基于三重表征的实验教学——以铁的吸氧腐蚀为例

传统的铁吸氧腐蚀实验耗时长,现象不明显,课堂演示效果差。利用U型管及灵敏电流表等装置对教材中铁的吸氧腐蚀实验进行改进,并且结合原理分析完整地呈现了铁的吸氧腐蚀的宏观现象、微观本质和符号表征,丰富了学生对该部分知识的认知。研究结果表明基于三重表征的实验教学能够促进学生成绩的提高。     

塑料瓶在中学化学实验中的另类利用

利用各种低成本材料、废旧包装材料(如塑料瓶等)制作简易化学仪器和装置,对培养学生的动手制作能力以及物质再利用的环保意识——绿色化学有着深远的意义。     

微型滴定分析装置的研究

微型滴定分析装置的研究朱兵吴倩（华东师范大学化学系上海２０００６２）一、微型滴定装置的设计制作和特点在设计制作微型试剂滴瓶、电解装置、焰色反应器、固液分离器和定量加液管等多种微型器件的基础上［１，２］，设计制作能规范操作的微型滴定分析装置，其主要部件...     

“相似相溶”实验的创新设计

对相似相溶实验进行创新设计,从实际出发,充分体现装置简单、操作方便、现象明显等特点,充满了趣味性.激发了学生学习化学的兴趣,培养了学生对实验的探究能力.     

关于不同学生对水沸腾现象认知情况的调查报告

文章报道了不同年级和专业的学生关于水沸腾现象的认知情况的调查结果,并就具体问题进行了详尽的分析.最后提出了针对理科教学的若干思考和建议.     

硫代硫酸钠制备实验的改进

以亚硫酸钠与硫粉为原料制备硫代硫酸钠,反应在碘量瓶中进行,控制反应温度为103~104℃,反应液保持在20~25mL,剧烈沸腾的状态下反应30min,产品收率及质量分数分别大于86%和99%。该工艺具有反应装置简单、反应时间短、反应条件容易控制、产品收率及质量分数较高等优点;以重铬酸钾为基准物,采用间接碘法测定了产品的质量分数,经测定回收率及做对照试验证明,该方法准确度高。     

对粉尘爆炸实验的再改进

改进了粉尘爆炸实验,实验效果更加明显、更加安全可靠,而且适合学生在家里自己动手制作实验装置和进行实验,以提高学生学习化学的兴趣。     

初中化学“化学反应、原子、元素符号和分子式”一章中的教案示例

第二节原子一、教学目的:初步使学生了解原子的概念。二、本课重点:1)原子的定义:物质在化学反应中不能再分的最小的微粒叫做原子。2)物质是由分子组成,而分子是由原子组成。三、检查学生知识:1)用分子论来解释水的蒸发或沸腾的现象。它是属於物理现象,还是化学现象?2)氧化汞受热分解是属於物理现象,还是属於化学现象?为什麽?     

PDMS微流体系统的加工制作

目前,微流体装置越来越多地应用到分析系统、生物医学、化学等基础研究领域。传统的微流体系统制作方法是对玻璃和硅片进行刻蚀。用软刻法制作PDMS(Poly(dimethylsiloxane)：聚二甲基硅氧烷)微流体装置比传统的制作方法更快速,成本更低廉,并且对于通道的密封也不需要玻璃或硅芯片键合密封等复杂工艺。这类软刻法的核心技术是快速原样制作法和复制压模技术。相对于微电子加工工艺,软刻法制作过程不需要超静环境,化学家和生物学家可在普通的实验室实现加工制作。本文介绍了PDMS微装置在分离和生物材料模式化等方面的应用。     

氢气与氯气反应的封闭式实验装置设计

人教版《普通高中课程标准实验教科书：化学1（必修）》第四章第二节“富集在海水中的元素——氯”,在介绍Cl2与H2反应知识时,安排了H2在Cl2中燃烧的演示实验,笔者利用注射输液用品及部分实验用品设计制作了新的实验装置,让学生对比、体会H2在空气和Cl2中燃烧的不同实验现象,加深对燃烧概念的理解;为学生理解工业制盐酸的方法提供实验依据;还可增进学生实验安全意识。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.