模块化自组装高效毛细管电泳教学仪的研制及实验教学应用

报道了一种新型仪器分析实验教学仪--“模块化自组装高效毛细管电泳教学仪”的研制及其在实验教学中的应用。对教学仪的结构设计、仪器组装和制作、工作原理以及教学应用实例进行了详细阐述和讨论。相比于目前教学中使用的商品化的高效毛细管电泳仪,该教学仪具有简单直观、模块化、自组装、价格低廉、便于推广的特点,能有效地将理论知识与对应的实践课程相结合,学生通过对仪器的动手组装深入了解其构造及功能,掌握分离原理和熟悉仪器操作,达到了提高教学效果和培养学生综合能力的目的。     

仪器分析课程中的毛细管电泳实验--非水毛细管电泳同时分析环境水样中的无机阳离子

介绍一个快速、简单、实用的毛细管电泳实验,适用于仪器分析课程中的毛细管电泳实验教学.通过实验有助于学生理解酸度对电渗流的影响,有机酸络合剂对金属离子分离的影响,了解直接检测和间接检测等概念,并学习电泳淌度的计算方法.     

面向本科生开设毛细管电泳实验的探索和实践

教学与科研相结合 ,以科研成果充实和更新实验教学内容。采用自主研发的“CES2 0 0 0型毛细管电泳仪”作为教学仪器 ,在基础仪器分析实验中面向本科生开设毛细管电泳实验。     

毛细管区带电泳法分离测定磺胺药物残留综合实验设计与实践*

结合科研项目,选取学生熟悉的实际样品设计了一个适用于本科教学的仪器分析综合实验——毛细管区带电泳法分离测定磺胺药物残留综合实验设计与实践。详细展示了土壤样品、茶叶样品中磺胺类药物残留完整的分离分析的实验教学过程:首先学生利用有机化学知识对磺胺标准品衍生化,对实际样品进行预处理,然后借助仪器分析化学知识展开分组讨论,从缓冲液浓度、pH、温度等方面探究毛细管电泳分离分析磺胺类药物残留的最优条件,自主设计迁移时间、峰面积重现性实验和加标回收率实验考察实验重现性、精密度,并根据实验实时融入食品、药品安全课程思政。据此培养学生运用综合知识分析和解决实际问题能力、团队分工协助意识和严谨的实验态度,打破科研与教学的壁垒,实现科研对实验教学的带动作用。     

线上线下融合的仿真实验软件(电子书)研发及其教学应用——以毛细管电泳实验为例

以Web设计语言和Photoshop、Flash、3D Max等工具绘制动画和3D仿真图,自主研发了毛细管电泳实验的仿真实验软件(电子书)。对仿真实验软件的设计思路、功能模块的实现、教学应用和效果等作了详细叙述。开发的电子书涵盖了实验原理、仪器介绍、样品制备、仪器参数设置、样品测试、数据处理、实验报告等完整的实验流程。电子书的内容完全与我院现行“仪器分析实验”的真实实验和纸质版教材相匹配,从而实现了“虚拟实验”与“真实实验”相融合,线上线下实验教学相融合。电子书中丰富的动画、仿真和实物图片,充分发挥出视觉效应和感观思维的优势,很好地克服了传统实验教学中的时空限制以及纸质版教材单调枯燥的不足,极大地激发学生的学习积极性,提高了学生的学习兴趣和学习效率。     

毛细管电泳药物筛选方法与技术

毛细管电泳（CE）在新药研发领域显示着重要的应用前景。CE使用水溶液介质作为实验体系,保证了药物筛选在类似于生命介质的环境中进行,优于其他传统体外仪器筛选方法。除了维持被筛选分子和作用对象的生物活性外,CE筛选过程着重突出配体与受体之间的相互作用。毛细管电泳药物筛选瞄准与药理学理论相关的重要参数,如结合常数K_b 、结合速率常数K_on 和解离速率常数K_off ,有利于模拟并预测机体内靶标与药物之间的相互作用过程。该文回顾了毛细管电泳进行药物筛选的历史,评述了毛细管电泳药物筛选方法所依据的理论和相对成熟的各种常用方法,并抽取了部分典型实例以及相关技术进行说明,对以亲和毛细管电泳、动力学毛细管电泳为手段的药物筛选方法进行了介绍,包括分子和细胞层次的药物筛选,以及针对不同类型的候选药物的研究工作都有提及。毛细管电泳与多种技术的联用,包括与质谱以及化学发光等联用发挥了更大的效能。联用方法还应用于中药有效成分的筛选。毛细管电泳在DNA编码化合物库筛选中将有良好应用前景。馏分收集的发展为筛选药物提供了广阔前景,它配合指数富集配体系统进化技术为毛细管电泳药物筛选提供了更多可能。总之,毛细管电泳多样可选的药物筛选方法和技术将为新概念的药物筛选与药物评价提供有力支撑。     

“毛细管电泳电化学发光微型综合分析仪”通过验收

不久前,由中科院长春应化所完成的中科院科研装备研制项目“毛细管电泳电化学微型综合分析仪”,在长春通过了以张玉奎院士为首的专家组验收。专家组认为,该仪器性能良好、灵敏度高、稳定性强、国内外目前尚无该种仪器。毛细管电泳技术和微流控芯片分析方法由于其分别具有分离效率高、生物兼容性好、利于微型化、集成化等特点而被广泛应用于分析科学领域,日益引起国内外的广泛关注。而将二者有机结合,优势互补,搭建一个便捷式经济型多功能生物分析平台——毛细管电泳电化学发光微型综合分析仪,进一步拓展其分析对象和应用范围,更是国际电分析化学领域竞相研发的重要前沿方向。该仪器是由多通道数据采集分析仪、多功能化学发光监测仪、数控电化学分析恒电位仪、数控毛细管/芯片电泳高压电源等控件所组成的专用系统;系统成功构建了基于WINDOWS操作系统的多窗口、多界面分析化学数据采集与处理平台,实现了多种控制部件的系统连接与控制;在硬件设计中,系统采用了分布式微处理器结构,集成了多个通用或专用处理器管理各控制部件,使系统具有了很高的灵活性和可靠性。系统中的所有部件既可组合使用,也可单独作为具备相应功能的单项仪器使用。在软件设计中,设计了完善的同步测试功能;针对...     

手性药物对映体分离检测的研究式开放性实验

以市售手性药物氧氟沙星药片为实际样品,采用毛细管电泳/非接触式电导法分离检测药片中的氧氟沙星对映体含量.实验内容包括：石英毛细管的处理,样品的前处理技术,实验条件和仪器参数调试,样品分析及实验报告.该实验可推荐作为高年级本科生的仪器分析研究式开放性教学实验.     

毛细管电泳中样品的在线富集

由于毛细管进样体积小以及在柱检测光程短,极大地限制了毛细管电泳检测灵敏度的提高.为了提高毛细管电泳的检测灵敏度,多种样品富集的方法得以发展.本文对近年来毛细管电泳的样品预富集方法与应用作一简明的综述。     

毛细管电泳样品电堆积富集过程的数值研究

毛细管电泳样品电堆积富集过程可以浓缩样品组分,从而提高检测灵敏度,是一种有效的样品富集技术。本文通过合理的简化和假设,把毛细管中电堆积富集过程中所涉及的主要变量根据电势分布方程、缓冲溶液的浓度方程和样品粒子的质量传输方程进行耦合求解,建立了一个一维的数学模型,并应用有限元的方法对该模型进行了求解。计算结果给出了毛细管中缓冲溶液浓度及电场强度的分布随时间变化的过程,以及富集过程中毛细管中的电势分布曲线;得到了样品粒子浓度在电堆积富集过程和富集之后的再次扩散过程中的分布曲线以及正、负样品粒子的分离过程;最后分析了不同缓冲溶液浓度比对样品富集效果的影响。该研究为样品电堆积富集技术的进一步完善提供了一种简单可行的理论研究方法。     

A decade of capillary electrophoresis

Since the introduction of the first commercial capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument a decade ago, CE applications have become widespread. Today, CE is a versatile analytical technique which is successfully used for the separation of small ions, neutral molecules, and large biomolecules and for the study of physicochemical parameters. It is being utilized in widely different fields, such as analytical chemistry, forensic chemistry, clinical chemistry, organic chemistry, natural products, pharmaceutical industry, chiral separations, molecular biology, and others. It is not only used as a separation technique but to answer physicochemical questions. In this review, we will discuss different modes of CE such as capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, and capillary electrochromatography, and will comment on the future direction of CE, including array capillary electrophoresis and array microchip separations.     

毛细管电泳及其在朊病毒检测中的应用

本文简单介绍了毛细管电泳(CE)的发展前景,较详细地综述了毛细管电泳在朊病毒(PrPSc)检测方面的应用。CE作为1990年代末期发展最快的分析化学领域,已经在可传播性海绵状脑病(TSEs)的诊断检测方面显示了特有的优越性,成为目前唯一可以检测血中PrPSc的方法,为实现TSEs的生前诊断提供了新的思路。     

谈毛细管电泳分离异构体实验的教与学

以毛细管电泳分离异构体的实验教学为例，探讨了提高仪器分析实验教学效果的有效途径。     

Aptamers as analytical reagents

Many important analytical methods are based on molecular recognition. Aptamers are oligonucleotides that exhibit molecular recognition; they are capable of specifically binding a target molecule, and have exhibited affinity for several classes of molecules. The use of aptamers as tools in analytical chemistry is on the rise due to the development of the "systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment" (SELEX) procedure. This technique allows high-affinity aptamers to be isolated and amplified when starting from a large pool of oligonucleotide sequences. These molecules have been used in flow cytometry, biosensors, affinity probe electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography, and affinity chromatography. In this paper, we will discuss applications of aptamers which have led to the development of aptamers as chromatographic stationary phases and applications of these stationary phases; and look towards future work which may benefit from the use of aptamers as stationary phases.     

The use of naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde for the analysis of primary amines using high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

This paper reviews analytical methods, instrumental developments and applications for derivatization of primary amines with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde using fluorescence and chemiluminescence detection with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The use of lasers as well as lamps as the excitation source for fluorescence detection is discussed. The detection limit observed with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde derivatization is often lower and better than those obtained with other analytical separations and other fluorescent dyes. In addition, this paper describes the crucial points that influence the stability of NDA primary amine derivatives, and summarize the separation, derivatization and migration conditions of the different techniques, with their advantages and drawbacks.     

Analytical applications of membrane extraction in chromatography and electrophoresis

An overview of the analytical applications of membrane-based systems for sample enrichment in chromatography and capillary electrophoresis is presented. A brief introduction to the different types of membranes and the main forces related to the transport through them is also given.     

化学化工虚拟仿真实验教学中心建设与实践

为了有效解决化学化工类实验教学无法或者难以实现的教学过程问题,组建了黑龙江大学化学化工虚拟仿真实验教学中心,搭建了辅助虚拟实验教学和管理于一体的开放共享的虚拟仿真信息化网络平台,设计开发了系列化工、制药、仪器类虚拟仿真实验教学项目,开展理论课+线下实验课+虚拟仿真实验+慕课四维课程体系建设,期望提升本科一流专业和拔尖人才试验班建设以及本科人才培养,为提高学校本科教学质量提供有力的保障。     

Conductivity detection in capillary electrophoresis

Among electrochemical detection methods in capillary electrophoresis, conductometric methods are of specific interest for the determination of inorganic species. This is due to the fact that inorganic ions exhibit a high equivalent conductivity which corresponds to the analytical signal in conductivity detection. Indirect optical absorption methods, which are widely used in capillary electrophoretic ion analyses, become less sensitive with smaller capillary dimensions and thus have disadvantages in electrokinetic chip separation technologies.Conductivity detection for capillary electrophoresis is performed either through galvanic contact or in a contactless mode. Techniques using a galvanic contact of the sample ions with the measuring electrode are performed either on-capillary without decoupling of the separation high voltage, or off-capillary after grounding the separation voltage in order to avoid interferences. This technology is specifically important when a suppressor is used prior to detection. Most contactless methods use oscillometric techniques in order to obtain the analytical signal.This review discusses the theoretical and instrumental background of conductivity detection in capillary electrophoresis and reports on recent aspects and applications using conductometric detection methods for capillary zone electrophoresis.     

Analysis of agrochemicals by capillary electrophoresis

An increasing amount of articles using capillary electrophoresis as an investigation tool for pesticides and environmental pollutants were found over the last few years in analytical chemistry oriented journals. This review covers a wide literature range of the 1990s and concentrates on the analysis of organic agrochemicals (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, etc.) with capillary electrophoresis (capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography with CE-UV-visible or laser-induced fluorescence detection) as well as with the on-coming hyphenated techniques like capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The principal preconcentration methods that allowed real sample analysis with CE are also briefly discussed. The pesticides, the separation methods, the used electrolytes, the detection types, the detection limits and the preconcentration methods were classified and presented in tabulated form as a rapid information tool.     

Current status of modern analytical luminescence methods

Modern analytical luminescence methods and their recent applications are reviewed with emphasis on the most sensitive methods that can be expected to be useful in future microanalytical systems such as μ-TAS, lab-on-chip, point-of-care (POC) and high throughput screening (HTS) applications. Photoluminescence (PL) is presently the most important group of analytical techniques utilising luminescence. Because of the rapidly increasing popularity of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and its applications, we have given particular attention to ECL mechanisms and techniques. Due to the present and future importance of capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a separation method, the CE detection methods based on luminescence are also considered in a relatively detailed way. For those researchers, designing novel experiments and assays, experimental set-ups, and apparatus we include web links to the manufacturers of some fairly rare reagents, as well as modern instrument components.