不同混合酸消解样品对电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定土壤中重金属含量的影响

为探究不同混合酸对电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定土壤中重金属元素(铜、锌、铅、镍和铬)的影响,对土壤进行多晶衍射分析,采用硝酸-高氯酸、盐酸-硝酸、盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸、盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸混合酸对4种不同类型土壤(黑钙土、褐土、棕壤、红壤)进行了分析。结果表明:该4种混合酸对标准样品的测定都具有较高的准确性与精确性;不同的混合酸的对不同类型土壤中重金属元素的测定具有一定的影响,其中对铬的影响最大;完全消解体系(盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸、盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸混合酸)的测定结果不同程度地高于不完全消解体系(硝酸-高氯酸、盐酸-硝酸混合酸)的结果。所以对于土壤重金属元素的测定,混合酸需要针对土壤类型,重金属元素种类等因素进行选择。     

土壤中铅的分析方法比对

对不同的样品消解方法及电感耦合等离子体质谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中铅的测定结果进行比对。采用电热板、微波及水浴3种加热方式,选择硝酸、氢氟酸、双氧水、王水、高氯酸、盐酸的不同组合进行土壤样品消解,通过分析测定值的精密度和准确度,考察消解体系对电感耦合等离子体质谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定结果的影响。结果表明采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中的铅,最适宜的消解体系是硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸(微波加热),采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定最适宜的消解体系是硝酸(电热板加热),采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定最适宜的消解体系是硝酸-盐酸-高氯酸(微波加热)。电感耦合等离子体质谱法的精密度和准确度优于另外两种方法。     

全自动石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中12种重金属元素的含量

分取约0.100 0 g处理后的土壤样品,用少量水润湿,以3 mL硝酸、3 mL氢氟酸和1 mL高氯酸为酸体系,采用全自动石墨炉消解仪于150℃消解样品2.0 h。消解完成后,赶酸,消解液和水冲洗液一起转移至50 mL容量瓶中,再用水定容,混匀,过0.45μm滤膜,滤液按照电感耦合等离子体质谱仪工作条件进行测定。结果表明：钒、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅、钼、锑等12种重金属元素的质量浓度均在200μg·L^-1以内与所对应的响应强度与内标响应强度比呈线性关系,检出限(3s)为0.008～0.250μg·g^-1;对土壤标准样品GSS-13、GSS-19、GSS-23进行准确度和精密度试验,测定值均在认定值的不确定度范围内,并且测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均不大于4.0%;方法用于5个实际土壤样品分析,12种重金属元素测定值均未超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准。     

全自动消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定海洋沉积物中重金属

目前海洋沉积物前处理主要通过电热板消解,但该方法存在消解不完全、前处理时间长、重复性较差以及手工消解操作繁琐等问题。为提高海洋沉积物重金属消解效率,通过考察硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸和高氯酸组合酸体系比例和最高消解温度对海洋沉积物预处理的影响,确定了最优的消解条件,建立了全自动消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定海洋沉积物中重金属的方法。结果显示硝酸占比越高各元素消解效果越好,盐酸用量不宜过多,逆王水消解比例最好。最优预处理条件为9 mL硝酸、3 mL盐酸、4 mL氢氟酸和2 mL高氯酸于160℃高温消解。该预处理条件下各元素相关性系数均大于0.999,经海洋沉积物标准样品（GBW07314）和实际样品应用,与国标法（GB/T 20260-2006）相比优化条件下各元素精密度和正确度均显著提高、检出限更低。各元素的相对标准偏差分别为0.9%~3.3%、0.5%~3.4%,回收率均在84.2%~102%。该方法自动化程度高、操作简便,可实现大批量样品预处理,适用于海洋沉积物中重金属元素的测定。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中10种重金属元素

利用硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸混合液和微波消解仪密闭消解样品，建立了一种微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法同时测定土壤中铜、铅、锌、锰、钒、铬、镉、镍、锡、铊10种重金属的分析方法。取0.100 0 g土壤样品于消解罐中，采用4 mL硝酸+1 mL盐酸+1 mL氢氟酸消解体系按照设定程序进行微波消解，冷却，定容后利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行。结果表明，以铑元素作为内标，10种重金属元素在一定的质量浓度范围内与其信号强度呈线性关系，线性相关系数均不小于0.999 8，检出限为0.010～0.92 mg/kg。对3种标准物质进行测定，测定值的相对标准偏差为2.89%～7.72%(n=10)，相对偏差为-5.95%～4.11%。该方法分析流程简单，工作效率高，检出限低，适合大批量土壤样品的多元素同时分析。     

分类消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定环境土壤中15种金属元素的含量

测定土壤中铍、锌、钼、铊、钛、锑等6种元素以硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混合酸为消解体系,采用全自动消解法进行消解;测定土壤中钒、锰、钴、镍、铜、镉、钡、铅、铬等9种元素以硝酸-氢氟酸-盐酸混合酸为消解体系,采用微波消解法进行消解。以氩为内标元素校正土壤基体的雾化效率及电离效率。电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)采用多向观测模式,结合多重谱线拟合技术(MSF)校正光谱干扰,测定环境土壤中上述15种元素的含量,检出限为0.1~3.7 mg·kg~(-1)。按上述方法测定标准样品GSS~(-1)0和GSS~(-1)3,各元素的测定值与认定值吻合,相对标准偏差(n=11)为0.15%~2.6%。以吉林市某河岸土壤为实际测定样品,各元素的测定值与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)的测定值一致,相对标准偏差(n=11)为1.6%~4.5%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定农产品地土壤中铅、镉、铬消解方法的改进

采用赶酸电热板消解农产品地土壤中的重金属,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定土壤中的铅、镉、铬。研究了酸体系及酸用量、赶酸电热板的升温程序,确定了最佳消解条件。通过统计50个批次土壤样品中加入的质控样,做出质控图,结果表明:各元素测定值均落在中心附近、上下警告线之内,批次内平行样品各元素相对标准偏差均小于5%。方法克服了传统的电热板消解法的缺点,弥补了高压罐消解法和微波消解法的不足,方法快速、准确,适合于大批量样品的分析。     

超级微波消解-全自动重金属分析联用系统测定土壤中18种元素的含量北大核心CSCD

以超级微波消解-全自动重金属分析联用系统测定土壤中18种元素(锂、铍、钒、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、钼、银、镉、锑、铊、铅、铋、铀)的含量。取0.1 g土壤于消解管中,将消解管加载至上述联用系统,按照以下步骤自动完成加酸、消解、稀释、测定:加入1 mL水润湿样品,再加入1.5 mL硝酸、0.5 mL盐酸和0.5 mL氢氟酸,并程序升温至260℃,保温30 min;冷却、泄压、用水稀释后,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定。结果表明:18种目标元素的质量浓度均在一定范围内与其对应的信号强度与内标元素铑信号强度的比值呈线性关系,检出限(3s)为0.001~0.300μg·L^(-1);方法用于土壤成分分析标准物质GSS-2、GSS-13和GSS-27的分析,测定值均在认定值的不确定度范围内,其相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.3%~5.3%。方法消解用酸量仅为HJ 803-2016的50%,且自动化程度高、分析快速,适用于大批量土壤样品的分析。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定铜铅锌矿中稀土元素

铜铅锌矿石样品中加入硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸,在封闭消解杯中处理后,再加硫酸冒烟,盐酸提取,稀释后用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定其中的稀土元素,并用铑和铱作内标元素补偿基体效应和灵敏度漂移。根据铜铅锌矿石标准参考物质(GBW07233～GBW07237)的分析结果评价方法的准确度和精密度,对标准物质的测定值与标准值基本一致,方法相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%～7.6%,符合地质样品分析规范要求。方法检出限为0.001～0.011μg/g。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定工业纯铁中13种元素

工业纯铁样品用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸微波消解,消解液用水定容至100.0mL,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定上述溶液中硼、镁、钙、钛、铬、镍、铜、锆、铌、锡、锑、铅、铋等13种元素的含量。采用内标法定量,13种元素的线性范围均为0.000 10%~0.015 00%,检出限(3s)为0.24~0.66μg·L^-1。用标准加入法做方法的回收试验,测得回收率为84.0%~106%。方法应用于纯铁标准样品(GBW 01401b、GBW 01402g、SRM 2167、YSBC 11247-2007)的分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.80%~9.6%。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.