微波等离子体离子化检测器的应用研究—苯乙烯中乙苯的测定

微波等离子体是一种良好的激发光源和离子化源,可应用在气相色谱法中作通用或选择性检测器。其中表面波激发微波诱导等离子体离子化检测器(MIPID)对于挥发性有机物具有较好灵敏度,并且对某些永久性气体也有很好的响应。我们在完成MIPID检测器对有机和无机物响应特性研究的基础上,为了进一步考察这种MIPID检测器的可靠性和     

微波诱导等离子体离子化检测器的研究——气相色谱法同时测定甲醇和水

本文采用带自制的微波诱导等离子体离子化检测(GC-MIPID)的气相色谱,以氩气为载气和工作气体,对甲醇和水的同时测定进行了详细研究。方法灵敏度优于氢火焰离子化检测器和热导池检测器,并且解决了用单一检测器难以同时测定甲醇和水的问题。方法已用于乙醇中甲醇和水的测定。文中还对MIPID的离子化机理作了初步的探讨。     

氦检测器气相色谱法快速测定高纯氦中痕量组分

国内外曾有多人进行过氦离子化检测器气相色谱法分析高纯氦中痕量组分的方法和仪器的研究。迄今尚没有见到在一台仪器上,使用一只检测器,在五分半钟内分析氦中痕量Ne、H_2、Ar、O_2、N_2、CO、CH_4,CO_2、N_2O的报道。本工作在研制出二分半钟分离Ne、H_2、Ar、O_2、N_2、CH_4的高效色谱柱后,又制     

微波诱导等离子体离子化检测器响应特性的研究

微波诱导等离子体可在低功率和低工作气体流速下稳定地工作,已成功地应用于气相色谱检测器~[1～3].本文在文献~[4,5]工作的基础上,对MIPID的工作参数及其响应特性进行了研究,并初步探讨了样品的离子化机理.     

直流等离子体离子化检测器的研究：管道煤气中可燃气体的测定

本文提出一种改进的直流等离子体离子化检测器（ＤＣＰＩＤ），用于管道煤气中可燃气体Ｈ２、ＣＨ４和ＣＯ的测定。采用氢气作工作气体，对该检测器的工作参数和响应特性进行了优化。本法结果与微波诱导等离子体离子化检测器（ＭＩＰＩＤ）的结果作了比较，结果满意。     

等离子体催化甲烷干重整实验研究

本文利用等离子体耦合催化剂的方式进行CH_4干重整(Dry Reforming of Methane,DRM),重点考察了反应温度、CO_2/CH_4物质的量比、合成气主要气体组分浓度(N_2、H_2、CO、H_2O)对CH_4转化率及等离子体催化能量效率的影响。结果表明,以La-Ni/γ-Al_2O_3为催化剂,当反应温度450℃,CO_2/CH_4物质的量比为1.0时,CH_4转化率为41.57%;提高CO_2/CH_4物质的量比可提高CH_4转化率,当CO_2/CH_4物质的量比为5.0时,等离子体催化CH_4干重整过程的CH_4转化率可达92.82%。温度和CO_2/CH_4物质的量比对CH_4转化率影响显著,气体组分的变化改变了体系中的激发态粒子,不仅直接影响到CH_4转化率,还影响着催化剂表面积炭。向反应体系中添加N_2、H_2O可提高CH4转化率,并抑制积炭;而添加H_2、CO后CH_4转化率显著降低。研究结果可望为生物质气化合成化工品的工艺开发提供基础数据和参考依据。     

气相色谱-微波等离子体炬双检测器及其气相色谱的响应特性

提出并建立了气相色谱-微波等离子体炬(MPT)原子发射光谱和离子化双检测器系统. 以Ar气作为等离子体工作气体, O2气作为等离子体屏蔽气体, 同时获得了被测组分的原子发射和离子化信息, 并对不同种类有机化合物的相对响应系数及检出限进行了测定.     

Toepler泵在金属有机化学中的应用

在金属有机化学研究工作中,经常需要测定少量气体。例如,小分子活化的研究工作中,需要测定 N_2、H_2、O_2、CO 等的体积;C_1化学的研究中也需测定 CO、CH_4、C_2H_4、C_2H_6等:研究络合物结构时,络合物在酸解、碘解、热分解后,也有 CO、N_2、O_2、烃类等生成,这些少量气体用一般常压量管是较难测量的,特别是不稳定金属络合物与其他试剂的反应,往往在排出保护气体后,于负压下进行。反应后的体系仍处于负压状态时,测定更为困难.     

丁二烯中痕量气体杂质的分析

本文提出一简便的气相色谱法,用于分析丁二烯中含2-100ppm的气体杂质.采用高灵敏度钨丝热导池作鉴定器,用5埃分子筛作吸附剂而分离H_2,O_2,N_2,CO,CH_4.用丁酮酸乙酯为固定液使CO_2和所有气体烃分离.又讨论用热导池作鉴定器时,影响气相色谱法最小鉴知量的各种因素.这分析方法的最小鉴知量为0.02微升H_2,0.1微升O_2,0.3微升N_2,0.4微升CO,0.4微升CH_4,0.3微升CO_2,0.2-0.9微升气体烃.分析氢时的取样10毫升,分析O_2,N_2,CO,CH_4时50毫升,分析CO_2和气体烃时为13毫升.此时最小鉴知浓度分别为2ppm H_2,2ppm O_2,6ppm N_2,8ppm CO或CH_4,20ppm CO_2和14-74ppm气体烃,     

气相色谱用微波诱导氩等离子体光离子化检测器的研究

本文报道了以Surfatron 表面波为激发器件的微波诱导氩等离子体光离子化检测器,以氩气为载气和工作气体,研究了三种不同类型检测器的结构性能, 通过测量检测器的工作参数及苯的检出限等,对检测器的基本特性和离子化机理进行了探讨,并应用于实际样品分析,结果令人满意     

透氧膜反应器内NiO/MgO催化焦炉煤气重整反应途径

对透氧膜反应器内焦炉煤气(COG)重整反应模型进行分析.通过H2+N2、CH4+N2、CO+N2和H2+CH4+N2混合气在透氧膜反应器内重整反应,以及有无催化剂下重整反应和催化剂床层厚度重整反应实验,推测焦炉煤气重整反应模型:首先焦炉煤气中H2在催化剂活性金属镍颗粒上吸附解离,解离后的氢向高活性位迁移"(三相界面")并与膜表面侧晶格氧(或O2-)反应生成H2O.同时CH4也可能在活性镍颗粒上裂解生成CH3*和H*,反应生成的H2O与膜表面催化剂上裂解的碳反应生成H2和CO.未反应完的H2O在催化剂床层内与剩余CH4反应生成H2和CO.     

氮化硼纳米管气敏特性的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论计算研究了氮化硼纳米管及碳掺杂氮化硼纳米管对CH4, CO2, H2, H2O, N2, NH3, NO2, O2, F2等十余种气体小分子的气敏特性. 研究结果表明: 氮化硼纳米管对CH4, CO2, H2, H2O, N2, NH3等气体分子不敏感, 而对O2, NO2, F2等气体分子比较敏感. 虽然碳掺杂氮化硼纳米管可以明显地改变其表面的化学反应活性, 增强了气体分子与氮化硼纳米管之间的相互作用, 但是并不能明显地改变其对所研究气体分子的敏感性.     

沸石的孔口改性与气体吸附分离

沸石由干具有独特的微孔结构和表面性质，对物质的吸附表现出高度的选择性，已被广泛用于许多工业吸附分离过程．在气体分离方面，最常见的是利用沸石制造纯净的稀有气体和富氧空气．Niwa等［‘－‘］和本实验室［‘’］已成功地采用出（OCH小化学气相沉积方法对HM和Hi8M七沸石进行孔径精细调变，改善了沸石的择形吸附分离和催化性能．本文试图进一步研究沸石孔口改性在气体吸附分离方面的应用潜力．我们选择的H元气体混合物体系是NZ／OZ和CH。川。，因为O。，NZ和CH。三种分子的动力学直径分别为0．346O．364和0．380urn，相差甚…     

Gas phase hyper-Rayleigh scattering measurements

Measurements of hyper-Rayleigh scattering intensities and polarization ratios are presented for nine small molecules in the gas phase [CH(4), CF(4), CCl(4), N(2)O, NH(3), D(2)O, SO(2), CF(2)Cl(2), and (CH(3))(2)CO]. In four cases [CH(4), CF(4), CCl(4), and N(2)O] all molecular hyperpolarizability tensor components can be determined from the measurements. The results of this experiment are compared with the results of previous ab initio calculations, finding discrepancies up to 60%. Including vibrational contributions decreases the discrepancies for CH(4) and CF(4) and increases them for CCl(4), D(2)O, and NH(3).     

外标归一化气相法测定天然气组成

 对SP 6000天然气分析仪的气路系统作了改进,实现了仪器自身标定。采用填充柱和毛细管柱分离,热导检测器和火焰电离检测器双检测器检测,外标 归一化法定量,简易、快速地测定了天然气组成。方法的准确度及精密度均符合气相法定量分析的要求。     

Ni/MgO-Al2O3催化剂上高温焦油组分的催化转化

采用分步浸渍法制备了MgO-Al2O3负载的Ni基催化剂, 并运用N2吸附、载射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段进行表征. 该催化剂用于甲苯或萘为焦油模拟化合物的高温焦炉煤气(COG)的常压加氢裂解反应, 并考察了H2浓度、H2S对催化剂活性的影响. 结果表明: 催化剂还原后, 表面形成均匀分散、直径为8-14 nm的金属Ni纳米颗粒; 在较低的水碳摩尔比(nH2O/nC=0.28)时, 甲苯就能完全转化并选择性地加氢裂解形成CH4, 测试的时间内(480 min), 催化剂没有明显的失活和积炭现象, 显示出好的反应活性、稳定性和耐硫能力. 制得的Ni/MgO-Al2O3催化剂有望应用于较低水含量(10%-15%(φ, 体积分数))的高温焦炉煤气中焦油的直接转化.     

Plasma chemistry of NO in complex gas mixtures excited with a surfatron launcher

The plasma chemistry of NO has been investigated in gas mixtures with oxygen and/or hydrocarbon and Ar as carrier gas. Surface wave discharges operating at microwave frequencies have been used for this study. The different plasma reactions have been analyzed for a pressure range between 30 and 75 Torr. Differences in product concentration and/or reaction yields smaller than 10% were found as a function of this parameter. The following gas mixtures have been considered for investigation: Ar/NO, Ar/NO/O2, Ar/NO/CH4, Ar/CH4/O2, Ar/NO/CH4/O2. It is found that NO decomposes into N2 and O2, whereas other products such as CO, H2, and H2O are also formed when CH4 and O2 are present in the reaction mixture. Depending on the working conditions, other minority products such as HCN, CO2, and C2 or higher hydrocarbons have been also detected. The reaction of an Ar/NO plasma with deposits of solid carbon has also been studied. The experiments have provided useful information with respect to the possible removal of soot particles by this type of plasma. It has been shown that carbon deposits are progressively burned off by interaction with the plasma, and practically 100% decomposition of NO was found. Plasma intermediate species have been studied by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Bands and/or peaks due to N2*, NO*, OH*, C2*, CN*, CH*, or H* were detected with different relative intensities depending on the gas mixture. From the analysis of both the reaction products and efficiency and the type of intermediate species detected by OES, different plasma reactions and processes are proposed to describe the plasma chemistry of NO in each particular mixture of gases. The results obtained provide interesting insights about the plasma removal of NO in real gas exhausts.     

Experimental study and detailed modeling of toluene degradation in a low-pressure stoichiometric premixed CH4/O2/N2 flame

Temperature and mole fraction profiles have been measured in laminar stoichiometric premixed CH4/O2/N2 and CH4/1.5%C6H5CH3/O2/N2 flames at low pressure (0.0519 bar) by using thermocouple, molecular beam/mass spectrometry (MB/MS), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. The present study completes our previous work performed on the thermal degradation of benzene in CH4/O2/N2 operating at similar conditions. Mole fraction profiles of reactants, final products, and reactive and stable intermediate species have been analyzed. The main intermediate aromatic species analyzed in the methane-toluene flame were benzene, phenol, ethylbenzene, benzylalcohol, styrene, and benzaldehyde. These new experimental results have been modeled with our previous model including submechanisms for aromatics (benzene up to p-xylene) and aliphatic (C1 up to C7) oxidation. Good agreement has been observed for the main species analyzed. The main reaction paths governing the degradation of toluene in the methane flame were identified, and it occurs mainly via the formation of benzene (C6H5CH3 + H = C6H6 + CH3) and benzyl radical (C6H5CH3 + H = C6H5CH2 + H2). Due to the abundance of methyl radicals, it was observed that recombination of benzyl and methyl is responsible for main monosubstitute aromatic species analyzed in the methane-toluene flame. The oxidation of these substitute species led to cyclopentadienyl radical as observed in a methane-benzene flame.     

Substitution and derivatization reactions of a water soluble iron(II) complex containing a self-assembled tetradentate phosphine ligand

Facile substitution reactions of the two water ligands in the hydrophilic tetradentate phosphine complex cis-[Fe{(HOCH2)P{CH2N(CH2P(CH2OH)2)CH2}2P(CH2OH)}(H2O)2](SO4) (abbreviated to [Fe(L1)(H2O)2](SO4), 1) take place upon addition of Cl-, NCS-, N3(-), CO3(2-) and CO to give [Fe(L1)X2] (2, X = Cl; 4, X = NCS; 5, X=N3), [Fe(L1)(kappa2-O(2)CO)], 6 and [Fe(L1)(CO)2](SO4), 7. The unsymmetrical mono-substituted intermediates [Fe(L1)(H2O)(CO)](SO(4)) and [Fe(L(1))(CO)(kappa(1)-OSO(3))] (8/9) have been identified spectroscopically en-route to 7. Treatment of 1 with acetic anhydride affords the acylated derivative [Fe{(AcOCH2)P{CH2N(CH2P(CH2OAc)2)CH2}2P(CH2OAc)}(kappa2-O(2)SO2)] (abbreviated to [Fe(L2)(kappa2-O(2)SO2)], 10), which has increased solubility over 1 in both organic solvents and water. Treatment of 1 with glycine does not lead to functionalisation of L1, but substitution of the aqua ligands occurs to form [Fe(L(1))(NH(2)CH(2)CO(2)-kappa(2)N,O)](HSO(4)), 11. Compound 10 reacts with chloride to form [Fe(L(2))Cl(2)] 12, and 12 reacts with CO in the presence of NaBPh4 to form [Fe(L2)Cl(CO)](BPh4) 13b. Both of the chlorides in 12 are substituted on reaction with NCS- and N3(-) to form [Fe(L2)(NCS)2] 14 and [Fe(L2)(N3)2] 15, respectively. Complexes 2.H2O, 4.2H2O, 5.0.812H2O, 6.1.7H2O, 7.H2O, 10.1.3CH3C(O)CH3, 12 and 15.0.5H2O have all been crystallographically characterised.