基于核酸侵入反应偶联PCR的粪便样本基因甲基化定量分析方法及用于结直肠癌无创筛查

从粪便中检测BMP3基因甲基化水平可实现对结直肠癌的无创筛查,但对检测方法的灵敏度与特异性要求很高。本研究将核酸侵入反应与实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(PCR)偶联,建立了BMP3基因甲基化检测方法,以ACTB基因作为参比基因,通过优化反应体系中探针浓度、Flap核酸内切酶与Taq酶用量,提高BMP3目标基因与ACTB参比基因的扩增效率至接近100%,实现了利用ΔCT法进行BMP3基因甲基化水平的相对定量,可对低至10 copies的甲基化BMP3基因进行检测,并可从非甲基化模板中准确定量0.01%的甲基化模板,非甲基化模板不产生非特异性信号,表明本方法具有极高的灵敏度与良好的特异性。将本方法用于16例结直肠癌患者、7例结直肠腺瘤患者及19例健康人粪便样本中BMP3基因甲基化检测,结果表明,有5例结直肠癌患者的粪便样本检出BMP3基因甲基化,2例结直肠腺瘤患者的粪便样本检出BMP3甲基化,健康人的粪便样本均没有检出甲基化,表明本方法可用于检测粪便样本中基因的甲基化水平,为临床开展基于粪便中基因甲基化检测的无创结直肠癌筛查提供了新方法。     

定量聚合酶链式反应研究新疆小河古代样本的DNA

利用定量聚合酶链式反应来检测PCR起始阶段的古DNA模板数是鉴定古DNA保存状况以及确保其真实性的有效方法之一。采用SYBRgreenI法对距今3800年左右的新疆小河墓地出土的5例样本线粒体DNA的3个不同长度片段(138bp、209bp和363bp)及核DNA(AMG基因)进行定量。线粒体DNA定量结果显示:小河样本古DNA扩增效率与扩增序列长度成负相关性,只有138bp的结果高于每微升150拷贝。虽然大部分小河样本的AMG基因定量结果都在30拷贝以内,仍然可以进行核DNA的STR或SNP分析。本实验首次通过定量PCR的方法,证明在同一个体中的牙齿中的DNA拷贝数要高于骨骼中的。     

磁纳米探针检测人绒毛膜促性腺激素

采用链霉亲和素包被磁纳米粒子,将生物素标记的特异性抗体偶联在磁纳米粒子上,制备出高特异性的磁纳米探针;利用此探针对人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)进行测定,建立了定量检测蛋白类激素的化学发光分析方法.利用紫外可见分光光度计、透射电镜及动态光散射仪对磁纳米探针进行表征,同时对化学发光实验条件进行优化.在2×10~(-4) mol/L鲁米诺、8×10~(-4) mol/L H_2O_2, pH=13的优化条件下,将磁纳米探针用于HCG的定量检测.结果表明,所测发光强度与待测HCG浓度之间线性相关,相关系数r为0.9924,线性检测范围由常规板式ELISA的5～200 μg/L扩展到0.5～250 μg/L;相对标准偏差为3.82%.采用本方法和常规ELISA法同时对34份人血清标本HCG进行测试,两者相关性良好.利用制备的磁纳米探针定量测定微量蛋白类激素,具有灵敏、高效、快捷、检测范围宽等优点,有望应用于其它微量蛋白的检测.     

微流控芯片电泳-多重聚合酶链反应法同时测定多个单碱基多态性位点

以微流控芯片电泳为检测平台,建立了多重PCR扩增法同时测定多个单碱基多态性(SNP)位点的方法。先通过PCR扩增得一段含所有待测SNP位点的长片段;用限制性内切酶消化成短片段,再将酶切反应产物与脱氧核糖核酸适配器(DNAadapter)相连;以连接产物为模板,分成两管,分别用n条等位基因特异性引物和一条通用引物进行n重PCR扩增;最后用微流控芯片电泳法分离PCR扩增产物,根据两管扩增产物的芯片电泳图谱中扩增片段的大小判断SNP的类型。以细胞色素P4502D6(CYP2D6)基因中的5个SNP位点(100C>T、1661G>C、1758G>T、2470T>C和2850C>T)为检测对象,考察了各等位基因特异性引物之间的相互影响和扩增反应的特异性,采用微流控芯片电泳法成功测定了20名健康中国人的CYP2D6基因中5个SNP位点的基因多态性,与聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法(PCR-RFLP)测定结果完全一致。     

靶标介导DNA自组装及催化电流放大的microRNA电化学检测研究

该研究报道了一种靶标介导的DNA自组装及催化信号放大免标记电化学传感器定量检测microRNA－21的分析方法。根据靶标序列,设计一条末端标记巯基且具有茎环结构的捕获探针以及两条与捕获探针和靶标部分互补的DNA单链,通过金－硫键作用将捕获探针固定在金电极表面。当靶标（microRNA－21）存在时,自组装形成一种H结构的DNA复合结构;利用核酸链中磷酸骨架静电吸附电解液中的钌氨离子（［Ru（NH3）6］3+,RuHex）以及DNA电子传递作用产生电化学信号;当无靶标时,不能形成DNA复合结构,电化学信号较弱。进一步利用铁氰根离子（［Fe（CN）6］3-）能够氧化电化学还原产物（［Ru（NH3）6］2+）,产生电化学－化学偶联,从而实现催化电流信号放大。采用电化学阻抗谱确证DNA复合结构的形成,采用计时电量法考察捕获探针密度对电化学信号的影响,并优化探针浓度、比例以及自组装时间,采用差示脉冲伏安法进行定量分析。结果显示,在0.1 fmol/L ~ 0.1 nmol/L范围内,峰电流与microRNA－21浓度具有良好的线性关系,检出限为12.8 amol/L。方法能有效区分其他microRNA以及单碱基错配核酸序列,成功用于多种细胞中microRNA－21的定量检测。该电化学传感器具有灵敏度高、选择性好、线性范围宽等优点,无需繁琐的电化学探针标记以及费时费力的PCR扩增、滚环扩增、链置换反应等分析策略,简化了操作流程,提高了方法的实用性。     

芝麻致敏原的实时荧光PCR检测

针对芝麻Sesamum indicum 2S albumin mRNA基因设计引物、探针,在实时荧光PCR仪上进行扩增、检测和分析.结果显示:该组探针和引物对芝麻有很强的特异性,除黑芝麻和白芝麻外,其余6种对照材料均未检测到荧光信号,黑白芝麻成分检测灵敏度达到0.1%.该方法具有灵敏度高、快速、简便的特点,可用于芝麻致敏原成分的定量检测.     

巴西果仁致敏原的实时荧光PCR检测

针对巴西果仁2Salbumin mRNA基因设计引物、探针,在实时荧光PCR仪上进行扩增、检测和结果分析.结果显示:该组探针和引物对巴西果仁有很强的特异性,除巴西果仁外,其余8种对照树果材料均未检测到荧光信号,巴西果仁成分检测灵敏度达到0.1%.该方法具有灵敏度高、快速、简便的特点,可用于巴西果仁致敏原成分的定量检测.     

基于纳米金与纳米银簇间表面等离子增强能量转移效应特异性检测microRNA

microRNAs(miRNAs)的灵敏检测对临床诊断具有十分重要的意义.本研究采用偶联DNA聚合酶和核酸内切酶介导的恒温扩增反应实现靶标循环再生的策略,利用纳米金(AuNPs)与纳米银簇(AgNCs)间表面等离子增强能量转移效应,开发了一种miRNA定量检测方法.在AuNPs表面组装两种探针(Probe a和Probe b)制备响应元件Probe b-Probe a-AuNP,其中Probe a通过3′端巯基共价偶联到AuNPs表面,此外具有靶标miRNA互补序列、核酸内切酶酶切序列和Probe b互补序列,Probe b为荧光AgNCs合成模板.靶标miRNA存在时,启动酶级联恒温扩增反应,导致Probe b脱离AuNPs表面,抑制了Probe b为模板合成的AgNCs与AuNPs间表面等离子增强能量转移效应,使得反应体系荧光信号增强.本方法的检出限为2.5×10-11 mol/L,与miRNAs商业化检测试剂盒相比,避免了逆转录反应,而且操作简单,检测成本低,可应用于生物样本中miRNAs分析.     

电化学发光反转录聚合酶链式反应技术检测齿兰环斑病毒

发展高效的病毒检测技术已成为当今生物学研究的热点之一。本研究将反转录聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术与电化学发光分析方法结合起来,用于检测兰花中齿兰环斑病毒。检测过程中采用生物素标记的探针与PCR产物杂交,可起到筛选特异性产物的作用,从而避免假阳性结果的产生。三联吡啶钌标记探针与PCR产物杂交,既可以起到进一步筛选目的片段的作用,又可与分析液中的三丙胺反应,从而产生光信号,被电化学发光仪所检测到。在引物的5′端分别连接一段特异性核酸序列,既提高了钌探针与特异性产物的杂交几率,又增强了样品检测信号,从而提高了信躁比。实验结果表明:此方法灵敏度高、稳定性好、操作简单,可以从兰花样品中准确地检测到齿兰环斑病毒,有望发展成为一种高效的病毒检测方法。     

基于石墨烯化学修饰电极的适体传感器

采用石墨烯(RGO)作载体,凝血酶适体(TBA)作探针,凝血酶为目标蛋白,电化学阻抗谱(EIS)为检测技术,建立了检测蛋白质的新方法。由于RGO可增大电极有效表面积并提高电极表面电子传输速率以及TBA的特异性识别能力,此方法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的选择性。采用本方法检测凝血酶的线性范围为0.3～10 fmol/L,检出限为0.26 fmol/L。本研究将RGO应用于电化学适体传感器,证实了RGO修饰电极在电化学适体传感器领域中潜在的应用价值。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.