气相色谱法用于观察手性醇合成中的对映体选择性自动诱导效应

在手性醇合成中,采用非手性柱气相色谱（ＣＣ）分析,结合反应前后诱导物和产物的比旋光度测定,简单方便地计算了比旋光增量;以这种方法,成功地观察到了手性化合物选择性自动诱导效应。     

基于(S)-(+)-亮氨醇的手性介孔硅用作气相色谱固定相研究

以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为模板,亮氨醇为手性源制备了手性无机介孔硅。热重曲线测试表明,亮氨醇手性介孔硅具有很好的热稳定性。将其作为气相色谱固定相,采用动态涂敷的方法制备毛细管气相色谱手性柱,该亮氨醇手性介孔硅柱能够对15种外消旋体包括酯、环氧烷烃、醛、酮、醚、醇和氨基酸衍生物进行拆分。同时也对位置异构体,正构烷烃混合物、正构醇类混合物、芳香族混合物以及Grob试剂进行了不同程度的分离。结果表明,亮氨醇手性介孔硅作为毛细管气相色谱固定相能对外消旋体等有机物进行较好的分离,具有良好的应用前景。     

手性芳基醇的生物催化不对称合成

光学活性芳基醇化合物是一类重要的手性砌块,可用于合成多种手性药物,其制备技术研究是近年来的研究热点。与传统的化学制备方法相比,生物催化方法由于具有选择性高、反应条件温和以及环境危害少等优点更具吸引力。通过生物催化不对称还原芳基酮是合成对映体纯芳基醇最有效的方法之一。本文综述了生物催化不对称还原制备手性芳基醇的研究进展,重点介绍了不同形式的生物催化剂应用于生物不对称还原的研究现状,包括微生物细胞、酶、重组工程菌以及固定化细胞等,概述了有机溶剂、表面活性剂和离子液体等底物助溶剂对生物不对称催化的影响,并对生物催化制备对映体纯芳基醇的研究前景进行了展望。     

高光学纯度的线性二级醇的制备

近年来具有线性结构的手性二级醇1-对烷基苯基取代的乙醇和丙醇广泛应用于某些手性光学材料,如手性液晶中.虽然通过化学拆分可以得到某些接近光学纯的该类二级醇,但拆分方法的应用范围有限.通过对潜手性酮的不对称还原是制备手性二级醇的重要方法之一,特别是Corey等发展的不对称硼烷还原是非常有效的方法.我们以(S)-二苯基脯氨醇为配体制备的催化剂,用硼烷来还原含有不同官能团的烷基芳基酮以很好的产率和对映体选择性得到了一系列含有不同官能团的线性二级醇.     

离子液体在气相色谱固定相中的应用

本文综述了离子液体在气相色谱固定相中的发展过程。为提高固定相的使用温度、选择性和色谱柱效,离子液体先后经历多次制备方法的改善,本文主要介绍了小分子离子液体、大体积离子液体、柱内烯基咪唑聚合离子液体、物理混配离子液体和化学键合离子液体等非手性离子液体的合成进展;同时综述了由手性氨基酸、手性胺和键合环糊精合成的手性离子液体的研究进展;并比较各种离子液体用作色谱固定相时的稳定性及选择性差异。另外,对离子液体在二维气相色谱和快速气相色谱中的应用扩展作了总结,并展望离子液体作为新型分离材料在气相色谱固定相中的研究和应用前景。     

高磺化-β-环糊精毛细管电泳分离分析手性芳香仲醇

以高磺化-β-环糊精为毛细管电泳手性选择剂,建立了有效分离7种手性芳香仲醇对映体的方法.在20 mmol/L H3PO4-三乙醇胺为背景电解质(pH 2.5),6%(m/V) 高磺化-β-环糊精为手性选择剂(S-β-CD),柱温20 ℃,操作电压-15 kV,检测波长214 nm等优化条件下,所有芳香仲醇对映体均实现基线分离.以本方法测定了7种芳香酮不对称氢转移反应产物7种手性芳香仲醇的百分对映体过量值(% ee),其测定结果与高效液相色谱、气相色谱测定结果完全一致.本方法可以用于手性芳香仲醇光学纯度的测定.     

仿生手性介孔硅作为气相色谱固定相的性能研究

从帝王蟹几丁质膜中剥离出纳米纤维甲壳素膜,经过处理,将膜中的矿物质去除后作为模板,制备手性向列型介孔硅。热重曲线测试表明手性向列型介孔硅具有很好的热稳定性,适合作气相色谱固定相。将仿生手性向列型介孔硅作为气相色谱固定相,采用动态涂敷的方法制备手性毛细管气相色谱柱,该柱子能够对6种外消旋体(1-甲氧基-2-丁醇、2-甲基戊醛、2-苯基丙醛、香茅醇、3-羟基丁酸甲酯、3-丁炔-2-醇)进行拆分。主要还讨论了6种位置异构体、正构烷烃、正构醇类在该柱的分离情况,同时对柱子的柱效和极性进行了评价。     

不对称催化合成手性α-氨基酮

“对映异构”是有机化学中的基本概念,也是本科有机化学教学中的重点和难点内容。现有有机化学实验教材中关于对映体合成的实验极其有限,通过不对称催化来实现对映体合成的教学案例尤其少见。本文拟将文献报道的手性布朗斯特酸催化合成α-氨基酮的三组分不对称还原胺化反应开发为教学实验,通过同小组学生使用手性构型不同、取代基不同的催化剂来催化该反应,探究催化剂结构对对映选择性控制结果的影响,并引入核磁共振、比旋光度测定、手性高效液相色谱等分析技术,应用于所合成的手性化合物的结构鉴定、构型判断和对映体过量的测定。这是将现在常规的两组分、非手性合成教学实验升级到多组分、手性合成教学实验的新举措。结果表明,该实验重复性好、时长合适,同时兼具复杂性、探究性和创新性。它的实施有利于学生学习复杂化学反应操作、理解复杂化学反应历程、分析立体选择性控制影响因素以及培养学生进行创新性实验研究的能力。     

基于手性共价有机框架材料的气相色谱固定相的合成和分离性能研究

手性共价有机框架材料(CCOFs)在不对称催化、手性识别等诸多领域中具有重要的应用价值,其中,手性分离以其方便、快速和高效的特点成为CCOFs最重要的应用之一。为了进一步开拓CCOFs在色谱手性分离方面的应用,本研究利用后合成修饰法将L-缬氨酸修饰在共价有机框架材料(COFs) TpPa(NH₂)₂上、L-异亮氨酸分别修饰在COFs TpPa(NH₂)₂和TpBD(NH₂)₂上,得到3种CCOFs。将这3种CCOFs分别用作气相色谱手性固定相(CSPs),与聚硅氧烷OV-1701以质量比为3∶7混合配制成4.5 mg/mL的涂渍液,采用动态涂敷法制备了3根毛细管色谱柱进行手性分离分析。研究结果表明,3根色谱柱均具有良好的手性选择性和重复性,可用于氨基酸、醇、醛、酯、醚、酸和酮等25种手性化合物以及正构烷烃、正构醇、芳香族混合物和Grob试剂的快速分离,并且3根柱分离的手性化合物类型具有一定的互补性。3种CCOFs在气相色谱手性分离方面具有较广的手性选择性和...     

手性氨基醇催化的前手性芳酮的不对称还原反应

首次以天然D-樟脑的衍生物为原料, 合成了两个新型龙脑基氨基醇配体, 研究了它们与硼烷原位制备成手性噁唑硼烷后, 在不对称催化氢化还原前手性芳酮中的性能, 得到的手性仲醇的对映体过量(ee)值最高可达96%, 还考察了反应温度、时间、溶剂等因素对苯乙酮的不对称氢化还原的化学产率和光学收率的影响.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.