助剂镍/钴对磷化钨催化剂加氢精制性能的影响

在共浸渍法制备磷化钨／γ-Al2O3催化剂基础上，分别加人1％、3％、5％、7％和9％(占活性组分比例)的助剂镍或钴，制得负载30％含助剂镍／钴磷化钨／γ-Al2O3系列催化剂，考察了助剂及其加人比例对催化剂加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮性能的影响．结果表明，加人适当比例的助剂镍或钴，有利于提高磷化钨／γ-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱硫活性，当助剂含量分别为5％镍或7％钴时，催化剂的噻吩加氢脱硫率最高；助剂镍对磷化钨／γ-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱氮反应不利，而加人适当比例助剂钴有利于提高催化剂加氢脱氮活性，当助剂钴含量为5％时，催化剂吡啶加氢脱氮率最高．温度对磷化钨／γ-Al2O3催化剂加氢精制性能有一定影响，高温有利于加氢脱硫反应，低温有利于加氢脱氮反应．     

一种新型加氢精制磷化钨催化剂的研究

采用偏钨酸铵{(NH4)2W4O13·18H2O}与磷酸氢二铵{(NH4)2HPO4}溶解、蒸发、焙烧和程序升温还原的方法,制备了无负载WP催化剂.利用XRD和BET对合成样品进行表征,采用TG/DTA方法对催化剂前体的氢还原过程进行考察.以制备的磷化钨为活性组分,Al2O3为稀释剂,在空速为4h-1、氢油比为1000、反应压力为3.0MPa、不同反应温度的条件下,对吡啶加氢脱氮、噻吩加氢脱硫和模型化合物为二苯并噻吩(含3000ppm硫)、喹啉(含2000ppm磷)和环己烷(溶剂)加氢脱硫(HDS)和加氢脱氮(HDN)反应活性进行测定,结果表明:无负载WP催化剂有相当的活性,其对大分子脱氮、脱硫活性明显优于对小分子脱氮、脱硫活性.     

WP/γ-Al2O3催化剂负载方式对噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响

以γ-Al2O3为载体，分别采用机械混合法、共浸渍法、分步浸渍法和程序升温、高纯氢气还原无定型磷钨酸盐的方法，制备了活性组分为磷化钨，负载量为20%的WP/γ-Al2O3催化剂。考察了不同方法制备的催化剂对噻吩加氢脱硫（HDS）反应的催化活性。结果表明：不同负载方式对催化剂结构有一定影响，对噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响在低温时较明显。采用机械混合方式，先混合后还原方法制备的催化剂其HDS活性比先还原后混合方法制备的催化剂高；采用共浸渍和分步浸渍方式，通过焙烧所形成的催化剂其HDS活性分别比不经焙烧所形成的催化剂高或接近；浸渍焙烧所形成的催化剂其HDS活性远远高于机械混合法制备的催化剂。     

制备条件对磷化钼加氢脱硫催化活性的影响

采用程序升温还原方法制得磷化钼(MoP)催化剂,在常压连续微型化反应装置中,以噻吩为模型化合物,对催化剂的加氢脱硫活性进行评价。考察了还原温度、磷钼摩尔比、不同磷源等制备条件对MoP催化活性的影响。实验结果表明,在MoP生成温度区间内,随着还原温度的升高,催化剂活性降低;磷钼摩尔比为1∶1时,噻吩转化率最高,而磷钼摩尔比为1∶2和2∶1时制备催化剂的催化活性相当;采用磷酸二氢铵、磷酸铵以及磷酸为磷源,均可制得磷化钼,而以磷酸二氢铵为磷源时制备磷化钼催化剂的活性最佳。在噻吩加氢脱硫反应条件下反应后,不同磷源制备的磷化钼整体物相均没有发生变化。     

WP／MCM-41催化剂的制备及其加氢脱硫性能

以磷钨酸铵、磷酸氢二铵和自制的MCM-41为原料,采用超声波振荡、程序升温和高纯氢气还原的方法制备了高比表面积的WP和WP/MCM-41,用XRD、BET、BJH、SEM和EDX表征了所制备的催化剂,并考察了催化剂对噻吩的加氢脱硫性能.结果表明,采用超声波振荡法制得的WP催化剂其比表面积、孔容和对噻吩加氢脱硫活性明显高于常规搅拌制得的WP催化剂,WP的比表面积达到56.357 m2/g,孔容达到0.058 cm3/g,35%WP/MCM-41催化剂的比表面积分别为287.522 m2/g,孔容为0.362 cm3/g,在613 K时WP催化剂的噻吩转化率达到81.22%,负载量为35%的WP/MCM-41催化剂的噻吩转化率达到92.78%;35%WP/MCM-41的噻吩HDS活性较好.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备MoP/SiO2催化剂加氢脱硫催化活性的研究

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,以钼酸铵和磷酸二氢铵为钼源和磷源,采用溶胶-凝胶法,经干燥、焙烧,程序升温还原制备得到二氧化硅负载磷化钼(MoP)催化剂。以噻吩、二苯并噻吩为模型化合物,对负载催化剂的加氢脱硫活性进行评价,考察了负载量、反应压力、反应温度等因素对催化活性的影响。实验结果表明,MoP/SiO₂催化剂Mo的最佳负载量为20%,升高反应压力和温度均有利于提高二苯并噻吩的转化率,但降低了产物中联苯的含量。     

制备参数对β-Mo2N0.78催化剂加氢脱硫活性影响的研究

以N2与H2的混合气为反应气，和三氧化钼进行多段程序升温反应，制得一种β晶型的氮化钼。以噻吩为模型化合物的常压加氢脱硫反应表明，β-Mo2N0.78具有较强的加氢脱硫活性和强的抗硫化性能。同时考察了预还原、反应温度以及氮化末温、升温速率、反应气中N2-H2比及氮化时间等制备参数对β-Mo2N0.78加氢脱硫活性的影响。研究发现，β-Mo2N0.78的加氢脱硫活性在320 ℃～400 ℃随反应温度的升高增强，而还原预处理会降低催化剂的活性。氮化末温、氮化时间、反应气组成和升温速率等制备参数对催化剂的活性有明显的影响：随着氮化末温的升高，所制备的催化剂催化加氢脱硫活性降低；在氮化末温恒温较长时间，可以引起制备催化剂的加氢脱硫活性下降；存在最佳的反应气组成和各段升温速率。小晶粒的β-Mo2N0.78具有强的加氢脱硫活性。     

Co、Mo掺杂对Ni／ZnO—ZrO2催化剂催化噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用固相合成法制备了ZnO—ZrO2载体,并采用浸渍法制备了镍基催化剂,以噻吩加氢脱硫反应为探针考察了Co、Mo的掺杂对Ni／ZnO—ZrO2催化性能的影响．采用NH,吸附红外光谱（IR）、程序升温脱附（TPD）、程序升温还原（TPR）、X射线衍射（XRD）等技术对催化剂进行了表征．研究结果表明,ZnO－ZrO2复合载体对噻吩加氢脱硫反应有一定的活性,反应温度为400℃时噻吩转化率为6．4％;Co的加入提高了Ni／ZnO-ZrO2的催化活性,噻吩转化率可达97．3％;相反,Mo的掺杂则降低了Ni／ZnO—ZrO2的催化活性,噻吩转化率为65．0％．这是由于Co的掺杂使活性组分Ni分散度提高,氧化态的Ni变得容易还原,在同样的还原条件下催化剂表面有更多的活性中心;而Mo掺杂则使Ni／ZnO—ZrO2催化剂中氧化态的Ni变得难以还原,部分以NiO形式存在,活性中心数量减少．三种催化剂表面均存在L酸中心,Co掺杂使Ni／ZnO-ZrO2催化剂表面弱酸中心和中等强度酸中心的强度及数量均增大．No掺杂则减弱了催化剂表面弱酸中心和中强酸中心的强度．对其酸量则影响不大．     

β-Mo2N0.78/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备及其噻吩加氢脱硫活性的研究

以γ-Al2O3为载体，钼酸铵为氧化钼前驱体，采用在N2-H2气氛下的程序升温还原氮化反应，制备β-Mo2N0.78/γ-Al2O3催化剂，以噻吩为模型化合物，考察了该催化剂的加氢脱硫反应性能，以及反应温度、氢还原预处理和钴、镍助剂的引入等因素对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明，在320 ℃～400 ℃之间，随着反应温度的升高，催化剂的活性逐渐增加；预还原则降低了催化剂的活性；添加钴、镍均在一定负载量范围内可以改善β-Mo2N0.78/γ-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱硫活性，但镍对催化剂活性的影响要小于钴。     

CO吸附原位红外光谱结合分子模拟计算研究FCC汽油加氢脱硫催化剂的选择性

以脱硫选择性不同的2组催化裂化汽油加氢脱硫催化剂为研究对象, 采用CO吸附原位红外光谱表征了2组催化剂的活性相特征, 并通过分子模拟计算方法比较了助剂Co加入前后噻吩和1-己烯在催化剂表面的电荷分布、吸附能及其加氢反应的活化能等, 探讨了助剂Co的加入对选择性加氢脱硫催化剂脱硫选择性的作用机理. 结果表明, 加氢脱硫催化剂CoMoS活性相的增加有利于提高催化剂的加氢脱硫/加氢降烯烃(HDS/HYD)选择性. 与1-己烯加氢位相比, Co的加入显著提高了噻吩分子加氢位的缺电子性, 噻吩在催化剂表面的吸附度增强, 显著降低噻吩加氢反应的能垒, 从而使噻吩加氢反应更易进行. 这也表明CoMoS为高HDS活性、高HDS/HYD选择性的活性相.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.