鲁米诺化学发光分析法研究进展

从化学发光反应机理和应用进展两个方面对鲁米诺-过氧化氢、鲁米诺-铁氰化钾、鲁米诺-碘化物、鲁米诺-高锰酸钾和鲁米诺-溶解氧等化学发光体系进行了综述;指出鲁米诺化学发光体系是应用最为广泛的一类化学发光体系,同时对鲁米诺化学发光分析法的发展方向进行了展望.     

溴酸钾-鲁米诺后化学发光法检测水中微量偏二甲肼

实验发现偏二甲肼(UDMH)在溴酸钾-鲁米诺化学发光反应体系中的后化学发光反应.在对这一后化学发光反应的动力学性质、发光条件,包括溴酸钾浓度、鲁米诺浓度、管长、流速和酸碱度条件等研究的基础上,建立了后化学发光反应法测定偏二甲肼的新方法,并讨论了其可能的反应机理.该方法的线性范围为1.0×10-7～1.0×10-5g/L...     

高碘酸钾-鲁米诺体系中一些后化学发光反应的研究

研究了葡醛内酯、盐酸美司坦和重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素等10种物质在高碘酸钾-鲁米诺体系中的后化学发光现象、后化学发光反应的动力学、化学发光光谱、荧光光谱以及其它相关性质, 提出了其可能的发光机理; 在优化的分析条件下建立了这10种物质的后化学发光分析方法, 初步构建了高碘酸钾-鲁米诺后化学发光分析体系.     

离子液体包裹纳米金修饰金电极用于鲁米诺电致化学发光的研究

室温离子液体是由有机阳离子和无机阴离子或有机阴离子组成的室温熔融盐,由于其优异的化学催化、生物催化和化学反应性能而在化学和工业方面受到广泛的关注和运用.离子液体也应用于合成纳米金属材料特别是纳米金~([1～3]),纳米金作为一种化学和生物催化性能良好的纳米金属材料也应用于鲁米诺的液相电致化学发光研究~([4]).本研究将巯基功能化离子液体应用于纳米金的合成,并将不同粒径的离子液体包裹的纳米金修饰金电极然后用于鲁米诺电极化学发光的研究.     

流动注射化学发光法测定头孢他啶

在碱性条件下,头孢他啶对金纳米粒子催化高锰酸钾氧化鲁米诺化学发光体系的发光强度具有明显的增敏作用,基于此建立了一种测定头孢他啶的化学发光方法.在优化实验条件下,用该法测定头孢他啶的线性范围为3.0×10-5～5.0×10-2 g/L,检出限为1.0×10-5 g/L,相对标准偏差为2.0%(ρ=4.0×10-3 g/L...     

纳米粒子参与的鲁米诺化学发光及其分析应用

化学发光的基础理论和分析应用已经有多年的研究历史,但化学发光的研究多局限于分子和离子水平。纳米粒子由于其量子尺寸效应、表面能高以及比表面积大,因而常作为氧化还原反应的催化剂来放大反应信号。近年来,纳米粒子直接或者间接参与的化学发光拓展了化学发光的理论和应用研究范畴,己发现纳米粒子能够作为催化剂、还原剂、微尺度反应平台和能量接受体等参与化学发光反应。本文详细介绍了纳米粒子参与的鲁米诺化学发光体系,并重点评述了部分纳米粒子参与的鲁米诺化学发光与高效液相色谱、毛细管电泳等分离技术联用实例。纳米粒子作为一种新型化学发光响应单元,可提高鲁米诺化学发光反应的效率,对开发新的鲁米诺化学发光反应体系具有重要意义,已有关于金、铂、银、合金、半导体、磁性等纳米粒子参与的鲁米诺化学发光报道。除应用于环境、药品及食品等分析领域外,其在免疫分析方面也表现出巨大的应用潜力。最后,提出了纳米粒子参与鲁米诺化学发光体系研究目前存在的问题,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

纳米银增敏化学发光体系测定间苯二酚

采用柠檬酸钠包覆化学还原法制备纳米银粒子,将该纳米银粒子加入到碱性鲁米诺-铁氰化钾化学发光体系,体系的化学发光强度明显增强,而间苯二酚的加入能抑制该体系的化学发光,据此建立了流动注射化学发光法定量分析痕量间苯二酚的新方法.考察了鲁米诺、铁氰化钾、氢氧化钠以及纳米银浓度对化学发光体系的影响.在优化的实验条件下,该方法测定...     

Ag(Ⅲ)-鲁米诺流动注射化学发光法用于茶饮料抗氧化活性的评价

以茶叶中常见的8种茶多酚化合物为研究对象,研究了三价银配合物[Ag(Ⅲ)]-鲁米诺流动注射化学发光法与2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(DPPH)自由基清除法、邻苯三酚-碳酸盐-鲁米诺化学发光法和鲁米诺-过氧化氢化学发光法检测结果的相关性,并采用Ag(Ⅲ)-鲁米诺流动注射化学发光法评价了4种茶饮料的抗氧化活性。设置的仪器工作参数如下:载流为纯水,蠕动泵转速为25r·min~(-1),光电倍增管负高压为600V。结果发现:Ag(Ⅲ)-鲁米诺流动注射化学发光法所得化学发光强度差值与DPPH自由基清除法所得的IC_(50)(自由基清除率为50%时对应的抗氧化剂浓度)相关性较好,相关系数为0.949 0。方法用于市售4种茶饮料抗氧化性能评价,所得结果与DPPH自由基清除法一致,相关系数为0.966 5。     

流动注射化学发光法检测甲基嘧啶磷残留

研究发现,在碱性介质中甲基嘧啶磷能够有效增强鲁米诺-H2O2体系的化学发光。据此,结合流动注射分析法,建立了测定甲基嘧啶磷的流动注射化学发光分析方法,并对可能的反应机理进行了探讨。考察了甲基嘧啶磷-鲁米诺-H2O2体系的化学发光反应动力学以及反应体系pH、鲁米诺浓度、H2O2浓度、流速、进样体积等因素对化学发光的影响。结果表明:在最佳条件下,甲基嘧啶磷在5.0×10-8～1.0×10-5g/mL的浓度范围内与发光强度呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为2.5×10-8g/mL。将该体系应用于加标小麦样品测定,回收率为94.7%～113.0%,相对标准偏差为2.2%～3.6%。     

奇妙的化学发光:鲁米诺检测血迹*

鲁米诺是一种重要的化学发光试剂。在法庭科学领域,技术人员用鲁米诺试剂检测案发现场是否存在血迹,该场景也经常出现在一些涉及犯罪现场勘查的影视作品中。通过介绍化学发光的发现历程,鲁米诺化学发光的机理,以及鲁米诺在血迹检测中的应用,将有关化学发光的理论和应用等内容引入化学教育教学领域,能够有效开阔学生的科学视野。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.