基于质谱裂解机理的深加工羊肉制品中兽药残留非定向筛查技术研究

建立了一种基于质谱断裂机理的非定向筛查7类34种兽药残留的超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS)。采用数据非依赖采集模式进行质谱测定,基于标准化合物的保留时间、精确质量数、二级碎片离子信息进行定性筛选,通过解析分子离子的质谱碎裂过程与裂解机理,获得不同类别兽药的特征碎裂片段。结合特征离子,通过同位素离子峰信息与二级碎裂片段丰度比进行确证,构建非定向筛查方法。结果表明,34种兽药在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.99,检出限和定量下限分别为0.04～4.76μg/kg和0.07～8.24μg/kg,回收率为79.4%～110%,相对标准偏差为0.30%～7.5%。将所建方法应用于市售深加工羊肉制品中兽药残留的非定向筛查,检出样品含有磺胺二甲嘧啶以及标准数据库外的双氟沙星。该方法快速、准确、分析通量高,对于复杂基质中未知兽药残留鉴定具有重要意义。     

应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法建立谷物中18种真菌毒素非靶向筛查数据库及确证方法

建立了基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)的18种真菌毒素非靶向筛查方法。真菌毒素标准物质用HSS T3色谱柱进行色谱分离后在UPLC-Q-TOF/MS MS^E模式下分别用正、负离子模式采集,获取MS和MS/MS的信息,记录对应保留时间、加合物离子、碎片离子精确质量数等信息,设置保留时间偏移为0.3 min,加合物离子和碎片离子的精确质量匹配容差为5×10^-6,在UNIFI中建立18种真菌毒素的数据库。在稻谷、小麦基质中,以筛查检出限(SDL)作为主要参数对筛查方法进行了验证。18种真菌毒素分为有最大限量和无最大限量两种类型,结果有最大限量的真菌毒素均能在其限量水平被准确筛查,无最大限量的真菌毒素其SDL的范围为2～800μg/kg。基质效应考察表明,稻谷中有14种真菌毒素有中等基质效应,小麦中有11种真菌毒素有中等基质效应。样品经乙腈提取后用QuEChERS萃取盐包和HLB净化柱净化,用建立的方法对25批稻谷、小麦进行筛查,结果2批稻谷中检出4种真菌毒素,2批小麦中检出2种真菌毒素。该方法能准确筛查SDL水...     

同位素内标-高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定乳及乳制品中13种β-受体激动剂类药物残留

建立了乳及乳制品中13种β-受体激动剂类药物多残留的同位素内标-高效液相色谱串联质谱分析方法。样品经三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白,提取液经SupelcleanLC-SCX固相萃取柱净化后,用HPLC-MS/MS进行测定。采用AgilentEclipse Plus C18色谱柱(2.1×150 mm,3.5μm),0.1%甲酸水-乙腈流动相进行梯度洗脱,用电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式进行MS/MS检测。其中克伦特罗在0.05～5.0μg/kg线性范围内,其余12种分析物在0.25～10μg/kg线性范围内具有较好的线性关系,相关系数r>0.9988。方法检出限(LOD)为0.02～0.17μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为0.05～0.48μg/kg。空白样品添加回收率为83.2%～102.6%,相对标准偏差为5.0%～13%。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法用于食物中毒的快速筛查与确证

建立了一种利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱筛查食物中毒的方法。试样用乙腈提取,QuEChERS净化,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离。采用四极杆飞行时间质谱信息依赖性扫描(information dependent acquisition,IDA)模式进行分析。该模式可以实现一次进样分析同时获得分析物的一级和二级碎片的精确质量质谱图,结合SCIEX OS软件可对581种目标物质进行快速筛查,其中包括546种农药、24种真菌毒素、11种鼠药,以一级离子精确质量数、一级离子同位素丰度比以及二级碎片进行标准质谱库匹配。应用建立的快速筛选确认检测方法对一起突发性食物中毒安全事件样本进行检测,共检测11份样本,其中9份均检测出呋喃丹。进一步以呋喃丹标准品确认保留时间,结果表明,样品与标准品保留时间一致。呋喃丹的精确质量数偏差均小于3.7×10-6,在0.5~500 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.998,仪器检出限(S/N=3)为0.3μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为1μg/kg,在10、50、200μg/kg 3个添加水平的回收率为75.6%~95.9%,相对标准偏差为3.6%~6.9%(n=6)。该方法快速、简便、准确、灵敏,适用于突发性公共安全事件的快速筛查与检测要求。     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法测定乳及乳制品中左旋肉碱

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联四极杆质谱测定乳及乳制品中左旋肉碱的分析方法。样品经2%(v/v)乙酸水溶液提取、乙腈沉淀蛋白质净化,以乙酸铵和乙腈为流动相,经Acquity UPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱分离后采用电喷雾质谱多反应监测(MRM)方式扫描,外标法定量。结果表明,左旋肉碱的质量浓度在1~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r²> 0.99),定量限为0.01 mg/kg。标准加入法测定左旋肉碱在高、中、低3个加标水平的回收率为96.0%~103.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~4.3%。该方法前处理简单、快速,检测结果准确、灵敏,可为各类乳及乳制品中左旋肉碱的含量水平测定、研究和控制提供技术支持。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定调制乳制品中5种人工合成甜味剂

建立了调制乳制品中安赛蜜、甜蜜素、糖精钠、阿斯巴甜和纽甜等5种人工合成甜味剂的液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。对蛋白沉淀剂、色谱柱、流动相组成、超声时间以及质谱参数进行了优化。结果表明,样品经过0.2%乙酸水沉淀蛋白,MGⅢ-C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.0 mm,5μm)分离,甲醇和10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.3 m L/min,采用液相色谱-串联质谱仪对目标化合物进行测定,基质外标法定量。在10~1020μg/kg范围内,线性相关系数(R2)0.999,3个不同浓度添加水平下平均加标回收率90.0%~109.7%,精密度(RSD)为0.8%~7.6%(n=6)。调制乳制品中安赛蜜、甜蜜素、糖精钠、阿斯巴甜和纽甜的检出限分别为3.0,30,10,5和1.0μg/kg,定量限为10,100,40,20和3.3μg/kg。采用所建立的方法对市面上销售的8种调制乳中5种人工合成甜味剂进行筛查,达到预期效果。方法适用于调制乳制品中人工合成甜味剂的快速分析。     

基于特征碎裂片段的葛根保健品中功效成分非定向筛查方法构建

通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS),采用数据依赖采集模式对葛根保健品中15种功效成分的标准品进行分析,建立相应的标准谱库;对功效成分的断裂机理进行研究,得到其特征碎裂片段,并以数据非依赖型采集模式快速筛查葛根保健品中已知和未知的功效成分。15种功效成分在相应质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.99;不同加标水平下的回收率为83%～110%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%～8.6%。将该方法应用于实际样品分析,共筛查到16种功效成分,其中4种为所建标准谱库外的功效成分,表明所建方法可用于葛根保健品中功效成分的筛查。     

亲水作用色谱-串联四极杆质谱测定液态奶中舒巴坦

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联四极杆质谱测定液态奶中微量舒巴坦的分析方法。样品经0.2%乙酸水溶液提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化、富集,以甲酸铵-乙腈为流动相,经Acquity UPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱分离后采用电喷雾质谱多反应监测方式(MRM)扫描,外标法定量。结果表明,舒巴坦的质量浓度在1～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,r2大于0.99,定量下限为1.0μg/kg。加标水平在1.0～50.0μg/kg范围时,回收率为82%～102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%～4.7%。该方法前处理简便快捷、灵敏度高、回收率和重现性良好,适用于液态奶中舒巴坦的测定。     

QuEChERS前处理结合HPLC-Q-TOF/MS非靶向快速筛查凉茶中的非法添加物

建立了QuEChERS法净化,结合高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法(HPLC-Q-TOF/MS)非靶向快速筛查凉茶中未知非法添加物的方法。凉茶中的非法添加物经0.5%乙酸-乙腈提取,氨丙基粉净化,C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,HPLC-Q-TOF/MS测定。利用8种质控化合物建立的筛查方法检出限为2.0～10μg/kg,定量下限为5.0～25μg/kg。3个不同加标水平的平均回收率为75.8%～95.6%,RSD(n=6)为2.1%～6.5%。在该定量方法基础上利用目标化合物特征离子的精确质量数、同位素匹配、二级碎片信息进行数据库匹配,无标准品情况下非靶向筛查非法添加物。结果表明,该方法无需标准品即可快速筛查凉茶中的非法添加西药,能应用于凉茶样品的实际筛查。应用该方法对50份散装凉茶样品进行测定,其中10份凉茶样品检出对乙酰氨基酚,含量为4.14～2 188 mg/kg。该方法快速、准确、分析通量高,可为凉茶中非法添加物的快速筛查和质量控制提供重要依据。     

基于QuEChERS提取的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定干腌火腿中15种真菌毒素

建立了干腌火腿中15种真菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素G2、赭曲霉毒素A、橘青霉素、T-2毒素、HT-2毒素、蛇形菌素、新茄镰孢菌醇、疣孢青霉原、O-甲基杂色曲霉素、杂色曲霉素、环匹阿尼酸、青霉酸)多残留的液相色谱-线性离子阱质谱(QTrap LC-MS/MS)检测方法。火腿样品经含1%甲酸的乙腈水溶液提取,Qu ECh ERS方法净化后,以含0.1%甲酸和9.9%乙腈的5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(A)与含0.1%甲酸的乙腈(B)为流动相,经Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×100mm,1.8μm)分离,以多级反应监测(MRM),通过信息相关扫描方式(IDA)触发增强子离子扫描(EPI),结合建立的15种真菌毒素的标准谱图库检索的多模式进行分析。结果表明,15种真菌毒素在0.05~200μg/L范围呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.993,定量下限为0.05~2.5μg/kg。样品在1倍、2倍、10倍定量下限3个加标水平下的平均回收率为79.1%~95.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.2%~12.8%。该方法灵敏、简便、准确,可用于干腌肉类中真菌毒素的检测分析。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).