9 with AgBF4 resulted in chloride ion abstraction and the formation of the cationic species [RuCl(6-p-MeC6H4iPr)(L)]+ BF4- {(L = L2H (10), L3H (11), L4H (12)}. Finally, reaction of complex 6 with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave the binuclear species [(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)Cl2Ru(mu2,eta3-Ph2PNNMe2)TiCl2(C5H5)], 13.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

Glycolate and Thioglycolate Complexes of Rhenium and Their Oxidative Elimination of Ethylene and of Glycol

Selenium dioxide and osmium tetroxide are effective reagents and catalysts for olefin oxidation, although, owing to their toxicity, reservations remain as to their applicability.^[1] We are therefore seeking more easily handled metal oxides that are soluble in organic solvents and that are as effective as osmium tetroxide in carrying out stereospecific cis hydroxylation of olefins. The rhenium(VII ) oxide 1 , which has meanwhile become readily accessible, is a favorable candidate.^[2]