胶束增敏共振光散射法测定痕量镍

在碱性条件下,Ni(Ⅱ)和1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)形成聚合物,对PAN的共振光散射有增强作用,加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)进一步敏化该体系。共振光散射增强强度(ΔI)与Ni(Ⅱ)浓度呈良好的线性关系,据此建立了测定Ni(Ⅱ)的共振光散射分析方法。在优化的实验条件下,体系的最大散射波长位于545 nm处,方法的线性回归方程为ΔIRLS=4502.9ρ(μg/mL) 271.82;线性范围为15.2~500 ng/mL;相关系数γ=0.9975;检出限为4.57 ng/mL。对Ni(Ⅱ)分别为50、200、400 ng/mL低、中、高3个浓度进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差分别为:3.5%、3.0%和1.7%。     

共振散射法测定安乃近含量

在pH=5.0的B-R缓冲溶液中,Fe(Ⅲ)与邻菲啰啉反应生成无色配合物,从而使得体系在374nm波长处产生1个较强的共振散射峰。加入安乃近(或4-甲氨基安替比林)后,其将Fe(Ⅲ)还原成Fe(Ⅱ),而生成一种橙红色配合物,使得体系在374nm(或373nm)波长处的共振散射信号减弱。在最佳实验条件下,当安乃近浓度在0.634~15.2μg/mL范围内,体系的共振散射信号△I与安乃近的浓度之间有较好的线性关系,检出限为5.75ng/mL。该方法可直接用于测定安乃近含量,回收率为100.4%~103.4%。     

对二甲基氨基偶氮苯染料共振瑞利散射法测定红霉素

在pH 4的HCl介质中,对二甲基氨基偶氮苯染料在50℃下可与红霉素作用形成稳定的离子缔合物。冷却至室温后在荧光分光光度计上同步扫描得到各溶液的共振瑞利散射光谱,发现单一的红霉素溶液的最大响应波长在334 nm附近,波峰和坡度变化均不明显;而与对二甲基氨基偶氮苯染料反应后最大响应波长增加到368 nm(甲基橙体系)和356 nm(甲基红体系)附近,在597 nm附近还有一肩峰,波峰、波谷分明;散射强度I也明显增强,且强度与红霉素质量浓度成正比,分别在0~50 mg/L或0~80 mg/L范围内符合Beer定律,线性回归方程为:IRRS=7.745×104ρ-15.17,r=0.9855(对甲基橙体系),IRRS=1.139×105ρ-36.91,r=0.9913(对甲基红体系)。据此,建立了测定红霉素的共振瑞利散射新方法,检出限可达0.15μg/mL。方法应用于红霉素肠溶片中红霉素的质量分析,加标回收率在97.6%~103.9%之间。     

四羧基铜酞菁共振散射法测定硫酸庆大霉素

在弱酸性条件下,四羧基铜酞菁(CuC4Pc)与硫酸庆大霉素(GEN)反应形成离子缔合物,使体系的共振散射强度增大,据此建立了以四羧基铜酞菁为探针测定GEN的新方法.在λ为362 nm处,共振散射强度(△IRLS)最大且△IRLS与GEN的浓度在0.05～1.50μg/mL范围内成正比,检出限为0.044μg/mL.将方法用于硫酸庆大霉素注射液的测定,结果满意。     

硫化镉纳米微粒作探针共振瑞利散射测定某些蒽环类抗癌药物

在pH=5.0—9.0的水溶液中, 硫化镉纳米微粒[(CdS)n]与蒽环类抗生素米托蒽醌(MXT)、 表柔比星(EPI)和柔红霉素(DNR)凭借静电引力及疏水作用力结合, 形成粒径更大的聚集体, 导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的增强并产生新的RRS光谱, 最大的RRS峰位于292 nm(MXT体系)、 285 nm(DNR体系)和315 nm(EPI体系). 与此同时还观察到二级散射(SOS)和倍频散射(FDS)强度明显提高. 其最大SOS峰位于540 nm(MXT体系)和560 nm(EPI及DNR体系), 而最大的FDS峰分别位于335 nm(MXT体系)、 320 nm(EPI体系)和330 nm(DNR体系). 在一定条件下, 3种散射强度(ΔI)均与药物的浓度成正比, 反应具有高灵敏度, 对于3种药物的检出限在3.6—9.1 ng/mL之间. 其中(CdS)n-MXT体系灵敏度最高, 对MXT的检出限分别为4.1 ng/mL(RRS)、 3.8 ng/mL(SOS)和3.6 ng/mL(FDS). 据此发展了一种用纳米硫化镉作探针, 灵敏、 简便并快速测定蒽环类抗癌药物的共振瑞利散射新方法.     

共振瑞利散射光谱法测定甲砜霉素——基于与溴甲酚绿的反应

在pH 7.56的Tris-盐酸缓冲溶液中,一定量的甲砜霉素与1.0×10^-3mol·L^-1溴甲酚绿溶液1.5 mL在总体积10 mL中反应生成离子缔合物,产生共振瑞利散射光谱,在其最大共振光散射峰波长340 nm处测定共振瑞利散射的强度I_RRS。甲砜霉素的质量浓度在0.02～0.36 mg·L^-1范围内与扣除空白值的相应共振瑞利散射强度△I_RRS呈线性关系,方法的检出限（3s/k）为0.065 mg·L^-1。方法用于测定两种甲砜霉素药物中甲砜霉素的含量,并以此试样为基体,用标准加入法做回收率和精密度试验,测得其平均回收率在98.9%～102%之间,相对标准偏差（n=6）在1.4%～1.7%之间。     

免疫共振散射分析法测定人血清中痕量脂蛋白(a)

在pH为7.6的Tris - HCI缓冲溶液及聚乙二醇6000 (PEG 6000)存在下,羊抗人脂蛋白(a)与脂蛋白(a)发生免疫反应形成疏水性免疫复合物微粒,导致体系的共振散射强度增强,在波长为340 nm处具有较强的共振散射峰.在选定条件下,脂蛋白(a)质量浓度在0.10～2.33μg/mL范围内与340 nm处...     

厚朴酚-结晶紫-十二烷基硫酸钠体系的共振光散射光谱研究及分析应用

在pH=3.5的柠檬酸钠-盐酸缓冲介质中,阳离子染料结晶紫(CV)对厚朴酚/和厚朴酚与十二烷基硫酸钠( SDS)的共振光散射光谱有协同增强作用.在优化的实验条件下,在共振光散射波长为333 nm处,体系的共振光散射增加值与厚朴酚及和厚朴酚在0.02～5.33 μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.88×10-4...     

金纳米微粒共振光散射光谱探针测定维生素B_4-水溶性腺嘌呤的研究

建立了一种以金纳米微粒为探针共振光散射(RLS)法测定维生素B4的新方法.在弱酸性介质中(pH 4.2),金纳米微粒在635 nm有一最大共振散射峰.加入微量维生素B4后,金纳米微粒与维生素B4通过静电引力结合.形成了粒径较大的聚集体,导致RLS强度显著增强.研究了体系的共振光散射光谱特征和反应适宜条件,探讨了共振光散射增强的机理.结果表明,维生素B4质量浓度在0.1～5.0μg/mL 时与散射强度(△I)呈线性关系,检出限(3σ)为12.0 ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%.该方法已用于片剂中维生素B4的测定.     

AR-Ag(Ⅰ)体系的共振散射光谱法测定痕量银

在pH=4.4的NaAc-HAc缓冲介质和2.0×10-3mol/L十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)溶液中,Ag(Ⅰ)与茜素红(AR)可形成较稳定的离子缔合物微粒,其在324、360和500nm处分别产生3个较强的共振散射峰.在最佳实验条件下,浓度在0.022～2.160μg/mL之间的Ag(Ⅰ)与共振散射强度△I324nm呈较好的线性关系,检测限为0.139 ng/mL.据此,建立了一种测定痕量银的共振散射新方法,并将该方法用于废胶片中痕量银的测定.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.