在水介质中进行的Barbier-Grignard反应

综述了铟、锌、锡等金属(试剂)诱导的,在水介质中进行的Barbier-Grignard反应,并讨论了该反应的化学选择性、区域选择性和立体选择性。     

铟试剂促进的水相化学反应及其在有机合成中的应用*

金属铟在空气中不会被氧化,在水中也很稳定,而且无毒,易被制成各种铟盐和有机铟试剂并参与化学反应。铟盐与其他Lewis酸相比也具有良好的水相稳定性。由于铟具有低的亲杂性,在反应过程中大多数官能团都不受影响,因而铟试剂成为有机合成中常用的导向试剂,受到了人们极大的关注。本文综述了近年来金属铟、铟盐及有机铟试剂参与的水相化学反应,介绍了铟试剂促进的一些新型反应的特点和优势及在有机合成中的应用,总结了水相中铟试剂参与化学反应的最新进展,提出了铟试剂今后研究和发展的重点和方向。     

绿色路易斯酸三卤化铟在有机合成中的应用

三卤化铟作为温和的路易斯酸可在水、醇等绿色溶剂中实现高化学选择性、高 区域选择性和高立体选择性的化学转化。综述了三卤化铟在羟醛反应和类羟醛-曼 尼希反应、Fiedel-Crafts反应、环氧化合物的重排反应、α-氨基膦酸的合成、喹 啉环系的构建、酯交换反应、Diels-Alder反应和杂Diels-Alder反应,手性呋喃二 醇的合成、水相中的叠氮解反应和二硫缩醛的制备中的应用,同时还总结了本课题 组将三卤化铟应用于Biginelli反应和还原脱氧反应的反应结果。三卤化铟在有机 合成中潜在的优势将推动“绿色化学”的发展。     

温和条件下Pd/π-酸配体催化的芳基碘化物和烷基铟试剂的交叉偶联反应

过渡金属催化的偶联反应是构建C—C键的重要途径. 目前主要的催化剂为钯络合物, 且对于Csp²-Csp²报道的是最多的, 而Csp³相关成键的报道则相对少一些, 主要是因为其涉及的还原消除较慢. 我们曾发现π-酸类配体可以很好地促进Csp³-Pd-Csp²的还原消除, 这对于Csp³相关的成键具有重要意义. 报道了以膦烯烃、双烯化合物等π-酸化合物作为配体时, 在温和条件下高选择性地实现了钯催化的芳基碘化物和烷基铟试剂的交叉偶联反应, 构建Csp³-ArCsp²键. 其中伯碳和仲碳的烷基铟试剂均可以很好的兼容; 另外, 进一步的研究表明, 反应可以在敞口的条件下进行, 对水和氧气可以兼容, 并可以得到较高的产率.     

三价铟化合物在有机合成中的应用

综述了近年来三价铟化合物促进的多种有机反应及其在有机合成中的应用,其中重点讨论了三价铟化合物促进下的碳-碳键和碳-杂原子键的形成反应.     

离子液体载催化剂和载试剂在有机合成中的应用

综述了离子液体载催化剂和载试剂在有机合成中的应用进展. 离子液体载催化剂是针对离子液体中催化剂难以回收利用的问题提出来的, 它不仅可以实现均相催化, 而且反应产物容易分离, 催化剂可以循环使用. 离子液体载有机试剂合成, 又称为离子液体相有机合成, 具有固相反应产物纯度高和液相反应反应快的优点. 在离子液体载无机试剂的反应中, 反应物毒性降低, 反应条件温和, 产物选择性好.     

塞曼火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定金属铟及铟合金中微量铅

对于纯铟及铟合金中微量铅的测定,通常采用在氢溴酸介质中,用甲基异丁基酮萃取,分离主体铟及其他干扰元素,水相于塞曼火焰原子吸收光谱仪波长283.3nm处测定铅的吸光度。方法操作流程长,经过两次萃取,易引入误差,不适合大批量的检测,而且所用的有机试剂易污染环境。鉴于以上弊端,本文介绍了利用塞曼火焰原子吸收光谱仪灵敏度高,选择性好,扣背景能力强等特点,在不用分离主体铟的情况下于5%(体积分数)盐酸介质中直接测定微量铅的方法。本法操作简单、迅速,且稳定性好,结果准确可靠,提高了分析速度。1　试验部分1.1　仪器与试剂GGX 6A塞曼…     

清除试剂在液相组合化学中的应用

综述了近年来清除试剂在液相组合化学中的应用,并介绍了一些采用清除试剂对液相化合物库进行分离和纯化的实例。对清除试剂进行了分类,各类清除试剂参与的液相反应以及被清除的非目标产物类型也作了相应的介绍。     

混合增效试剂对铟—桑色素荧光体系的研究

研究了桑色素荧光法测定铟,在混合增效试剂Brij-35和β-环糊精存在下,提高了反应的灵敏度,铟在0～240ng·ml~(-1)范围内与F值呈良好的线性关系,检出下限为5.5ng·ml~(-1),相对标准偏差为1.13％,方法采用TBP萃淋树脂色谱法分离干扰后,可用于地质试样中铟的测定。     

可见光促进有机硅化合物参与的化学转化

有机硅化合物具有重要用途,被广泛应用于材料科学与药物化学等领域.因此,有机硅试剂参与的化学转化一直倍受关注.近年来,可见光催化迅速发展,为有机合成化学提供了新的机遇.在光氧化还原体系下,有机硅试剂可以经由氢原子转移(Hydrogen atom transfer,HAT)或单电子转移(Single electron transfer,SET)过程转化为硅自由基或碳自由基进行反应,具有条件温和、选择性好和原子经济性高等优势.根据反应类型不同,主要综述了有机硅试剂作为硅自由基前体参与的烯(炔)烃硅氢化反应、烯(炔)烃双官能化反应、氮杂芳烃的硅基化反应,以及有机硅化合物作为碳自由基前体参与的亲核加成反应、Minisci反应、均裂取代反应和过渡金属介导的交叉偶联反应.     

三价碘试剂促进的氧化反应研究进展

三价碘试剂的反应性能类似于过渡金属如汞、钛和铅,并且具有环境友好、价值低廉、反应条件温和、反应后处理简单和商业可利用的特点,因此在有机合成中得到广泛应用,特别是作为一种高效的选择性氧化试剂,受到广大有机化学工作者的亲睐。本文就三价碘试剂促进的氧化反应,从醇的氧化、羰基化合物的氧化官能团化到氧化硒化和铋化等14类反应进行了简单的综述。     

低价钒试剂促进的有机反应及其在有机合成中的应用

综述了近年来低价钒试剂促进的有机反应及其在有机合成中的应用。重点讨论了低价钒试剂促进下的碳-碳键的形成反应，如卤代烃的还原偶联、醛(酮)的还原偶联、羰基化合物的脱氧烷基化及脱氧偶联反应等。另外，还介绍了催化量的低价钒度剂在促进有机反应方面的应用。     

Indole Synthesis Using Silver Catalysis

Indoles are amongst the most important classes of heteroaromatics in organic chemistry, commonly found in biologically active natural products and therapeutically useful compounds. The synthesis of indoles is therefore important and several methods for their synthesis that make use of silver(I) catalysts and reagents have been developed in recent years. This Minireview contains, to the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive coverage of silver‐mediated indole forming reactions since the first reaction of this type was reported in 2004.     

Polymer-supported reagents and catalysts: recent advances in synthetic applications

The current surge in parallel array synthesis for the production of small molecule libraries has generated keen interest in the application of solid-supported reagents and catalysts in solution-phase chemistry. The strategy assimilates the advantages of product isolation and purification of solid-phase organic synthesis with the flexible choice of chemistry from the vast repertoire of solution-phase organic reactions. This review summarizes the significant recent advances in the application of polymer-bound reagents and catalysts in solution-phase synthesis of organic molecules. Multi-step reaction sequences employing sequential use of polymer-supported reagents are also discussed. In view of the earlier review publications on this topic, only the recent literature covering 1998 and 1999 is included.     

Digital light-directed synthesis. A microarray platform that permits rapid reaction optimization on a combinatorial basis

Solution reactions using photogenerated reagents (Gao, X.; Yu, P.; LeProust, E.; Sonigo, L.; Pellois, J. P.; Zhang, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12698) are a potentially powerful means for combinatorial parallel synthesis of addressable molecular microarrays. In this report, we demonstrate that this chemistry permits combinatorial screening of reaction conditions on a microarray platform. Using this method of optimization and our reaction apparatus, efficient photogenerated acids and reaction conditions suitable for removal of the acid labile protection group on 5'-O of nucleotides are identified in a short period of time. The chemistry platform demonstrated opens new avenues for rapid, simultaneous investigation of multiple reactions using different reagents and reaction parameters directly on a solid support (e.g., a glass plate). The combinatorial screening method described may be extended to include general organic reactions employing photogenerated and conventional reagents as well as a microarray reaction device. This should be especially valuable for efficient synthesis of addressable organic compound libraries.     

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between dihydropyranylindium reagents and aryl halides. synthesis of C-aryl glycals

[reaction: see text] Palladium(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between tris(dihydropyranyl)indium 1 and aryl halides 2 have been investigated. Aryl iodides and electron-deficient aryl bromides couple efficiently with the in situ-generated indium reagents in the presence of 1-5 mol % Cl(2)Pd(PPh(3))(2) to produce substituted dihydropyrans 3 with minimal (<10%) dimer (4) formation. Organoindium reagents derived from D-glucal also undergo cross couplings with aryl iodides to produce C-aryl glycals.     

Enantioselective nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of trialkynylindium reagents with racemic secondary benzyl bromides

The first enantioselective sp-sp3 cross-coupling reaction between alkynyl organometals and racemic benzyl bromides is reported. The coupling is performed at room temperature by using NiBr2diglyme and (S)-(iPr)-Pybox as the catalytic system and trialkynylindium reagents as nucleophiles. The reaction is stereoconvergent, both enantiomers of the racemic benzyl bromide are converted into one enantiomer of the product, and stereospecific. The reaction takes place efficiently in good yields and with high atom economy, as the triorganoindium reagents transfer the three organic groups attached to indium (only 40 mol % of R3In is used).     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Metal Silicates

Organically templated metal phosphates have been extensively studied because of interesting structural chemistry and potential applications in catalysis. However, in most cases the organic templates cannot be removed without collapse of the frameworks. This is in contrast to the high thermal stability and extensive applications of zeolites in refinery and petrochemical processes.Therefore, studies have been directed to the synthesis of transition metal silicates to produce more stable frameworks. Our synthetic methods are twofold, namely mild hydrothermal reactions in Teflon-lined autoclaves at 100-200 ℃ using organic amines as templates and high-temperature,high-pressure hydrothermal reactions in gold ampoules contained in a high-pressure reaction vessel at ca. 550 ℃ and 150 Mpa using alkali metal cations as templates. In this presentation I will report the high-temperature, high-pressure hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structures, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a number of new silicates of indium, uranium, and transition metals.