农业院校研究生“现代化学化工实验技术”课程的设计与教学实践

“现代化学化工实验技术”是根据农业院校研究生的生源特点和化学工程与技术专业的培养要求开设的一门专业课程。论文介绍了课程教学团队在实验教学体系的构建、教学内容的设计、教学模式的改革和课程网络平台的建设等方面的实践情况。实践表明,该课程对培养应用化学、生物化工、工业催化、化学工程等专业研究生的化学化工基本操作技能以及创新和研究能力发挥了重要作用,为从事学位研究工作打下良好的基础。     

“工程化学”SPOC的建设与教学效果

河西学院“工程化学”教师组建设了面向河西学院土木工程专业,1.5学分的“工程化学”SPOC(小规模限制性在线课程),录制了44个视频知识点,讲解了物质的化学组成与聚集状态、化学反应与能源、水溶液中的化学、非化工类生产中的化学知识,设置了11次作业强化学生学习效果。该课程通过超星学习通平台上线并完成了教学任务。通过3个专业班级的教学实践,发现线上视频学习、课后作业、线上教师答疑相结合的教学模式,不仅发挥了学生为主体的学习作用,还实现了良好的教学效果。     

化学专业概论教学中的课程思政探索与实践*——以华中科技大学“一院一品”化学专业概论课为例

课程思政是高校落实立德树人根本任务的重要举措,是完善“三全育人”的重要抓手。化学是我国科学研究的重要基础,对提升原始创新能力具有重要意义。化学专业教学中融入思想政治教育的前提是建设好一门课程。针对当前专业课教学中存在的课程思政体系不完善、思政元素与专业课程融合程度低、教师思政教学水平有待提高等问题,以华中科技大学化学与化工学院专业概论课为试点,完善课程设计与教学方法,探索化学专业教学中的课程思政建设。通过剖析化学课程思政的意义与难点,构建专业概论课实施方案,形成一套行之有效的化学课程思政建设体系。     

理科“化工基础”课程教学内容改革探索

理科“化工基础”课程教学内容改革探索马玉龙周新花郑洁修（武汉大学化学系湖北４３００７２）化工基础课程是理科化学专业的一门重要基础课，其教学任务是较全面地讲授化学工业和化工生产过程的基本知识，并着重阐明化工过程研究和开发方法，以此扩大学生的工程技术知...     

“化学游戏教学”的“学教评产”混合式教学模式实践

基于师范类专业认证理念与毕业要求的教学前端分析,建构“学教评产”混合式教学模式,通过整合教学内容、重构教学安排与优化教学评价,对“化学游戏教学”课程进行创新性改革,并从学生学习成果、教学目标达成与学生满意度等3个方面评价教学成效。结果表明:该教学模式有助于学生学习成果质量的提升,能够有效促进教学目标的达成,并取得较高的学生满意度。     

产教融合下高职“三三结合式”人才培养模式*——以药品生产技术专业为例

针对高职产教融合存在的问题,构建了“三三结合式”人才培养模式,即通过“企业指导、行业引导、学校督导”三结合,改革人才培养模式;通过“核心课程、核心问题、核心能力”三结合,深化“教师、教材、教法、教学评价”四教改革;通过“基础实验、专业实验,实习实训”三结合,优化实践教学体系。该模式的构建与实施能提升学生的职业素养,提高毕业生的就业质量,打造出优秀的双师型教师团队。     

“有机化学”开放式精品示范课程建设与实践

以中南大学化学类专业本科生的重要基础课程“有机化学”为例,探讨开放式精品示范课程改革。为适应现今信息化的高速发展和大学生特点,从创新课程教学着眼点、创新课程教学方法、课程教学效果等方面,阐述了开放式精品示范课程建设与实践的思路。基于网络的自主学习、课堂的互动交流、实验实践的拓展提升、科学合理的多元化课程考核,有效地提高了学生的学习兴趣与积极性,得到了良好的教学效果。     

高分子化学实验“酚醛树脂合成”的改进——石油工程专业化学实验教学改革的思考

“酚醛树脂的合成”是一个典型的高分子化学逐步聚合实验,教材中原有的实验方案与石油工程专业结合不紧密,导致学生对酚醛树脂的合成机理、油田应用了解不够深入。通过对原有实验方案的不足之处进行了分析,提出用氢氧化钠溶液替代氨水作为反应的碱性催化剂,所合成的酚醛树脂具有良好的水溶性。随后将所制备的水溶性酚醛树脂用作聚丙烯酰胺的高温交联剂,得到油田常用的调剖堵水化学凝胶。改进后的实验方案更加贴近石油工程专业的现场应用,操作更为便利安全,同时满足了“高分子化学及物理”“油田化学”2门课程对该知识点学习的要求,使学生在加深高分子化学基础的同时还增强了应用所学知识解决工程问题的能力。     

高分子研究方法课程的教学改进研究*

对于高分子材料与工程专业的本科生来说,“高分子研究方法”是一门应用性极强的基础课程。此课程内容涉及的知识点繁多,教师在授课时若平铺直叙,将影响教学效果。结合高分子专业的学科特点和吉林大学此专业的历史,对教学内容、教学方式和考核方式等进行调整,将德育培养和专业教学相结合,理论知识和实践应用相结合,从而有效提高了该门课程的教学效果。     

“联用技术及元素形态”国际课程探索与实践*

充分利用线上教学的优势,对化学院本科生开设了“联用技术及元素形态”国际课程,避免了传统教学中组织、协调外籍/外地专家资源过程中必要的各种消耗,极大程度地整合教学资源、改善教学效果。在该课程的探索与实践过程中,学生们对痕量元素形态及基于等离子体质谱的各种联用技术产生了极大的兴趣,激发了他们的主动学习热情;教师之间及师生之间的沟通趋向更简单、更灵活、更实时,为后续线上线下混合式国际课程建设提供了良好的基础和借鉴。     

Determination of the enthalpy of fusion of K<Subscript>3</Subscript>TaO<Subscript>2</Subscript>F<Subscript>4</Subscript> and KTaF<Subscript>6</Subscript>

Areas of fusion and crystallization peaks of K₃TaO₂F₄ and KTaF₆ were measured using the DSC mode of a high-temperature calorimeter (SETARAM 1800 K). On the basis of these quantities, considering the temperature dependence of the calorimeter sensitivity, values of the fusion enthalpy of K₃TaO₂F₄ at the fusion temperature of 1181 K of (43 ± 4) kJ mol⁻¹ and of KTaF₆ at the fusion temperature of 760 K of (8 ± 1) kJ mol⁻¹ were determined.     

Physicochemical foundations of synthesis of new ferromagnets from chalcopyrites A<Superscript>II</Superscript>B<Superscript>IV</Superscript>C<Stack><Subscript>2</Subscript><Superscript>V</Superscript></Stack>

The results of studying phase equilibria of ternary A^IIB^IVC^V systems have been reported. Physicochemical foundations have been developed for the synthesis of new ferromagnets with Curie temperatures above room temperature structurally compatible with basic semiconducting materials. Methods of synthesis and physicochemical properties of manganese-doped A^IIB^IVC₂^V ferromagnets have been described. The results of theoretical simulation of magnetic properties have been considered and basic approaches to the explanation of the emergence of ferromagnetism in A^IIB^IVC₂^V doped with 3d metals have been surveyed. The most promising ways to produce and study dilute magnetic semiconductors as spintronics materials have been presented.     

Determination of the enthalpy of fusion of K<Subscript>3</Subscript>NbO<Subscript>2</Subscript>F<Subscript>4</Subscript>

Areas of fusion and crystallization peaks of K₃NbO₂F₄ were measured using the DCS mode of a high-temperature calorimeter (SETARAM 1800 K). On the basis of these quantities, considering the temperature dependence of the calorimeter sensitivity, the value of the fusion enthalpy of K₃NbO₂F₄ of (98 ± 6) kJ mol⁻¹ was determined at the fusion temperature of 1257 K.     

Structure of Zn<Subscript>3</Subscript>P<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The structure of Z_n3P₂ (P 4₂/nmc, a = b = 8. 0785 Å, c = 11. 3966 Å) was solved and refined to R = 3. 2% in a precision X-ray diffraction experiment (λ-MoK _a, graphite monochromator on a primary beam, 27,496 reflections) . Interatomic distances and bond angles have been determined. The fcc lattice of the structure is built from phosphorus atoms, and the zinc atoms occupy 3/4 of all tetrahedral voids; the structure is described by two equivalent models where 1/4 occupied (by zinc atoms) and 1/4 vacant voids change places. The zinc atoms that occupy the voids following the diamond principle do not change places.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by I. E. Zanin, K. B. Aleinikova, M. M. Afanasiev, and M. Yu. Antipin__________Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 889–892, September–October, 2004.     

Coefficients of thermal expansion of KPb<Subscript>2</Subscript>Cl<Subscript>5</Subscript> and RbPb<Subscript>2</Subscript>Br<Subscript>5</Subscript> crystals

The temperature dependence of unit cell parameters for monoclinic KPb₂Cl₅ and tetragonal RbPb₂Br₅ crystals was studied in the range of 100–298 K. Linear and volume thermal expansion coefficients were determined.     

“蒸馏酒”还是“发酵酒”——对《科学史导论》中“spirits” 和“distillation”的再思考

科学史奠基者乔治·萨顿在《科学史导论》第二卷的第一部分对我国宋代酿酒著作《北山酒经》予以了简要描述,出现了“spirits”“distillation”等字样;而《北山酒经》被众多学者认为其描述对象是发酵酒(黄酒)。本文从东西方蒸馏技术和相关著作的文本分析对《科学史导论》中提及的蒸馏技术和蒸馏酒存在的可能性提出了质疑。     

2,4‐Di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazones of 2,4‐di­hydroxy­benz­aldehyde, 2,4‐di­hydroxy­aceto­phenone and 2,4‐di­hydroxy­benzo­phenone

In 2,4‐di­hydroxy­benz­aldehyde 2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazone N,N‐di­methyl­form­amide solvate {or 4‐[(2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl)­hydrazono­methyl]­benzene‐1,3‐diol N,N‐di­methyl­form­amide solvate}, C₁₃H₁₀N₄O₆·C₃H₇NO, (X), 2,4‐di­hydroxy­aceto­phenone 2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazone N,N‐di­methyl­form­am­ide solvate (or 4‐{1‐[(2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl)hydrazono]ethyl}benzene‐1,3‐diol N,N‐di­methyl­form­amide solvate), C₁₄H₁₂N₄O₆·C₃H₇NO, (XI), and 2,4‐di­hydroxy­benzo­phenone 2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazone N,N‐di­methyl­acet­amide solvate (or 4‐­{[(2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl)hydrazono]phenyl­methyl}benzene‐1,3‐diol N,N‐di­methyl­acet­amide solvate), C₁₉H₁₄N₄O₆·C₄H₉NO, (XII), the molecules all lack a center of symmetry, crystallize in centrosymmetric space groups and have been observed to exhibit non‐linear optical activity. In each case, the hydrazone skeleton is fairly planar, facilitated by the presence of two intramolecular hydrogen bonds and some partial N—N double‐bond character. Each molecule is hydrogen bonded to one solvent mol­ecule.     

Effect of SO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on chlorination of Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> + Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> mixtures

The reaction of Bi₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃ mixtures with chlorine and SO₂ at 250–700°C is studied. At 300–500°C, the degree of bismuth chloride sublimation from the oxide mixture increases in the presence of SO₂. Chemical sublimation of FeCl₃ occurs after BiCl₃ is virtually completely recovered from the solid phase.     

Projection of the liquidus surface of the Sb<Subscript>2</Subscript>Te<Subscript>3</Subscript>-Gd<Subscript>2</Subscript>Te<Subscript>3</Subscript>-Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>Te<Subscript>3</Subscript> system

Phase equilibria in the Sb₂Te₃-Gd₂Te₃-Bi₂Te₃ ternary system have been studied using differential thermal analysis, namely, X-ray powder diffraction, microstructure examination, thermodynamic analysis, and microhardness and alloy density measurements. Phase diagrams of some polythermal joins and liquidus surface have been constructed. The regions of primary crystallization of phases and the coordinates of all invariant and univariant equilibria in the system under investigation have been established.