固态萃取搅拌棒技术/气相色谱联用分析废水中的痕量爆炸物

制备了以聚醚砜酮(PPESK)为萃取相的新型固态萃取搅拌棒, 建立了一种固态萃取搅拌棒/热解吸器直接热解吸/气相色谱联用分析水样品中痕量爆炸物的新方法. 将萃取搅拌棒放入水样品中完成萃取后, 再直接放入热解吸器中于250 ℃热解吸, 将萃取到搅拌棒上的分析物一次性全部导入气相色谱柱中. 对于硝基苯类爆炸物, PPESK固态萃取搅拌棒的萃取容量比萃取纤维针提高1个数量级以上; 其萃取效率比PDMS固态萃取搅拌棒高2个数量级. 对所测定的7种爆炸物的最低检出限为0.008~0.022 μg/L, 方法的重复性误差(RSD)为6.9%~16%, 在线性浓度范围0.06~10.0 μg/L(除TNT)内, 线性相关系数r为0.9962~0.9998. 在优化的条件下对硝基苯类炸药生产过程中产生的废水进行了分析, 结果表明, 方法的回收率分别为88%~100%(低浓度样品)和61%~88%(高浓度样品), 该方法的重复性误差(RSD)小于11%.     

一次热解吸直接进样浓缩方法的研究--室内大气中挥发性有机化合物的分析

研制了新型的一次热解吸直接进样热解析仪．考察了新型热解吸仪热解吸定量的重复性、准确性、热解析率、线性等性能．通过实际采样分析证明,该方法提高了浓缩倍数,操作简单,易于掌握,定量重复性好、准确度高,分析结果可靠．适合大批量样品的分析测试．     

固相萃取/在线热解吸-气相色谱法分析水样中苯系物

制备了Fe/Si O2/PDMS颗粒填充固相萃取柱,并建立了固相萃取/在线热解吸-气相色谱联用测定水样中痕量苯系物的分析方法。采用电磁感应加热技术在线热解吸固相萃取柱富集的苯系物,并直接引入气相色谱进样口进行分离定量。各苯系物在0.1~20 ng/L范围内线性关系良好,其相关系数(r)为0.999 2~0.999 6,对1 ng/L各苯系物测定的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为2.0%~4.4%,检出限为0.03~0.05 ng/L。     

H2气氛下褐煤快速热解过程中CH4逸出规律的分析

在带有输送煤样的管式反应器上进行了霍林河褐煤加压快速氢解实验,分析了H₂对煤/半焦的化学键断裂和对CH₄生成规律的影响。在加压快速氢解条件下,CH₄产率随着热解温度升高、压力的增大而增大;在50% H₂气氛下,操作压力为1.0 MPa、温度为900 ℃时,CH₄产率为8.08%,达到最大,较N₂气氛下的提高了72.5%。H₂或H·自由基诱发了芳环的开裂、侧链、脂肪链和醚键的断裂,促进了煤热解。CH₄产率的增加主要是由于外部供H的结果;热解温度低于700 ℃时,H₂对煤结构中活性基团的作用促进了煤热解,导致了CH₄产率的增加;而热解温度高于700 ℃后,煤/半焦加氢气化促进了CH₄产率的增加。     

车间空气中二甲基乙酰胺、丁酮和癸烷的气相色谱分析

采用Tenax吸附管吸附车间空气中的二甲基乙酰胺、丁酮和癸烷（十烷），经热解吸，样品在SE30大口径毛细管气相色谱柱上分离，外标法峰面积定量，系统分析了这三种挥发性有机化合物的含量。研究表明，这三种有机物经热解吸后的回归曲线的相关系数均在0．992以上，Tenax管吸附效率达90％以上，热解吸率达85％以上，样品的平均回收率为85％～110％。     

射流冷却下过氧化二叔丁基瞬时热解反应的研究

采用射流冷却和高温瞬时热解技术研究了过氧化二叔丁基(DTBP)热解产物的质量分布和飞行时间谱。DTBP解离率与热解温度的关系表明,1300K时DTBP全部解离。以Ar为载气时,DTBP热解产物CH₃COCH₃的飞行时间谱上出现双峰,而以He或N₂为载气时只出现单峰,表明在射流冷却下可能有部分CH₃COCH₃分子与Ar生成了范德华分子CH₃COCH₃·Arn·此外,还讨论了射流冷却下DTBP瞬时热解的机理。     

毛竹酶解/温和酸水解木质素的快速热解研究

采用热裂解-气相色谱/质谱仪联用技术,研究毛竹酶解/温和酸水解木质素(简称EMAL)的热解特性和热解产物的分布与形成规律.以温度为重要因素,研究其对木质素快速热裂解产物的影响,并通过主要的热解产物推断热解反应途径.研究结果表明,EMAL的热解产物主要是2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、酚类、脂类和少量乙酸.热解温度对热解产物组分的相对含量有显著影响,250~400 ℃时,产物主要是2,3-二氢苯并呋喃,320 ℃时其相对含量最高,达到66.26%;400~800 ℃时,热解产物主要是酚类,600 ℃时其相对含量最高,达到62.58%;800 ℃时出现了少量的乙酸.     

聚丙烯酸钠吸收释放氮肥性能

研究了聚丙烯酸钠(PAANa)吸液率及其对氮肥的吸收释放性能。结果表明,尿素对PAANa吸液率没有影响,氯化铵使其吸液率大大降低,且浓度越大吸液率越小;PAANa对不同浓度尿素溶液的吸液率均为370 g/g,对质量浓度为5、10、15和20 g/L氯化铵溶液的吸液率分别为82、62、56和55 g/g。在尿素溶液中,分配系数(mkd)约为1,而在氯化铵溶液中,mkd>1,随着氯化铵浓度增大mkd减小;PAANa对尿素没有富集作用,对NH4 有富集作用;但PAANa对尿素的吸收容量约为NH4 的10倍。PAANa对吸收的尿素和NH4 均具有缓慢释放性能,在水中经4次浸泡(24 h/次),尿素和NH4 累积释放率分别在80%和60%左右;FT-IR分析表明,NH4 与树脂中阳离子发生了离子交换。     

东胜长焰煤热解含氧官能团结构演化的13C-NMR和FT-IR分析

以东胜煤田色拉一号井田2号煤层长焰煤为研究对象,利用浮沉离心法富集其镜质组。基于工业分析、元素分析、¹³C-NMR、FT-IR、谱图分峰拟合技术和化学分析测试,求取镜煤及一系列热解煤含氧官能团结构与含量参数,从不同角度研究了含氧官能团的分布规律与演化特点。镜煤中羧基、羰基含量分别为8.91~10.90 mol/kg、1.61~1.79 mol/kg,随热解温度升高羧基显著减少。热解作用促使以端基形式连接在脂肪链或脂肪环结构氧上的甲基和亚甲基首先脱去,且在温度高于350 ℃后基本稳定。氧在热解过程赋存状态的变化是芳香体系与脂肪体系相互竞争的结果,510 ℃热解煤中芳香类氧和脂肪类氧的含量分别为7.49、3.45 mol/kg。羟基的演化过程与热解过程中氧的赋存状态密切相关。随着热解过程的进行,在热解温度低于440 ℃时,各种羟基含量均减少,热解过程对于大分子网络的破坏干扰了各种氢键作用,而羟基π作用则暂时增强,至510 ℃时各种氢键含量均降为最低。东胜长焰煤中含氧官能团化学活性顺序为:[COOH]>[R-O]>[Ar-O-Ar,Ar-O-C,C-O-C]>[C=O]。镜煤非活性醚键含量为0.68 mol/kg,活性醚键为0.48 mol/kg,主要为非活性醚键。     

热解吸-电喷雾离子源-三重四极杆质谱法快速筛查火锅底料和肉汤中非法添加罂粟壳

通过简单的金属探针直接接触火锅底料和肉汤表面采集待测物,经热解吸离子源进一步热解吸和电喷雾离子化,最终进入三重四极杆质谱检测器在多反应监测模式下进行定性分析,实现了火锅底料和肉汤中罂粟壳的现场实时快速检测。结果表明,设置热解吸温度为260℃,以0.1%甲酸水溶液（含10 mmol/L甲酸铵-乙腈（1:1,v/v）作为注射溶剂、注射泵流速为200 μL/h时,仪器响应值最优,灵敏度最高;5种生物碱中罂粟碱、那可丁、蒂巴因在火锅底料和肉汤中的检出限均为2 μg/kg,可待因、吗啡在火锅底料中的检出限为10 μg/kg,在肉汤中的检出限为5 μg/kg。该法与罂粟壳胶体金卡片快检试剂盒相比,灵敏度具有明显优势。应用该法对50批次市售火锅底料、肉汤等样品进行检测,发现1批次鸡汤含有那可丁、罂粟碱、蒂巴因和吗啡4种生物碱,与高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法的检测结果一致。由此说明该方法具有无需样品制备和色谱分离的特点,是一种快速、绿色、环保的分析方法,能够满足对食品中罂粟壳的快速定性分析。     

Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Simultaneous propane dehydrogenation andco2hydrogenation overCrOx/SiO2catalyst

Summary Single reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂(DH-CO₂) reactions in the presence and absence of the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst have been studied between 673 and 873 K. It was found that the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst is active both in the dehydrogenation of propane and in the RWGS reactions. The obtained results suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂on CrO_x/SiO₂can be facilitated by the RWGS reaction.</o:p>     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

LixNi0.8-yCo0.2ZnyOp的合成及电化学性能研究

A series of single-phase Li_xNi_0.8-yCo_0.2Zn_yO_p(0.96 ≤x≤ 1.10， 0 ≤y≤ 0.05， 2 ≤p≤ 2(1+y) ) (different in the y values) were synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method， in which LiOH·H₂O， Zn-doped spherical Ni(OH)₂ and Co₂O₃ were used as the precursors. The ICP-AES analyses proved that the Zn-doped compounds synthesized had the nonstoichiometric form. The results of the XRD， SEM identified that the uniform particles of the as-prepared materials having a good layered structure were fine， narrowly distributed and well crystallized. The electrochemical performance test was carried out and the results showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped materials had not only a high capacity， but also a better cycling stability characterization than the un-doped one. The Li_1.06Ni_0.75Co_0.22Zn_0.03O_2.03 material has an initial reversible capacity as high as 160.5mAh·g^-1; and a first discharge efficiency 89.2%， and exhibits satisfactory cyclic stability with 90% retainable capacity after 50 cycles.     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

Visible light-sensitive yellow TiO2−xNx and Fe-N co-doped Ti1−yFeyO2−xNx anatase photocatalysts

Nitrogen substituted yellow colored anatase TiO_2−xN_x and Fe-N co-doped Ti_1−yFe_yO_2−xN_x have been easily synthesized by novel hydrazine method. White anatase TiO_2−δ and N/Fe-N-doped samples are semiconducting and the presence of ESR signals at g ∼1.994-2.0025 supports the oxygen vacancy and g∼4.3 indicates Fe³⁺ in the lattice. TiO_2−xN_x has higher conductivity than TiO_2−x and Fe/Fe-N-doped anatase and the UV absorption edge of white TiO_2−x extends in the visible region in N, Fe and Fe-N co-doped TiO₂, which show, respectively, two band gaps at ∼3.25/2.63, ∼3.31/2.44 and 2.8/2.44 eV. An activation energy of ∼1.8 eV is observed in Arrhenius log resistivity vs. 1/T plots for all samples. All TiO₂ and Fe-doped TiO₂ show low 2-propanol photodegradation activity but have significant NO photodestruction capability, both in UV and visible regions, while standard Degussa P-25 is incapable in destroying NO in the visible region The mid-gap levels that these N and Fe-N-doped TiO₂ consist may cause this discrepancy in their photocatalytic activities.     

Carbon black and propylene oxidation over Ru/CoxMgyAl2Oz catalysts

The effects of Co_xMg_yAl₂O_z mixed oxides composition and ruthenium addition on the oxidation of propylene and carbon black (CB) were investigated. Different reactive cobalt and ruthenium oxide species were formed following calcination at 600 °C. The addition of ruthenium was beneficial for the CB oxidation under “loose contact” conditions and for propylene oxidation when the cobalt content was intermediate to low. The calculated activation energy for CB oxidation was decreased from 151 kJ mol⁻¹ for the uncatalyzed reaction to 111 kJ mol⁻¹ over the best catalyst.     

Structure refinement, dielectric, pyroelectric and Raman characterizations of Ba1−xLax(1−y)/2Euxy/2Nax/2TiO3 solid solution

The perovskite-type oxides Ba_1−xLa_x(1−y)/2Eu_xy/2Na_x/2TiO₃ (0?x?0.5 and xy=0.04) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction as well as dielectric measurements and Raman spectroscopy. The crystal structure of these ceramics has been determined by the Rietveld refinement powder X-ray diffraction data at room temperature. These compounds crystallize at room temperature in tetragonal space group P4mm for 0?x?0.1 and in the cubic group for 0.2?x?0.5. The phase transition temperature T_C (or T_m) decreases as x content increases. The degree of diffuseness of the phase transition is more pronounced for higher x content, implying the existence of a composition-induced diffuse phase transition of the ceramics with x?0.1. The evolution of the Raman spectra was studied as a function of various compositions at room temperature. The polarization state was checked by pyroelectric measurements.