微波场中T型分子筛的合成及晶化研究

研究了微波场中T型分子筛的结晶过程。考察了微波加热体系中合成参数如合成时间、溶胶组成、反应压力和模板剂用量对分子筛晶化的影响。微波加热的主要优点是减少合成时间,无模板剂的溶胶在普通加热条件下的晶化时间需要120 h,而在微波场中则仅需要20～25 h。另一方面,由于微波的快速加热特性促进了稳定相钙十字沸石的生成,从而减小了次稳定相T型分子筛的结晶区间。在未添加模板剂条件时,100 ℃下微波水热合成T型分子筛的结晶区间为：20≤n_SiO2/n_Al2O3≤22和0.31≤ n_M2O/n_SiO2≤0.33(其中M₂O=Na₂O+K₂O, n_Na/n_K=3和n_M2O/n_SiO2=11.70)。在普通加热和微波加热合成体系中,添加模板剂均能扩大结晶区间,同时还可以进一步减少合成时间。     

类固相法快速合成高钙镁离子交换性能的P型分子筛

以硅铝干凝胶为硅源和铝源,氢氧化钠为碱源,采用类固相法快速合成了P型分子筛,并通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）等手段对产品进行了表征分析。结果表明,硅铝干凝胶的组成n_SiO2/n_Al2O3=5,晶化时间和晶化温度分别为3 h、140℃,原料的组成n_Na2O/n_SiO2、n_H2O/n_SiO2=18.51时,可制备形貌均一、结晶良好的P型分子筛产品。与传统水热法相比,该方法极大地减少了合成过程的用水量,缩短了晶化时间,提高了产品的钙镁离子交换性能,从整体上优化了P型分子筛的合成工艺。     

EU-1分子筛的合成及其在正己烷异构化反应中的催化性能

在不同硅铝比(n_SiO2/n_Al2O3)的合成凝胶(含纯硅凝胶)中引入晶种,合成了纯相的EU-1分子筛。研究了铝源、模板剂和晶种添加量对EU-1分子筛的结晶度、形貌尺寸等的影响;重点研究了不同硅铝比对样品结晶度、晶粒尺寸、酸性、比表面积和孔容等的影响。将合成结果绘制成了纯相EU-1分子筛的合成条件三元图,从三元图可看出,晶种法可显著扩大纯相EU-1分子筛的合成区域。将Pt/H-EU-1用于正己烷异构化反应,结果表明,该催化剂具有优异的正己烷异构化活性及稳定性,对异构烷烃有较高的选择性。     

Al掺杂Li-Ni-O系列电池正极材料的制备与性能研究

以Ni(NO₃)₂、Al(NO₃)₃和LiOH为原料，研究了一种制备锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_1-xAl_xO₂(x=0.025～0.30)新的共沉淀方法：在前驱体的制备过程中采用超声波振动，在焙烧前用无水乙醇保护前驱体，并在空气气氛下对前驱体进行焙烧。采用充放电测试、XRD和循环伏安研究了掺铝量、焙烧温度和时间、补锂量以及超声波振动对LiNi_1-xAl_xO₂性能及结构的影响。结果表明，在空气气氛中，正极材料LiNi_1-xAl_xO₂中Al的最佳含量为x=0.2，最佳焙烧温度为700 ℃，焙烧时间为16 h,补锂量为0.05(即：n_Li∶n_Ni+Al=1.05∶1)效果较好；并发现掺铝有利于形成和稳定α-NaFeO₂型层状有序结构。同时发现，超声波振动提高了电池材料的性能。     

原位法合成有取向无过渡区域的MFI分子筛膜

采用原位法在多孔α-Al₂O₃载体表面合成出连续覆盖且b轴取向的MFI分子筛晶种层，进一步在较温和的条件下进行二次生长，获得了b、a-轴取向的膜层，厚度约为3 μm。通过控制合成液的n_H2O/ n_Si比值，可以调节凝胶粒径大小，使其无法渗透到载体孔内，可以避免膜层与载体之间过渡区域的形成。与国内外现有合成方法比较，采用原位水热法合成晶种层并进一步进行二次生长得到分子筛膜的合成路线简单、易行，同样可以达到控制分子筛膜层晶体取向和微观结构的目的。     

铝/氟比对改性尖晶石锰酸锂性能的影响

采用草酸铝、氟化锂与尖晶石LiMn₂O₄进行高温固相反应，制备出改性尖晶石LiMn₂O₄材料。对材料进行了XRD、SEM分析及电性能测试，结果表明，改性材料均基本保持了尖晶石主体结构，晶格常数随n(Al)∶n(F)比例的增大而减小;Al³⁺、F^-的引入可以引起材料颗粒表面形貌的变化，产生规则结晶，而颗粒表面结晶的大小受n(Al)∶相似文献   

二丙胺的结构微调对磷酸铝分子筛晶化过程影响的凝胶组成依赖性

以二丙胺异构体（二正丙胺DPA和二异丙胺D-iPA）为结构导向剂,在200℃加热2组反应原料物质的量之比不同的初始凝胶,合成出了高结晶度的磷酸铝分子筛AlPO₄-11。利用X射线粉末衍射分析、元素分析等表征手段,研究了凝胶的晶化过程和液相的pH值以及Al和P的浓度演化。初始凝胶各组分物质的量之比为n_Al2O3：n_P2O5：n_DPA/D-iPA：n_H2O2=1.0：1.0：1.2：75时,以DPA为结构导向剂,晶化过程中无中间相生成,而以D-iPA为结构导向剂时,晶化过程中生成了具有12元环孔道结构的磷酸铝分子筛AlPO₄-5中间相;初始凝胶各组分物质的量之比为n_Al2O3：n_P2O5：n_DPA/D-iPA：n_H2O2=1.0：1.0：1.0：75时,以DPA为结构导向剂,晶化过程中生成了具有18元环孔道结构的磷酸铝分子筛VPI-5中间相,而以D-iPA为结构导向剂时,晶化过程中同时出现了VPI-5及AlPO₄-5两种中间相。表明对于同一种有机胺,凝胶物质的量之比的改变影响了其结构导向效应。理论计算结果显示质子化的DPA及D-iPA中N原子上的电荷有差异,表明有机胺的结构微调影响其结构导向效应,但该影响依赖于凝胶组成。     

间歇式水热合成制备丝光沸石膜及其异丙醇脱水应用

采用市售廉价大孔α-Al₂O₃管作为基质材料，通过热浸渍法在管外表面涂敷晶种，随后在无模板剂体系下，利用新型的间歇式水热合成法制备丝光沸石膜。对比了传统加热和间歇式加热对丝光沸石膜形貌、结构及渗透蒸发异丙醇脱水分离性能的差异。考察了合成液中Na₂O/SiO₂、SiO₂/Al₂O₃和NaF/SiO₂物质的量之比在间歇式水热合成下对丝光沸石膜的影响。研究结果表明，当合成液中Na₂O/SiO₂、SiO₂/Al₂O₃和NaF/SiO₂物质的量之比分别为0.24、16.7和0.25时，制备的丝光沸石膜渗透蒸发异丙醇脱水分离性能最佳，在75℃下，对异丙醇/水(9∶1，w/w)的渗透通量达5.60 kg·m^-2·h^-1，水对异丙醇的分离因数大于10 000。     

HAlMCM-41介孔分子筛催化1,3-苯并二噁茂烷合成的研究

研究了HAlMCM-41分子筛催化邻苯二酚与环己酮、丁酮、丙酮、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、正己醛、正辛醛、苯甲醛、二苯甲酮等十余种醛(酮)的缩合反应. 考察了反应时间、酚与醛(酮)的配比、HAlMCM-41分子筛用量、硅铝比、催化剂重用次数等因素对邻苯二酚与醛(酮)反应的影响. 结果表明, 当邻苯二酚与醛(酮)物质的量比为1∶1.4, 催化剂用量为3.5 g/mol邻苯二酚, 反应4 h, 分子筛n(SiO₂)/n(Al₂O₃)为15时, 选择性一般在99.4%以上, 转化率也一般在85.6%以上, 因此, HAlMCM-41分子筛对邻苯二酚与醛(酮)的反应有较好的催化性能.     

双杂原子Ti-V-β沸石的合成、表征及催化性能研究

以白炭黑(二氧化硅)为硅源、四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂、硫酸钛为钛源、偏钒酸铵为钒源、氟化钠为矿化剂,采用水热法合成了Ti-V-β沸石。探讨了合成条件对Ti-V-β沸石形成的影响。运用XRD、IR、UV-Vis固体漫反射光谱、TG/DTA、SEM+EDS和ICP等测试技术对样品进行了表征并测定了样品中Ti和V的含量。结果表明,按下列化学组成配制初始反应混合物：n(SiO₂)∶n(V₂O₅)∶n(TiO₂)∶n[(TEA)₂O]∶n(H₂O)∶n(NaF)=60∶(0.05～1.2)∶(0.1～2.4)∶(12～18)∶(450～720)∶(4～14),可制备出Ti-V-β沸石,Ti和V原子进入了沸石骨架。对样品在以H₂O₂为氧化剂氧化苯乙烯反应中的催化活性作了初步考察,结果表明,Ti-V-β沸石具有很高的催化活性,在下列反应条件下：v(H₂O₂)/v(ph CH=CH₂)=2.6,V(acetone)/v(phCH=CH₂)=10,m(cat)/v(phCH=CH₂)=0.003 g·mL^-1,T=80 ℃,t=6 h,苯乙烯的转化率98.16%。产品的选择性为：苯甲醛68.15%,苯乙醛23.35%,苯乙酮6.61%。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.