柱阵列中线性高分子的弛豫过程

利用Monte Carlo算法模拟了嵌入微流通道中不同长度的线性高分子的弛豫过程.对比末端关联函数可知,在柱阵列中高分子链存在爬行行为.当柱间距较小时,高分子的弛豫几乎全部为爬行,当柱间距较大时,高分子的弛豫还包括了长度涨落过程.     

弱电场驱动下高分子链在周期管道内输运的模拟研究

采用Langevin动力学方法模拟研究了弱电场驱动下高分子链在无限长周期管道中的输运过程. 管道由长度相等的α和β两部分周期排列而成, 其中高分子链与α管道间存在相互吸引作用, 而与β管道间存在纯排斥作用. 模拟结果表明, 高分子链在输运过程中存在明显的受限阶段, 其逃离受限的方式与管道宽度有关且满足不同的规律. 对于窄管道, 高分子链在输运过程中呈直线伸展构型且运动具有“蛇爬行”特征. 高分子链逃离受限过程伴随着整条链的运动, 从而导致迁移率随高分子链长呈周期变化, 而且在迁移率极值位置, 高分子链投影长度与管道半周期之间存在简单的整数倍关系. 对于宽管道, 高分子链在输运过程中出现弯折构型且运动具有“蠕虫运动”特征. 当链长比较长时, 高分子链可通过链前端部分的伸长逃离受限, 从而导致迁移率与高分子链长度无关. 模拟结果可能有助于利用周期管道对不同长度的高分子链进行分离及可控输运.     

高分子浓溶液相分离动力学的Monte Carlo模拟

运用链动力学MonteCarlo方法模拟了高分子浓溶液的spinodal相分离动力学过程 .结果表明 :分相早期 ,散射峰的位置向左移动 ,不符合经典的Cahn Hilliard线性理论 ;分相后期 ,聚合物相形态处于逾渗状态 ,结构因子可以被标度化 ,且基本符合相应的Furukawa标度律 .模拟结果与相关实验相符 .揭示了线团尺寸在深度淬冷过程中先急剧收缩、然后随相分离的进行而逐步上升的复杂变化 ,表明链动力学MonteCarlo方法能同时考察高分子链的构象变化和多链体系的分相过程以及两者的关联     

支链对高分子链导热性能影响的分子动力学模拟

采用非平衡分子动力学(NEMD)方法模拟了立构规整的乙丙交替共聚物(alternating isotactic PEP)和聚乙烯(PE)分子链的热传导过程,研究了支链对高分子链导热率的影响,并通过分析均方回转半径、径向分布函数以及均方位移与导热率的关系,进一步探讨了高分子链中热输运的微观机理.通过比较发现,主链上含支链的高分子链导热率较低;均方回转半径显示,高分子链的构象越稳定,导热率越高;径向分布函数显示,主链上碳原子分布越紧密,导热率越低;均方位移分析结果表明,主链上的支链使高分子链中的原子运动加剧,从而导致导热率降低.     

典型超支化高分子体系的统计热力学及其应用

以典型的超支化聚合反应体系为例概述了体系的热力学和统计力学性质,重点集中在平均分子量、均方回转半径及支化点密度等特征与热力学量间的关联,以期阐明超支化高分子空间结构与物理性质的调控机制.从空间关联的角度赋予重均聚合度以相应的物理解释,建立其与等温压缩系数的直接关系.通过子链分布导出均方回转半径和流体力学半径的解析形式,并利用高分子的邻接矩阵进行具体计算.在此基础上,从相变与临界现象的角度出发,解释了体系中相关物理量的标度行为,给出相应的广义标度律.为了优化超支化高分子的工业生产流程,引入生成函数方法系统地探讨了分批投料过程中的相关参数对平均高分子量的影响.此外,提出了基于生长代数的Monte Carlo模拟方案,用以辅助研究高分子结构与特征的对应关系.作为应用,揭示了环化效应、溶剂效应及非等活性等因素对聚合反应的影响.     

基于“多链超分子柱”的侧链液晶高分子柱状相

一些具有伸展构象的侧链液晶高分子,如甲壳型液晶高分子或树枝化高分子,可以经由分子链的平行排列而呈现柱状液晶相.一般认为,该类柱状相的基本结构单元是单根高分子链所形成的超分子柱.而以几根链组装形成的超分子柱,即"多链超分子柱",也可作为侧链液晶高分子柱状相的基本结构单元,但多年以来这一现象并未引起人们的重视.近期,我们以hemiphasmid型侧链液晶高分子为研究对象,阐明了"多链超分子柱"是侧链液晶高分子柱状相微相分离的一种重要形式.本文从hemiphasmid型侧链液晶高分子的柱状相结构分析、化学结构对"多链超分子柱"的影响、"多链超分子柱"模型的理论分析与预测、"多链超分子柱"的"柱内缠结"以及hemiphasmid型侧链液晶聚降冰片烯的功能性等若干方面,对基于"多链超分子柱"的侧链液晶高分子柱状相进行了介绍.我们认为,深入研究"多链超分子柱"性质,将拓展侧链液晶高分子的应用领域,加深对高分子物理基本问题的认识.     

高分子链相关函数与液体小分子速度/应力-时间相关函数的可类比性

通过标度关系,给出了良溶剂和熔体或θ溶剂中真实高分子链相关函数的幂率衰减关系.这一问题的物理背景,与液体中小分子速度和应力的时间相关函数的长时间拖尾现象,具有可类比的物理图像,但是由于高分子系统的复杂性,高分子的链相关函数表现出更复杂和丰富的可能形式.     

流场驱动高分子链迁移穿过微通道的耗散粒子动力学模拟

利用耗散粒子动力学模拟方法研究了高分子链在流场驱动作用下迁移穿过微通道过程中的链构象变化和动力学行为.在足够大的流场力驱动作用下,高分子链在沿着流场方向逐渐被拉伸,从而能够穿过管径小于其自身尺寸的微通道.耗散粒子动力学模拟结果表明高分子链的迁移过程主要分为3个步骤:(1)在流场驱动作用下,高分子链漂移并逐渐靠近微通道入口;(2)高分子链逐渐调整自身构象,并使其部分进入微通道;(3)高分子链成功穿过微通道.同时,模拟还发现当高分子链尺寸大于微通道细管道管径时,高分子链穿过微通道所需的平均迁移时间随着流量的增加而逐渐减小.此外,为了研究高分子链刚性对高分子链穿过微通道的影响,模型中还引入了蠕虫状高分子链模型.模拟结果发现,高分子链的链刚性越强,其迁移穿过微通道的时间越长.     

高分子熔体的空间密度关联

利用分子动力学模拟方法,以不同链结构的高分子熔体为对象,研究了高分子熔体的空间密度关联.链节的局域结构性质通过Voronoi分割方法得到.结果表明,链端链节的平均局域体积更大,运动能力也更强;不同构造及链不同部位链节的局域体积大小具有统一的分布规律,表明在链节尺度上,熔体具有相似的无定形结构.通过局域体积来划分疏堆积和密堆积链节,2种链节均倾向于形成团簇.疏堆积链节形成的团簇更大,并且团簇大小的温度依赖性也更显著.模拟结果表明疏堆积链节的空间关联更强.     

端基附壁高分子模型链的塌缩转变

借MonteCarlo和模拟退火方法研究了端基附壁高分子尾形链在不同温度下的形态变化 ,链的模型采用有最近邻相互吸引作用的自避行走 .计算机实验结果表明 ,对于端基附壁的高分子尾形链 ,与自由链一样 ,当温度逐渐降低时高分子链会发生从松散的无规线团到紧密球体的塌缩转变 .计算机模拟得到了端基附壁链的均方末端距及其分量 ,均方回转半径及分布随温度的变化 .由于刚性壁的影响 ,使得有限链长的高分子尾形链与自由链相比 ,其表示链尺寸 温度关系的曲线要稍低 .模拟还发现 ,在高温时壁对链形状的影响比较大 ,壁垂直方向上尺寸明显大于平行方向的尺寸 ,后者接近于自由链的尺寸分量 .然而 ,低于θ温度时 ,尤其是完全塌缩之后 ,壁对链形状的影响已经很小 .     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.