中间体C60(CH3)-和产物C60(CH3)2的结构及产物

用INDO系列方法对C₆₀^2-与CH₃反应的中间体C₆₀(CH₃)^-进行理论研究,得到具有Cs对称性的构型。结果表明,CH₃加成到C₁₅上,将使与其相邻的双键碳(C₃₀)的电荷密度和自旋密度达极大值,故加成反应部位在C₃₀处;另外,C₁₅的对位C₁₂(或C₂₇)也较其它部位易于反应,且有两个反应场所,因而产物C₆₀(CH₃)₂可能为六元环上的1,2-加成和1,4-加成两种异构体的混合物。同时对两种加成产物的结构和电子光谱进行了理论研究,指认其电子跃迁,并讨论了其光谱红移的原因。     

C70O2可能异构体的结构和电子光谱的理论研究

用AM1、PM3及INDO系列方法研究了C₇₀O₂可能异构体的结构和稳定性.在C₇₀O稳定构型的基础上,考察了C₇₀O₂的45种异构体.结果表明,两个O原子加在碳球极端处同一个六元环内不等价的6/6键上形成环氧结构的构型最稳定.在优化构型的基础上,进行电子光谱计算,并与C₇₀和C₇₀O进行了比较.     

C40H2各种可能异构体稳定性的理论研究

采用AM1和PM3两种半经验方法,对D_5d对称性的C₄₀及C₄₀H₂所有可能异构体的几何构型进行了非限制对称性全优化,得到51种稳定异构体,在此基础上研究了氢的加成反应规律及本体C₄₀和最稳定及最不稳定C₄₀H₂异构体的红外光谱,讨论了影响C₄₀(D_5d)氢加成异构体稳定性及加成位置选择性的三种主要因素:(1)C₄₀本体几何结构;(2)共轭效应;(3)电荷分布影响.     

有机胺盐/硼烷体系与炔烃的硼氢化加成反应机理研究

炔烃的立体选择性硼氢化加成反应是有机合成中重要的反应之一.在硅烷的存在下,有机胺盐酸盐/硼烷体系可与炔烃在温和的反应条件下发生计量的加成反应.该反应不仅可高立体选择性地得到Z-式构型的1,2-硼氢化胺盐加成产物,而且反应产率高,产物易于分离提纯.对有机胺盐酸盐/硼烷体系与炔烃的加成反应机理进行的研究表明,胺盐与B（C₆F₅）₃及硅烷反应所生成的硼氢化胺盐"[R₂NH₂]⁺[H-B（C₆F₅）₃]^-",虽然被认为是受限路易斯酸碱对化学的活性中间体,但其本身并不能直接还原炔烃;炔烃必须首先被催化量的路易斯酸B（C₆F₅）₃活化后才可与[H-B（C₆F₅）₃]-加成.同时,胺盐氯阴离子Cl-与路易斯酸B（C₆F₅）₃之间的弱的相互作用直接决定着产物的立体选择性,[H-B（C₆F₅）₃]^-以反式加成的方式进攻活化后的炔烃最终得到Z-式构型的硼氢化加成产物.     

大环炔基噻吩衍生物的结构和UV-Vis光谱的理论研究

用DFT 和TDDFT方法对大环炔基噻吩衍生物的结构和UV-Vis光谱进行了理论研究. 对分子不同的对称性结构(C₁, C₅, C_5v)进行了优化, 得到了稳定的几何构型.以优化构型为基础计算了分子的UV-Vis光谱, 结果表明, C₅,C_5v对称性下丁基取代的分子构型(C[3T_DA]₅-Bu)都是较稳定的; 当分子构型具有C₅对称性时, 得到的光谱数据与实验值符合的较好. 对于大环噻吩C[3T_DA]₅衍生物, 性质相同取代基的体积大小及分子对称性都将影响结构的稳定性.     

乙硼烷离子和自由基结构的量子化学研究

用B₃LYP/6-311G(d,p)密度泛函方法对B₂H₅⁺阳离子和B₂H₅^·自由基的几何异构体的空间构型进行了优化,并在此基础上用QCISD(T)/6-311++G(3df,2p)偶合簇法进行了单点能计算和零点能校正.结果表明,B₂H₅⁺单态有2种稳定的几何构型(D_3h,C₁),其中C₁构型是新发现的.B₂H₅⁺三重态阳离子除已知C_s构型外,又发现两种稳定构型(C₁).对于B₂H₅^·自由基体系,共有4种异构体(包括两种新发现的构型C_s),其中,具有单桥结构的C_2v最稳定.用二级多体微扰理论和密度泛函方法对前人所认为稳定的B₂H₅⁺单态的C_2v构型进行了全优化,结果发现该构型始终具有一个虚频,不是稳定构型.对B₂H₅^-阴离子体系的单态和三重态进行的全优化,理论上得出单态时具有C_2v和C_s两种稳定构型,而三重态只有C_2v一种稳定构型.     

扶手椅形单壁碳纳米管环氧异构体的理论研究

用半经验AM1方法对不同直径的单壁碳纳米管(3,3)/C₄₂H₁₂,(4,4)/C₅₆H₁₆,(5,5)/C₇₀H₂₀和(6,6)/C₈₄H₂₄本体及其环氧衍生物进行了理论研究.结果表明,对于直径较大的(5,5)C₇₀H₂₀和(6,6)/C₈₄H₂₄单壁碳纳米管,可以得到4种不同的环氧化异构体.而直径较小的单壁碳纳米管(3,3)/C₄₂H₁₂和(4,4)/C₅₆H₁₆,只能得到3种异构体.讨论了这些异构体的生成热(H_f)、离子势、电子亲和能、最低非占据轨道和最高占据轨道的能级差E_g等参数及其与单壁碳纳米管直径的关系,并排列了这些异构体的稳定性次序.同时,用POAV程序分析了单壁碳纳米管中sp²碳原子轨道的再次杂化和张力的大小.     

C60加成反应的理论研究

用AM1方法研究了C₆₀与醌并二烯加成反应的机理,并对反应的过渡态及加成产物的构型进行了优化.研究发现,醌并二烯与C₆₀的加成是协同进行的,反应的活化能较低;而氧取代的醌并二烯与C₆₀的加成是协同进行但不同步,反应的活化能较高.前线轨道理论的研究表明反应是由亲二烯体C₆₀的LUMO控制的.     

C120O2的分子结构和光谱性质的理论研究

用INDO系列方法研究双笼氧化物C₁₂₀O₂分子可能异构体的结构,两个氧以桥键形式分别加成到两个碳笼上,在两个碳笼中间形成呋喃型五元环结构,有6/6连接和6/5连接两种C₂v构型.计算表明,C₁₂₀O₂两种构型中6/6连接的C₂v构型更稳定,其光谱与实验值相符.双笼氧化物C₁₂₀O₂的形成既缓解了C₆₀O环氧处的角张力,又比C₁₂₀O分子获得了更强的笼间相互作用,两个C₆₀靠两个呋喃型五元环连接在一起.两个碳笼的多位置直接键连使两碳笼距离较近,有较强的相互作用,但仍各自表现出一定的独立性.C₁₂₀O₂可发生分解生成新的化合物.     

C2H5C60H的加成产物的结构和光谱性质的量子化学研究

用INDO系列方法对C₂H₅C₆₀H的1,2-加成和1,4-加成两种产物异构体的结构进行了理论研究,结果表明1,2-C₂H₅C₆₀H具有Cs对称性,1,4-C₂H₅C₆₀H没有任何对称性,1,2-C₂H₅C₆₀H的总能量比1,4-C₂H₅C₆₀H的低。以此优化构型为基础,计算了两种产物异构体的电子吸收光谱,讨论了其光谱红移的原因,同时对产物的NMR谱进行了探讨。     

Infrared, Raman, and DFT vibrational spectroscopic studies of C60F36 and C60F48

IR and Raman spectra of two fluorofullerenes, C60F48 and C60F36, are thoroughly studied. Assignment of the experimental spectra is provided on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) computations. Perfect correspondence between experimental and computed spectra enabled us to confirm that the major isomer of C60F48 has D3 symmetry. It was found that as-synthesized samples of C60F36 consist mainly of C3 and C1 isomers in ca. 2:1 ratio and 2-3% of T-symmetric structures. Extensive AM1 and DFT computations have shown that all three structures are the most stable isomers of C60F36. Previous structural assignment of the C3 isomer (Gakh, A. A.; Tuinman, A. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7137-7139) was confirmed by the vibrational data.     

C60哌嗪加成物的结构及光谱研究

用ＩＮＤＯ系列方法研究了Ｃ６０的哌嗪衍生物Ｃ６０Ｎ２（Ｃ２Ｈ４）２的结构。结果表明［６，６］，异构体具有Ｃ２ｖ对称性［６，５］，异构体具有Ｃｓ对称性，前者能量较低。以优化构型为基础，计算两种加成产物的ＵＶ谱，结果表明，［６，６］异构体的特征吸收与实验值相符，同时对［６，５］异构体的ＵＶ谱进行理论预测，对电子跃迁进行了理论指认，并分析了光谱红移的原因。     

Photochemical and photophysical properties of three carbon-bridged fullerene dimers: C121 (I, II, III)

The photochemical and photophysical properties of the three C121 isomers (I, II, III) were investigated with MADLI-TOF-MS, UV-vis spectra, fluorescence spectra, absorption spectra of their DMA complexes, and theoretical calculations. The three isomers of C121 (I, II, III) have different stabilities under laser irradiation, but isomer I and isomer II show good stability against the heat-induced conversion between different isomers: No conversion between the isomers was found after heating the mixture of isomer I and isomer II at 353 K for 12 h in Ar atmosphere. The results of UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra indicate that interactions between two C60 moieties of C60=C=C60 in the ground and singlet states are not significant, C121 (I, II, III) behaves as an electron-acceptor similar to C60. These indicate that the formation of the fullerene chain structure (e.g., C60=C=C60) does not disturb the photochemical and photophysical properties of the C60 monomer itself, even that the properties were enhanced by the formation of the polymer. This is significant for the C60 polymer in photochemical or photoelectronic applications in which C60=C=C60 can be an excellent basic unit of polymers.     

Theoretical study of cycloaddition reactions of heavy carbenes with C60

The potential energy surfaces for the cycloaddition reaction Me2X:+C60-->Me2X(C60) (X=C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) have been studied at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory. It has been found that there are two competing pathways in these reactions, which can be classified as a [6,5]-attack (path 1) and a [6,6]-attack (path 2). It was found that, given the same reaction conditions, the cycloaddition reaction of C60 via a [6,6]-attack is more favorable than that via a [6,5]-attack, both kinetically and thermodynamically. A qualitative model that is based on the theory of Pross and Shaik has been used to develop an explanation for the reaction barrier heights. As a result, our theoretical investigations suggest that the singlet-triplet splitting DeltaEst(=Etriplet-Esinglet) of the 6 valence electron Me2X: and C60 species can be used as a guide to predict their reactivity toward cycloaddition reactions. Our model results demonstrate that the reactivity of heavy carbene cycloaddition to C60 decreases in the order Me2C:>Me2Si:>Me2Ge>Me2Sn:>Me2Pb:. As a consequence, we show that electronic effects play a decisive role in determining the energy barriers as well as the reaction enthalpy.     

C60的一些氨基酸衍生物结构、光谱的理论研究

用INDO/2系列方法研究了C60与氨基酸加成产物的结构和UV谱, 表明两种加成产物异构体---[6, 6]闭环和[6, 5]闭环异构体, 均具有Cs对称性, 且[6, 6]闭环异构体具有更低的生成热,因而更稳定, 以优化构型为基础, 计算了化合物的UV谱, 与实验值一致, 同时对电子跃迁进行理论指认, 讨论了产物UV谱带红移的原因。     

Cycloaddition reactions of 16-electron d4 metallocene complexes with C60: a theoretical study

The potential-energy surfaces of the cycloaddition reaction Cp(2)M+C60-->Cp(2)M(C60) (Cp=eta5-C(5)H(5); M=Cr, Mo, and W) were studied at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory. Two competing reaction pathways were found, which can be classified as [6,5] attack (path A) and [6,6] attack (path B). Given the same reaction conditions, the [6,6]-attack pathway for cycloaddition to C60 is more favorable than the [6,5]-attack pathway, both kinetically and thermodynamically. A qualitative model, based on the theory of Pross and Shaik, was used to develop an explanation for the reaction barrier heights. Thus, our theoretical findings suggest that the singlet-triplet splitting DeltaE(st) (=E(triplet)-E(singlet)) of the 16-electron d4 Cp(2)M and C60 species are a guide to predicting their reactivity towards cycloaddition. Our model results demonstrate that the propensity for cycloaddition to C60 increases in the order Cp(2)Cr相似文献   

Thermodynamic rearrangement synthesis and NMR structures of C1, C3, and T isomers of C60H36

The structures of three C60H36 isomers, produced by high-temperature transfer hydrogenation of C(60) in a 9,10-dihydroanthracene melt, was accomplished by 2D (1)H-detected NMR experiments, recorded at 800 MHz. The unsymmetrical C(1) isomer is found to be the most abundant one (60-70%), followed by the C(3) isomer (25-30%) and the least abundant T isomer (2-5%). All three isomers are closely related in structure and have three vicinal hydrogens located on each of the 12 pentagons. Facile hydrogen migration on the fullerene surface during annealing at elevated temperatures is believed to be responsible for the preferential formation of these thermodynamically most stable C60H36 isomers. This hypothesis was further supported by thermal conversion of C60H36 isomers to a single C(3v) isomer of C60H18.     

Photoelectron spectroscopy and electronic structures of fullerene oxides: C60Ox- (x = 1-3)

We report a photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) study on a series of fullerene oxides, C60Ox- (x = 1-3). The PES spectra reveal one isomer for C60O-, two isomers for C60O2, and multiple isomers for C60O3-. Compared to C60, the electronic structures of C60Ox are only slightly perturbed, resulting in similar anion photoelectron spectra. The electron affinity of C60Ox was observed to increase only marginally with the number of oxygen atoms, x, from 2.683 eV for C60, to 2.745 eV for C60O, and 2.785 eV/2.820 eV for C60O2 (two isomers). We also carried out theoretical calculations, which confirmed the observed isomers and showed that all the fullerene oxides are in the form of epoxide. The PES and theoretical calculations, as well as molecular orbital analysis, indicate that addition of oxygen atoms to the C60 cage only modifies the local carbon network and leave the rest of the fullerene cage largely intact geometrically and electronically.     

C60NH5/6, 6/6异构体的理论研究

用半经验的AM1, PM3及ab initio方法对C60NH两种异构体的结构及光谱进行了理论计算。结果表明, 具有开环结构的C60NH的5/6异构体稳定性要高于具有闭环结构的6/6异构体。计算了两种异构体开环与闭环过程的反应坐标, 发现6/6开环异构体是势能面上的一局部最小点, 而5/6闭环异构体不存在6/6异构体的H可以在两种镜面异构体之间快速翻转, 使其核磁共振谱呈现C2v对称性。通过振动分析确认了所优化的构型确实为势能面的能量最低点, 并得到了C60NH各异构体的红外光谱。     

Electron-acceptor-induced isomerization of aryl [6,5] open fulleroids to [6,6] closed methanofullerenes and the electrochemical evaluation of their free energy difference

The thermal and photochemical rearrangements of a series of aryl substituted [6,5] open fulleroids to [6,6] closed methanofullerenes are accelerated in the presence in of electron acceptors. These [6,5] open fulleroids, facilitated by electron acceptors, rearrange thermally by a zwitteronic-type intermediate, while the photochemical reactions proceed via an excited-state electron-transfer process. The oxidation potentials of these [6,5] open fulleroids and their corresponding [6,6] closed methanofullerenes isomers have been evaluated. The free energy difference between the [6,5] open fulleroids and their corresponding [6,6] closed isomers have been estimated from the difference in their oxidation potentials.