快速溶剂萃取-毛细管电泳法测定土壤和底泥中磺胺类药物残留

建立了一种快速溶剂萃取(ASE)-毛细管电泳检测土壤和底泥中磺胺类药物残留的新方法。通过优化ASE的萃取条件,选取甲醇为萃取剂,在70℃、10.3 MPa的条件下提取土壤和底泥样品中的磺胺类药物。毛细管电泳检测磺胺嘧啶,磺胺甲基嘧啶和磺胺间二甲氧基嘧啶的标准曲线具有良好的线性(r>0.999)。方法的定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)为0.056～0.070 mg/kg。日内相对标准偏差在0.4%～2.5%之间,日间相对标准偏差在1.2%～4.6%之间。3个加标水平0.100、0.625、2.50 mg/kg的平均回收率在82%～103%之间,RSD≦4.3%。方法已用于土壤和底泥样品前处理和磺胺类药物残留检测。     

新型富集仪的研制及其实验教学应用

报道了新型实验教学仪器——"毛细管电泳富集仪"的研制及实验教学开发应用。对该仪器的工作原理、仪器性能、工作参数以及实际富集效果和教学应用进行了详细的说明和讨论,对于影响样品富集效果的各个因素进行了探讨。实验结果表明,该仪器的实际富集因子可达560倍。采用研制的毛细管电泳富集仪对原有实验进行深度开发,深化和丰富了仪器分析实验的实验教学内容。     

Determination of sulfonamide residues in soit and bottom sediment by accelerated solvent extractioncapillary electrophoresis

建立了一种快速溶剂萃取( ASE) -毛细管电泳检测土壤和底泥中磺胺类药物残留的新方法.通过优化ASE的萃取条件,选取甲醇为萃取剂,在70C、10.3 MPa的条件下提取土壤和底泥样品中的磺胺类药物.毛细管电泳检测磺胺嘧啶,磺胺甲基嘧啶和磺胺间二甲氧基嘧啶的标准曲线具有良好的线性(r＞0.999).方法的定量限(LOQ,S/N=1O)为0.056 ～0.070 mg/kg.日内相对标准偏差在0.4％ ～2.5％之间,日间相对标准偏差在1.2％ ～4.6％之间.3个加标水平0.100、0.625、2.50 mg/kg的平均回收率在82％～103％之间,RSD≦4.3％.方法已用于土壤和底泥样品前处理和磺胺类药物残留检测.     

猪肉中四种磺胺类药物残留的快速HPLC测定法

本文研究了一种快速、方便的测定猪肉中四种磺胺类药物;磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)、磺胺甲基噻啶(SMR)、磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)、磺胺噬啶(STH)的高效液相色谱法。采用乙腈、氯仿提取样品,液液分配净化,再以RP-HPLC分离,紫外检测器254nm波长下检测定量、空白样品添加0.05～0.2mg/kg四种磺胺药物,回收率在74～85%的范围内;变异系数为2～7%;可检测出样品中低至5μg/kg的磺胺药物残留。     

毛细管电泳-电化学检测法测定饲料中的磺胺类药物

采用毛细管电泳-电化学检测法(CE-ED),对饲料中的6种磺胺类药物磺胺脒、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑进行了分离和测定。分别考察了工作电极电位、运行缓冲液的pH和浓度、分离电压和进样时间等实验参数对实验结果的影响。在优化的实验条件下,以直径300μm的碳圆盘电极为工作电极,检测电位为0.95 V(vs.SCE),在30 mmol/L硼砂-KH2PO4(pH7.6)的运行缓冲溶液中,6个分析物能够在16 min内实现很好的基线分离,被测物浓度与峰电流在3个数量级呈良好的线性,检出限(S/N=3)范围0.08～0.20μg/mL。该方法已应用于实际样品的分析。     

毛细管区带电泳化学发光法测定食品中残留的磺胺类药物

基于碱性介质中,磺胺类药物对Ag(Ⅲ)配合物与鲁米诺(Luminol,Lu)化学发光体系的发光强度有抑制作用,建立了毛细管电泳-化学发光分离检测磺胺甲噁唑(Sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(Sulfadimethoxine,SDM)、磺胺噻唑(Sulfathiazole,ST)的方法.3种磺胺类药物经毛细管电泳分离后,分别与Ag(Ⅲ)配合物和鲁米诺化学发光体系作用,以相对迁移时间定性,相对化学发光强度定量,采用标准曲线法测定样品中的待测物含量.对影响毛细管电泳的分离与化学发光检测的条件均进行了优化.在最佳分离检测条件下,3种磺胺类药物在2.0 ～ 200 μg/mL范围内线性良好(r＞0.9977).对3种磺胺类药物平行测定7次,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3％～1.9％,3种磺胺类物质的检出限分别为0.33,0.20和0.034 μg/mL,加标回收率为80.2％ ～ 102.9％.将本方法应用于猪肉、鸡肉、牛奶中的3种磺胺类药物残留量检测,结果令人满意.     

手性药物对映体分离检测的研究式开放性实验

以市售手性药物氧氟沙星药片为实际样品,采用毛细管电泳/非接触式电导法分离检测药片中的氧氟沙星对映体含量.实验内容包括：石英毛细管的处理,样品的前处理技术,实验条件和仪器参数调试,样品分析及实验报告.该实验可推荐作为高年级本科生的仪器分析研究式开放性教学实验.     

模块化自组装高效毛细管电泳教学仪的研制及实验教学应用

报道了一种新型仪器分析实验教学仪--“模块化自组装高效毛细管电泳教学仪”的研制及其在实验教学中的应用。对教学仪的结构设计、仪器组装和制作、工作原理以及教学应用实例进行了详细阐述和讨论。相比于目前教学中使用的商品化的高效毛细管电泳仪,该教学仪具有简单直观、模块化、自组装、价格低廉、便于推广的特点,能有效地将理论知识与对应的实践课程相结合,学生通过对仪器的动手组装深入了解其构造及功能,掌握分离原理和熟悉仪器操作,达到了提高教学效果和培养学生综合能力的目的。     

配位作用毛细管电泳方法研究

研究了一种以过渡金属离子为添加剂,基于配位相互作用的毛细管电泳技术。选择7种芳香胺类化合物作为分析对象,考察了金属离子种类和浓度、运行介质酸度、电压对配位毛细管电泳的影响。通过对邻苯二胺变质样品的鉴别以及实际合成药磺胺类药物的分离,考察了这种毛细管电泳分离技术的分离能力,效果令人满意。应用于颠茄磺苄啶片中磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)的定量测定时,SMZ的检出限为0.12 mmol/L;线性范围为0.25~10 mmol/L(r2=0.9917);平均加样回收率为97.8%,表明所建立的配位作用毛细管电泳(C ICE)方法,具有稳定、可靠的定性和定量分析能力。     

固相萃取–高效液相色谱法同时测定饲料中4种磺胺类药物残留

建立固相萃取–高效液相色谱法同时测定饲料中的磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺喹恶啉4种磺胺类药物残留的方法。样品用乙腈提取,然后用碱性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化,色谱柱为C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm),以水–乙腈(体积比为75∶25,含0.3%乙酸)为流动相,流量为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为270 nm。4种磺胺类药物的质量浓度在1~10μg/mL范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.025~0.133μg/g。磺胺类药物测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.22%~0.30%(n=6),样品加标回收率为93.6%~106.7%。实际饲料样品中均未检出这4种磺胺组分。该方法具有干扰少,灵敏度高,重复性好的优点,可以作为饲料中的磺胺类药物残留的一种检测方法。     

Synthesis and structure of hydroxyisoxazolidines and derivatives of hydroxylamine and alkenals

The reactions of N-substituted hydroxylamines with alkenals serve as a method for the synthesis of the corresponding 2-substituted 3(5)-hydroxyisoxazolidines. The reaction pathway is determined by the nature of the substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. Ring-chain isomerism has been detected in these newly obtained compoundsTranslated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1270–1276, September, 1987.     

红霉素9,11-亚胺醚和乙腈分子加合物的合成和晶体结构

通过控制红霉素A (E)肟的贝克曼重排反应条件合成了一种关键中间体红霉素9,11-亚胺醚, 该化合物可与乙腈形成稳定的分子加合物(摩尔比为1∶1), 未见文献报道. 阐述了该化合物的合成、晶体结构、晶体学数据和结构参数. 该化合物为无色透明晶体, 属单斜晶系, 空间群P2₁. 对该加合物和已知化合物红霉素6,9-亚胺醚晶体结构的对照解析, 有助于对重排反应机理、异构化机理和两异构体还原差异性的分析, 对重排反应和还原反应起到积极的指导作用.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

Sizes of atoms and ions and covalency of bonding in molecules and crystals

A new system of atomic radii for the elements up to barium inclusive is constructed. Values of the radii are chosen so as the dependence between the dissociation energy of diatomic homonuclear molecules and a depth of atom overlapping is monotonous, and the scatter of data is minimal. The depth of overlapping is calculated as a difference between the sum of atomic radii and an experimental interatomic distance. Conclusions are made that: the radii of free atoms and ions are determined by the value of the electron density equal to 0.01 au; they considerably change in molecules and crystals only as a result of the charge transfer from cation to anion; covalent bonding is well described by the overlapping of free atoms (ions), confined by the surface of the given radius, and its energy depends upon the depth of overlapping of valence electron densities of atoms. A method of overlapping atoms is proposed for the approximate estimation of ionic sizes and charges in bound systems.     

四环素-铕与卵磷脂的相互作用及卵磷脂的测定

以四环素(TC)-Eu3 作为荧光探针,提出了新的荧光光度法测量卵磷脂(PC)。在pH 5.7的酸度条件下,扫描不同浓度的PC与TC-Eu3 的荧光光谱。通过优化实验条件,得到了测定PC的最佳条件。卵磷脂能使TC-Eu3 位于612 nm处的特征荧光显著增强且增强的荧光强度与PC的量成正比。测量的线性范围为4.0×10-7~1.4×10-5mol/L,检出限为3.9×10-8mol/L。该方法已用于实际样品的测定。     

Ni(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)的乙基黄原酸盐与吡啶碱配合物的合成及性质的研究

乙基黄原酸基的结构为:(简写为Exan,它是一个双齿配体,能和许多金属离子形成稳定配合物。 本文依据实验结果,对3种Ni(Ⅱ)和2种Zn(Ⅱ)的乙基黄原酸盐混合配合物的性质作一些系统的比较.应用红外光谱讨论这些混合配合物的C—O及C—S键振动频率位移;用热谱讨论它们的热稳定性及失重过程的变化;通过组成分析用电子光谱及磁学方     

Synthesis and Characterization of Chloralose-Derived Thiosemicarbazones and Semicarbazones and Investigation of Their Antimicrobial Properties

Thiosemicarbazones(7–10)/semicarbazones(11–14) were synthesized in good yields via the condensation of α-gluco-, β-gluco-, galacto-, manno- chloralose derived 1,4-furanodialdoses (1-4) with thiosemicarbazide(5)/semicarbazide(6). The structures of all products were characterized by FTIR, NMR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The compounds have been found to display moderate antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and antifungal activity against a Candida albicans. MIC values of the compounds range from 260 to 1510 μg/mL.     

Resurrection and Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase

Organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents and pesticides present significant threats to civilian and military populations. OP compounds include the nefarious G and V chemical nerve agents, but more commonly, civilians are exposed to less toxic OP pesticides, resulting in the same negative toxicological effects and thousands of deaths on an annual basis. After decades of research, no new therapeutics have been realized since the mid-1900s. Upon phosphylation of the catalytic serine residue, a process known as inhibition, there is an accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain synapses and neuromuscular junctions, leading to a cholinergic crisis and eventually death. Oxime nucleophiles can reactivate select OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Yet, the fields of reactivation of AChE and butyrylcholinesterase encounter additional challenges as broad-spectrum reactivation of either enzyme is difficult. Additional problems include the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and to provide therapy in the central nervous system. Yet another complication arises in a competitive reaction, known as aging, whereby OP-inhibited AChE is converted to an inactive form, which until very recently, had been impossible to reverse to an active, functional form. Evaluations of uncharged oximes and other neutral nucleophiles have been made. Non-oxime reactivators, such as aromatic general bases and Mannich bases, have been developed. The issue of aging, which generates an anionic phosphylated serine residue, has been historically recalcitrant to recovery by any therapeutic approach—that is, until earlier this year. Mannich bases not only serve as reactivators of OP-inhibited AChE, but this class of compounds can also recover activity from the aged form of AChE, a process referred to as resurrection. This review covers the modern efforts to address all of these issues and notes the complexities of therapeutic development along these different lines of research.     

Interaction and Stability of Mixed Micelle and Monolayer of Nonionic and Cationic Surfactant Mixtures

Interaction and stability of binary mixtures of cationic surfactants hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) or hexadecylpyridinium bromide (HPyBr) with nonionic surfactant decanoyl-N-methyl-glucamide (Mega-10) have been studied at different mole fraction of cationic surfactants by using interfacial tension measurements and fluorescence probe techniques. From interfacial tension measurements, the critical micellar concentration and various interfacial thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. The experimental cmc's were analyzed with the pseudophase separation model, the regular solution theory, and the Maeda's approach. These approaches allowed us to determine the interaction parameter and composition in the mixed state. By using the static quenching method, the mean micellar aggregation numbers of pure and mixed micelles of HTAB + Mega-10 were obtained. It has been observed that the aggregation number of mixed micelles deviates negatively from the ideal behavior. The micropolarity of the micelle was monitored with pyrene fluorescence intensity ratio and found to be increase with the increase of ionic content. The polarization of fluorescence probe Rhodamine B was monitored at different mole fraction of cationic surfactants.