<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ab initio</Emphasis> study of the reaction path of the reaction HNCO+CN

We report ab initio UMP2 calculations of the reaction of CN with HNCO using 6-311G(d,p) basis sets. The obtained results show that the reaction has two product channels: HNCO+CN→HCN+NCO (1) and HNCO+CN→HNCN+CO (2). Channel (1) is a hydrogen abstraction reaction, which is a concerted process. The calculated potential energy barrier is 20.80 kJ/mol at UMP2(full)/6-311G(d,p) level. In the range of reaction temperature (1000-2100 K), the conventional transition theory rate constant for channel (1) ranges from 0.32×10⁻¹¹ to 6.9×10⁻¹¹cm³· mol⁻¹· s⁻¹, which is close to the experimental value. Channel (2) is a stepwise reaction involving an intermediate during the process of reaction. The UMP2(full)/6-311G(d,p) potential energy barrier is 83.42 kJ/mol for the rate-controlling step, which is much higher than that of channel (1).     

Ab initio study on the mechanism of reaction HNCO+NH_2

Ab initio UMP2 and UQCISD(T) calculations, with 6-311G** basis sets, were performed for the titled reactions. The results show that the reactions have two product channels: NH2+ HNCO→NH3+NCO (1) and NH2+HNCO-N2H3+CO (2), where reaction (1) is a hydrogen abstraction reaction via an H-bonded complex (HBC), lowering the energy by 32.48 kJ/mol relative to reactants. The calculated QCISD(T)//MP2(full) energy barrier is 29.04 kJ/mol, which is in excellent accordance with the experimental value of 29.09 kJ/mol. In the range of reaction temperature 2300-2700 K, transition theory rate constant for reaction (1) is 1.68 × 1011- 3.29 × 1011 mL · mol-1· s-1, which is close to the experimental one of 5.0 ×1011 mL× mol-1· s-1 or less. However, reaction (2) is a stepwise reaction proceeding via two orientation modes, cis and trans, and the energy barriers for the rate-control step at our best calculations are 92.79 kJ/mol (for cis-mode) and 147.43 kJ/mol (for trans-mode), respectively, which is much higher than     

A Possible Reaction Channel from BrONO to BrNO2

A possible isomeriztion channel from BrONO( bromine nitrite) to BrNO2 (nitryl bromide) is predicted by means of MP2 and QCISD(T) (single-point) methods.The channel is a direct bromine abstraction reaction from BrONO molecule by NO2 in which the forward reaction barrier is 89.30 kJ/mol at final UQCISD(T)/6-311 G(2df)//UMP2/6-311G(d) level of theory with zero-point energies included,The result can explian the available experiments very well.     

Ab initio Mechanism Study on the Reaction of Chlorine Atom with Formic Acid

The potential energy surface(PES) for the reaction of Cl atom with HCOOH is predicted using ab initio molecular orbital calculation methods at UQCIDS(T,full)6-311 G(3df,2p)//UMP2(full)/6-311 G(d,P) level of theory with zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE) correction.The calculated results show that the reaction mechanism of Cl atom with formic acid is a C-site hydrogen abstraction reaction from cis-HOC(H)O molecule by Cl atom with a 3.73kJ/mol reaction barrier height,leading to the formation of cis-HOCO radical which will reacts with Cl atom or other molecules in such a reaction system.Because the reaction barrier height of O-site hydrogen abstraction reaction from cis-HOC(H)O molecule by Cl atom which leads to the formation of HCO2 radical is 67.95kJ/mol,it is a secondary reaction channel in experiment,This is in good agreement with the prediction based on the previous experiments.     

二氧化三氮(N3O2)中性分子和离子的一些重要反应过程的理论研究

二重态的N3O2中性分子作为中间体, 在N3O2阴离子的光解离反应和NO+N2O←→N2+NO2反应中均起重要作用. 在CCSD(T)/6-311G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)+ZPE的水平上, 对这两个反应进行了理论计算. 结果表明, 在N3O2阴离子的光解离反应中, 该阴离子先在光照下解离为与其具有相同的W构型的中性分子和一个电子, 这个中性分子是一个过渡态, 它将打破C2v构型变成具有Cs对称性的W型中间异构体, 然后再经过一个过渡态, 裂解成N2O+NO两个小分子. 这个裂解过程的能垒非常低(5.96 kJ/mol), 因此在实验中很难检测到W型的中间异构体. 在另一个重要的[N3O2]体系的反应(NO+N2O←→N2+NO2)中, 找到了两条反应通道, 其中不经过中间异构体的一步转化通道更为可行.     

Al2F2分子结构与稳定性的ab initio计算研究

用abinitio方法在UMP2/6-311G(d)水平下计算了Al2F2分子可能的异构体构型和AlF二聚化成Al2F2分子的反应能。UMP2/6-311G(d)和UQCISD(T)/6-311+G(3df)//UMP2/6-311G(d)水平下的能量值均说明具有D2h对称性、1^Ag电子态的异构是Al2F2分子的最稳定构型,其Al-F键长为0.19074nm,键角Al-F-Al和F-Al-F分别为104.62°和75.38°,以及两个强振动,441.27cm^-1和401.93cm^-1,均与实验结果相符合。电子结构分析表明,具有D2h对称性的异构体的活性中心在2个Al原子上,在形成衍生物时是主要的反应加成位置。在UMP2/6-311G(d)和UQCISD(T)6-311+G(3df)//UMP2/6-311G(d)水平下得到了AlF二聚化能量分别为-75.01kJ/mol和-66.07kJ/mol,与文献估计算基本一致,说明AlF二聚化反应能量上是有利的。     

2-硫代嘧啶酮和2-硫代吡啶酮在B-吸收带中的动态结构

采用共振拉曼光谱学结合量子化学计算研究了2-硫代嘧啶酮(2TPM)和2-硫代吡啶酮(2TP)在B-带吸收时的动态结构. 在气相时, 2-巯基嘧啶(2MPM, 硫醇式)比2TPM(硫代酮式)更稳定, 能量差约为15.1 kJ·mol^-1, 而在水和乙腈溶液中, 2TPM比2MPM更稳定, 能量差分别为29.3和28.0 kJ·mol^-1. 气相及基电子态时,由B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算水平获得的2TPM和2MPM之间发生质子转移异构化反应的过渡态能垒约为130 kJ·mol^-1. 2TPM三个吸收带分别被指认为π_H→π_L^*, π_H→π_L+1^*和π_H-1→π_L^*跃迁. 基于对2TPM在固体和溶液相傅里叶变换-拉曼(FT-Raman)和傅里叶变换-红外(FT-IR)光谱测量, 以及B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算, 开展了2TPM在水和乙腈溶液中的B-带共振拉曼光谱的振动指认, 由此获得了2TPM的动态结构, 并与2TP的动态结构进行了比较. 2TPM和2TP动态结构的差异反映了ππ^*/πσ^*锥形交叉点结构的差异, 因此, 可被用于洞察光诱导的氢原子脱离-复合机制.     

电子转移反应O~2+O~2^.^-→O~2^.^-+O~2的从头算研究

利用abinitio方法,在UHF,UMP2及不同基组3-21G,6-31G^*,6-311+G^*和UMP2(full)/6-311+G^*水平上,研究了O~2/O~2^.^-自交换电子转移反应。优化了电子转移前后反应物和产物的结构,研究了体系能量的变化,计算了自交换电子转移反应的内重组能。对UHF方法和UMP2方法的计算结果进行了比较,并与实验结果进行了对照。结果表明UHF方法由于没有考虑组态相互作用,计算结果存在较大偏差,UMP2(full)/6-311+G^*水平上的计算结果与实验值吻合较好。在UMP2(full)/6-311+G^*水平上计算了气相自交换电子转移反应速率常数。在优化了电子转移复合物结构的基础上考虑了溶剂效应的影响,计算了水溶液中的溶剂重组能。研究结果表明O~2/O~2^.^-体系电子转移反应的活化能主要来源于溶剂重组能的贡献。最后计算了该反应在水溶液中的反应速率常数。理论计算结果与实验值吻合得很好。     

Gaseous reaction mechanism of C2F radical with water

The kinetic properties of the carbon-fluorine radicals are little understood except those of CFn (n =1-3). In this article, a detailed mechanistic study was reported on the gas-phase reaction between the simplest pi-bonded C2F radical and water as the first attempt to understand the chemical reactivity of the C2F radical. Various reaction channels are considered. The most kinetically competitive channel is the quasi-direct hydrogen-abstraction route forming P5 HCCF + OH. At the CCSD(T)/6-311+G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)+ZPVE, CCSD(T)/6-311+G(3df,2p)//QCISD/6-311G(d,p)+ZPVE and Gaussian-3//B3LYP/6-31G(d) levels, the overall H-abstraction barriers (4.5, 4.7, and 4.2 kcal/mol) for the C2F + H2O reaction are comparable to the corresponding values (5.5, 3.7, and 5.7 kcal/mol) for the analogous C2H + H2O reaction. This suggests that C2F is a reactive radical like the extensively studied C2H, in contrast to the situation of the CF and CF2 radicals that have much lower reactivity than the corresponding hydrocarbon species. Thus, the C2F radical is expected to play an important role in the combustion processes of the carbon-fluorine chemistry. Furthermore, addition of a second H2O can catalyze the reaction with the H-abstraction barrier significantly reduced to a marginally zero value (0.5 kcal/mol). This is also indicative of the potential relevance of the title reactions in the low-temperature atmospheric chemistry.     

CH_2CH(~2A')自由基与臭氧反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学MP2（full）方法,在6－311+ +G~(**)基组水平上研究了CH_2CH (~2A~＇)自由基与臭氧反应的机理,全参数优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过 渡态和产物的几何构型,在QCISD（T,full）/6-311+ +G~(**)水平上计算了它们的 能量,并对它们进行了振动分析,以确定中间体和过渡态的真实性,研究结果表明 ：CH_2CH(~2A~＇)自由基与臭氧反应有两条可行的反应通道,分别为：CH_2CH (~2A~＇)+O_3→TS1→M1→TS2→O_2+OCH_2CH→TS4+O_2→O_2(~3∑_g)+CH_2CHO (~2A~＂)和CH_2CH(~2A~＇)+O_3→M2→TS3→O_2(~3∑_g)+CHO(~2A~＂),后一个反 应通道较容易发生,而且反应活化能小（2.97kJ/mol）,说明CH_2CH(~2A~＇)自由 基与臭氧之间的反应活性很强。     

NO3-+Cl2→ClONO2+Cl-反应势能面和势能阱

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法和6-311+G(d)基组, 计算构建离子-分子气相反应NO3-+Cl2→ClONO2+Cl-的三维势能面. 三维反应势能面证明该反应没有过渡态和势能垒, 但是存在一个深达-55.0 kJ/mol的势能阱(以氯气分子和硝酸根离子相隔无穷远为参量). 在势能阱底部, 有个化合物(O2NOClCl)- 称为势阱化合物, 依赖于势能阱而稳定存在. 理论红外光谱预测低温红外光谱能检测该势阱化合物. 低温条件下, 该反应由热力学控制, 反应产物是势阱化合物(O2NOClCl)-. 当温度升高, 该反应由动力学控制, 势阱化合物(O2NOClCl)-不稳定, 发生分解反应, 重新生成NO3-和Cl2. 研究结果可用来解释低温时ClONO2与Cl-气相反应不能产生Cl2的原因.     

Kinetics of the CN + CS2 and CN + SO2 reactions

Diode infrared laser absorption spectroscopy was used to measure the rate constant (k(1)) of the CN + CS(2) reaction for the first time. k(1) was determined to be substantially pressure dependent with a value k(1) = (7.1 ± 0.2 to 41.9 ± 2.9) × 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over 2-40 Torr at 298 K. The potential energy surface (PES) of the reaction was calculated using an ab initio method at B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p)//CCSD(T)/6-311++G(d, p) level of theory. Both experimental and computational results suggest that collision stabilization of the adduct NCSCS may dominate the reaction. The rate constant of the CN + SO(2) reaction was measured to be very slow with an upper limit of k(2) ≤ 3.1 × 10(-14) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), in disagreement with an earlier reported measurement. The PES of this reaction reveals an entrance barrier against formation of the low energy adduct NCOSO, in agreement with the experimental result.     

H2CCF自由基与HNCO反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法, 在6-311＋＋G(d,p)基组水平上研究了H₂CCF自由基与HNCO的微观反应机理, 优化了反应过程中的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物, 为了获得更精确的能量信息, 还在QCISD(T)/6-311＋＋G(d,p)基组水平上计算了各物质的能量．振动分析结果和IRC分析结果证实了中间体和过渡态的真实性, 计算所得的成键临界点电荷密度的变化也确认了反应过程．对于H₂CCF自由基与HNCO反应, 我们找到了六条可行的反应通道, 结果分析表明通道H₂CCF＋HNCO→IM3→TS5→H₂CCFH＋NCO控制步骤活化能最低, 是该反应的主要通道, 在此反应过程中有稳定的氢键复合物IM3生成, 还表现出氢原子迁移的反应特征．     

Ab initio study on the mechanism of reaction HNCO+NH2

Ab initio UMP2 and UQCISD(T) calculations, with 6-311G** basis sets, were performed for the titled reactions. The results show that the reactions have two product channels: NH₂+ HNCO?NH₃+NCO (1) and NH₂+HNCO?N₂H₃+CO (2), where reaction (1) is a hydrogen abstraction reaction via an H-bonded complex (HBC), lowering the energy by 32.48 kJ/mol relative to reactants. The calculated QCISD(T)//MP2(full) energy barrier is 29.04 kJ/mol, which is in excellent accordance with the experimental value of 29.09 kJ/mol. In the range of reaction temperature 2300–2700 K, transition theory rate constant for reaction (1) is 1.68×10¹¹–3.29×10¹¹ mL·mol^-1·s^-1, which is close to the experimental one of 5.0×10¹¹mL·mol^-1·s^-1or less. However, reaction (2) is a stepwise reaction proceeding via two orientation modes,cis andtrans, and the energy barriers for the rate-control step at our best calculations are 92.79 kJ/mol (forcis-mode) and 147.43 kJ/mol (fortrans-mode), respectively, which is much higher than reaction (1). So reaction (1) is the main channel for the titled reaction.     

B2F2分子异构体结构的量子化学计算研究

采用abinitio方法对B₂F₂分子异构体的结构进行了计算研究,并与Al₂F₂分子进行了比较.结果表明,B₂F₂具有D_∞h对称性,³Σ_g电子态的直线型结构FBBF是B₂F₂分子的最稳定异构体,对文献的结果进行了修正.在UCCSD(T,full)/6－311+G(2df)水平下,F-B和B-B键长分别为0.12942和0.14820nm,振动频率出现在1860.00和1320.62cm^-1处.在UQCISD(T,full)/6－311+G(2df)//UMP2(full)/6－311+G(d)+ZPVE水平下,³Σ_g态的线性FBBF分子的垂直电离势为848.58kJ/mol,而由³Σ_g电子态的BF二聚为³Σ_g态的线性FBBF分子的焓变为59.86kJ/mol,此二聚化反应是放热反应,说明二聚化过程在能量上是有利的.     

Theoretical study and rate constant computation on the reaction HFCO + OH --> CFO + H2O

The potential energy surface, including the geometries and frequencies of the stationary points, of the reaction HFCO + OH is calculated using the MP2 method with 6-31+G(d,p) basis set, which shows that the direct hydrogen abstraction route is the most dominating channel with respect to addition and substitution channels. For the hydrogen abstraction reaction, the single-point energies are refined at the QCISD(T) method with 6-311++G(2df,2pd) basis set. The calculated standard reaction enthalpy and barrier height are -17.1 and 4.9 kcal mol(-1), respectively, at the QCISD(T)/6-311++G(2df,2pd)//MP2/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. The reaction rate constants within 250-2500 K are calculated by the improved canonical variational transition state theory (ICVT) with small-curvature tunneling (SCT) correction at the QCISD(T)/6-311++G(2df,2pd)//MP2/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. The fitted three-parameter formula is k = 2.875 x 10(-13) (T/1000)1.85 exp(-325.0/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The results indicate that the calculated ICVT/SCT rate constant is in agreement with the experimental data, and the tunneling effect in the lower temperature range plays an important role in computing the reaction rate constants.     

C2H3与CH3F氢抽提反应机理与动力学性质

采用双水平直接动力学方法对C₂H₃与CH₃F氢抽提反应进行了研究. 在QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d, p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)水平上, 计算的三个反应通道R1、R2和R3的能垒(ΔE^≠)分别为43.2、43.9和44.1 kJ·mol^-1, 反应热为-38.2 kJ·mol^-1. 此外, 利用传统过渡态理论(TST)、正则变分过渡态理论(CVT)和包含小曲率隧道效应(SCT)的CVT, 分别计算了200-3000 K温度范围内反应的速率常数k^TST、k^CVT和k^CVT/SCT. 结果表明: (1) 三个氢抽提反应通道的速率常数随温度的增加而增大, 其中变分效应的影响可以忽略, 隧道效应则在低温段影响显著; (2) R1反应是主反应通道, 但随着温度的升高, R2反应的竞争力增大, 而R3反应对总速率常数的影响很小.     

氢转移反应HNCO+CH_x(x=1～3)的MP2和QCISD计算研究

在UMP2（FULL）/6-311（d,p）计算水平上,计算并讨论了碳氢自由基(CH_x) 和异氰酸（HNCO）发生氢转移反应位能面上驻点的结构和分子结构变化,并依据 UMP2的优化构型,进一步采用UQCISD（T）方法对反应途径上的驻点进行了单点能 量计算。研究指出,HNCO同CH_2,CH_3自由基反应时,氢转长期过程在分子间以新 的C-H键生成和旧的N-H键的断裂的协同方式进行,反应途径上均存在弱的氢键超分 子复合物;而HNCO和CH分子之间发生的氢转移反应机理是在反应剖面的反应物一边 生成一个较稳定的分子复合物HNJ（CH）CO,而后,在生成物一边又生成一个既有 热力学又有动力学稳定的复合物H_2CNCO。     

单分子水对CH_2SH+NO_2反应机理影响的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,p)水平下对单分子水参与下的CH_2SH+NO_2反应的微观机理进行了研究.为了获得更准确的能量信息,采用HL复合方法和CCSD(T)/aug-ccpvtz方法进行单点能校正.结果表明,加入单分子水后的CH_2SH+NO_2反应体系,共经过10条不同的反应路径,得到6种反应产物.与裸反应(CH_2SH+NO_2)相比,水分子在反应中起到了明显的正催化作用.不仅使生成产物trans-HONO的能垒(-52.84kJ·mol~(-1))降低了176.94kJ·mol~(-1),而且不需经过复杂的重排和异构化过程便可得到产物cis-HONO.在生成产物cis-HONO通道(Path3和Path4)中,活化能垒分别为143.65和126.70kJ·mol~(-1),而其裸反应的活化能垒却高达238.34kJ·mol~(-1).生成HNO_2的通道中(Path5和Path6)活化能垒分别为295.23和-42.19kJ·mol~(-1).其中Path6的无势垒过程使HNO_2也成为该反应的主要产物.另外,单分子水还可通过氢迁移的方式直接参与CH_2SH+NO_2的反应,活化能垒(TS7-TS10)分别为-10.62,151.03,186.22和155.10kJ·mol~(-1).除直接抽氢通道中的(Path8-Path10)外,其余反应通道均为放热反应,在热力学上是可行的.     

Theoretical study of the mechanism of CH2CO + CN reaction

The potential energy surface information of the CH₂CO + CN reaction is obtained at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) level. To gain further mechanistic knowledge, higher‐level single‐point calculations for the stationary points are performed at the QCISD(T)/6‐311++G(d,p) level. The CH₂CO + CN reaction proceeds through four possible mechanisms: direct hydrogen abstraction, olefinic carbon addition–elimination, carbonyl carbon addition–elimination, and side oxygen addition–elimination. Our calculations demonstrate that R→IM1→TS3→P3: CH₂CN + CO is the energetically favorable channel; however, channel R→IM2→TS4→P4: CH₂NC + CO is considerably competitive, especially as the temperature increases (R, IM, TS, and P represent reactant, intermediate, transition state, and product, respectively). The present study may be helpful in probing the mechanism of the CH₂CO + CN reaction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006