环氧乙烷均聚反应机理的理论研究

借助量子化学理论计算方法对环氧乙烷均聚反应历程进行了理论探讨．采用DFT中的B3LYP方法在6-311G^**基组下对环氧乙烷基态和激发态以及亲核试剂和亲电试剂进攻环氧乙烷反应产物进行几何构型全优化，确定了各物种的电子结构、电荷分布和键长等参数．运用前线轨道理论从微观电子结构层次上对环氧乙烷的各种均聚反应机理进行了分析，探讨了阳离子均聚和阴离子均聚机理的合理性．由于受到前线轨道对称性和能级差的限制，环氧乙烷的基态分子不能发生均聚，同样也不能发生自由基均聚；而当环氧乙烷基态分子被亲电试剂或亲核试剂进攻时，可以进一步生成新的亲电或亲核试剂从而引发环氧乙烷均聚．计算结果很好地阐明了实验事实．     

聚醚型化合物的核磁共振碳谱解析

论述了以环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷为代表的聚醚型化合物的核磁共振碳谱特点及其立构规整性特征，并通过对主链碳谱和末端基碳谱的解析，讨论了聚合反应机理和聚合物组成。     

可降解聚酯医疗器械中环氧乙烷残留测定与解吸研究

采用顶空气相色谱法,对纸塑包装聚乙醇酸、聚乙醇酸三亚甲基碳酸酯和聚碳酸酯医疗器械环氧乙烷残留量进行检测,并对灭菌后的器械进行自然通风及室温下真空和80℃下真空强制解吸,确保产品环氧乙烷残留量在安全使用范围.研究发现,经环氧乙烷灭菌后,三种材质器械的环氧乙烷残留量均超过安全使用限度,聚碳酸酯器械最高,聚乙醇酸三亚甲基碳酸酯次之,聚乙醇酸最低.80℃下真空强制解吸48 h后,环氧乙烷残留量均满足安全使用限度要求.建立了可降解聚酯器械中环氧乙烷检测方法,探寻了较好的解吸方法,为产品的安全使用提供保障.     

氨基功能化有序介孔Si02薄膜组装Au纳米粒子复合材料的可调色散性质

以聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷(P123)为模板剂,采用共溶胶的蒸发诱导自组装方法制备了氨基功能化介孔SO2薄膜,然后利用氯金酸(HAUCl4)与介孔SiO2薄膜孔道内壁的氨基之间的中和反应组装Au纳米粒子,制备得到Au/SiO2纳米复合材料.用TEM,XRD和UV-Vis光谱对材料进行了测试.结果表明,无水乙醇...     

四溴双酚A锑铝双金属化合物的合成及其阻燃性能

以四溴双酚Ａ（ＴＢＡ）合成了在水和空气中稳定的四溴双酚Ａ合锑铝双金属化合物（ＴＢＡＳＡ）．通过ＩＲ、１ＨＮＭＲ和元素分析予以表征，并研究了其对聚乙烯（ＰＥ）和聚环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯ）的阻燃性能．结果表明，这种分子中含有溴、锑和铝的化合物，对聚乙烯和聚环氧乙烷等高聚物材料有高的阻燃性能与消烟效果．     

介孔分子筛SBA-15作为高效液相色谱固定相分离维生素E

以三嵌段共聚物P123聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷(PEO-PPO-PEO)为模板,在强酸性(1.6mol/L HCl)条件下,水热合成了棒状二维六方有序介孔材料SBA-15.粒径棒长约1～1.5μm,直径为400～500nm,平均孔径5.8nm,BET比表面积799㎡/g.并用合成的SBA-15作为正相高效液相...     

聚环氧乙烷链的微观构象研究

研究了聚环氧乙烷链在三级旋转异构态模型中的微观构象及其三级相互作用对聚环氧乙烷链的持久矢量的影响．计算了聚环氧乙烷链在三级旋转异构态模型中的键段的先验几率．这种方法能计算重复单元极复杂的对称高分子链的先验几率,还能研究不对称高分子链的微观构象,同时导出了三级旋转异构态模型中的持久矢量计算公式．     

聚环氧乙烷球晶的带状结构与球晶内部的环形裂纹

聚环氧乙烷球晶的带状结构与球晶内部的环形裂纹丁建东，朱军祥，杨玉良（复旦大学高分子科学系、国家教委聚合物分子工程开放实验室，上海，２００４３３）关键词聚合物，带状球晶，裂纹聚环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯ）具有高度的柔顺性，易于结晶，因而被人们选作研究聚合物结晶的...     

刚柔三嵌段共聚物的柱状结构构筑

合成了以酯键和醚键相连的苯和联苯作为刚棒B嵌段,以聚合度为7,12和17的聚环氧乙烷为A嵌段及辛基或十六烷基为C嵌段的ABC型三嵌段线团-刚棒-线团分子.通过核磁共振氢谱和基质辅助激光解吸电离时间飞行质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)对其结构进行了表征,利用偏光显微镜(POM)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)和小角X射线散射实验(SAXS)对其本体状态下的自组装行为进行了研究.结果表明,聚环氧乙烷聚合度为7、烷基链分别为辛基和十六烷基的化合物1a和2a在固相和液晶态分别自组装成倾斜柱状结构和矩形柱状结构,而具有长聚环氧乙烷链的化合物2b、2c和1c在固相都自组装成倾斜柱状结构.发现聚环氧乙烷链和烷基链的长度显著地影响线团-刚棒-线团分子体系的自组装行为.通过改变线团-刚棒-线团分子体系中柔性链长度的策略,可以精确地调控刚柔三嵌段共聚物的聚集体结构.     

环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷共聚物及其盐复合物的结晶与熔融

环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷共聚物及其盐复合物的结晶与熔融齐力，林云青，陈东霖（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）关键词环氧乙烷环氧丙烷共聚物，高分子固体电解质，结晶，熔融聚环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯ）及其盐复合物等￣［１，２］是一类高分子固体电解质，但ＰＥ...     

含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物防粘剂的制备及其表面性能研究

以甲基异丁基甲酮为溶剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯为原料,溶液聚合制得了均一的含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物防粘剂,并研究了其表面性能。结果表明:全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯单体的加入显著降低了共聚物的表面能,提高了共聚物膜的硬度、耐水、耐碱、耐溶剂等性能。当加入ω(氟单体)为30%时,表面能降低至14.7 mN/m,低于有机硅类防粘剂的表面能,含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物膜与压敏胶的的剥离力较低,剩余粘附率为93.2%,该共聚物膜的防粘等综合性能最好。     

Vinyl Polymerization. 431. Vinyl Polymerizations Initiated by Block and Random Poly(Styrene-co-Sodium Methacrylate)

Abstract

The polymerization of some kinds of vinyl monomer was found to occur without an ordinary initiator in aqueous solutions of AB-type block or random copolymers of sodium methacrylate with styrene as a so-called “uncatalyzed polymerization.” Although the spin trapping technique showed that the initiation mechanism by the block copolymer was the same as that by the random copolymer, the initiating ability of the block copolymer was lower than that of the random copolymer. Such results are attributable to the difference in the incorporating ability of monomer into the micelles formed by the block copolymer and into the hydrophobic areas formed by the random copolymer.     

甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯共聚物乳液的研究

研究了以甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯作为活性单体，采用种子乳液聚合制备四元体系的核—壳结构共聚物乳液，用透射电子显微镜观察了乳胶粒的微观形态，并对其稳定性、流变性等进行了测试，考察了甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯及其含量对乳液性能的影响．     

An experimental study on saturation swelling of styrene–acryronitrile copolymer particles with styrene and acrylonitrile monomers

The saturation swelling behavior of styrene and acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymer particles with a styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) comonomer mixture was investigated experimentally. The effects of the copolymer composition and the compositional inhomogeneity in SAN Copolymer particles on their swelling behavior were examined. The experimental results show that both the copolymer composition and the compositional inhomogeneity in SAN copolymer particles have little or no influence on the swellability of SAN copolymer particles with a St and AN comonomer mixture, as long as the weight fraction of AN monomer units in SAN copolymer particles is less than a certain value between 0.6 and 0.8. With increasing AN content in the copolymer particles beyond this value, however, the swellability of SAN copolymer particles gradually decreases. Semiempirical equations are proposed, which correlate the saturation concentration of each monomer in SAN copolymer particles as a function of the comonomer composition in the monomer droplets and the overall copolymer composition in SAN copolymer particles. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Donor–acceptor complexes in copolymerization. XLIII. Cyclization of alternating and random styrene–(meth)acrylic ester copolymers

Equimolar alternating copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate (prepared with Et_1.5AlCl_1.5, SnCl₄, and ZnCl₂) as well as equimolar random copolymer were treated with polyphosphoric acid at 135°C. The extent of cyclization of the alternating copolymers was about 40%, independent of the cotacticity of the copolymer, and there was little or no crosslinking. The random copolymer underwent only 10% cyclization and considerable crosslinking. The extent of cyclization of the alternating copolymer of styrene and methyl acrylate (prepared with Et_1.5AlCl_1.5) was the same as that of the random copolymer and was lower than that of the corresponding methyl methacrylate copolymer. Both alternating and random copolymers underwent extensive crosslinking.     

Column fractionation of acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers

An acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer having 51.4 wt % acrylonitrile content was fractionated using dimethylformamide and a toluene–n-propanol mixture as solvent and nonsolvent, respectively. From characterization of the fractions, it is shown that the copolymer was fractionated principally in accordance with composition. The weight distribution curve of the copolymer was expressed as a function of both molecular weight and chemical composition on a two-dimensional contour map. The same plotting technique was applied to a copolymer having nearly the azeotropic composition.     

Facile electrochemical synthesis of a conducting copolymer from 5-aminoindole and EDOT and its use as Pt catalyst support for formic acid electrooxidation

5-Aminoindole and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) were copolymerized electrochemically on a carbon cloth (CC) electrode in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution. The as-prepared copolymer was characterized by cyclic voltammogram, SEM, and UV-vis and FT-IR spectra through which the electrochemical properties, structure, and composition of the as-obtained copolymer were determined. The electrochemical activity and stability of the as-formed copolymer are significantly improved in comparison with poly(5-aminoindole) due to the incorporation of EDOT units into the conjugated chain. The copolymer film-modified CC electrode was used as substrate for Pt particle deposition (denoted as Pt/copolymer/CC), and then, its catalytic activity towards formic acid electrooxidation was studied. Experimental results indicate that the catalytic activity of Pt/copolymer/CC towards formic acid electrooxidation is enhanced in comparison with that of Pt/homopolymer/CC, which can be attributed to the homogeneous distribution of Pt nanoparticles on the copolymer/CC substrate and the improved electrochemical activity of the copolymer film.     

苯酚苯胺共聚物在304不锈钢电极表面的电化学合成及成膜微观结构分析

Electrochemical copolymerization of phenol and aniline was achieved on 304 stainless steel anodes in neutral water solution with an electrolyte of Na₂SO₄O₄. Compared with pit corro-sion potential of different copolymer coatings, the best solution composition was 0.09 mol/L phenol and 0.01 mol/L aniline. Through infrared spectrum analysis, polyaniline structure was proved in phenol-aniline copolymer, as well as more side chains. Scanning electron mi-croscope was used to analyze microstructure of copolymer coating, taking advantage of part solubility of phenol-aniline copolymer in tetrahydrofuran, the bifurcate network structure was observed. The copolymer coating microstructure was summarized, compared with the performance of polyphenol coatings, the reasons of corrosion resistance enhancement with the addition of aniline in electropolymerization reaction was assumed as well.     

Synthesis and studies of semiconducting piperazine-aniline copolymer

Synthesis of piperazine-aniline copolymer has been studied by using various acids. The copolymer was characterized by spectral and physical techniques such as UV-Visible, FT-IR, fluorescence, viscosity, density and SEM studies. Conductivity of the copolymer was tested with various counter ions. The copolymer was found to have significant conductivity in the region of semiconductors. Morphological study reveals that the neutral copolymer forms into spongy and porous structure. Conductivity, density and viscosity are very much influenced by the nature of counter ions.     

Preparation and characterization of temperature and pH-sensitive chitosan material and its controlled release on coenzyme A

A novel copolymer P(CS–Ma–DMAEMA) was synthesized with chitosan (CS), maleic anhydride (Ma) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) by grafting and copolymerization. The copolymer obtained was analyzed by FT-IR, ¹H NMR and UV, and the molecular weight and polydispersity were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The average size and distribution of copolymer micelles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Their aqueous solution properties and controlled coenzyme A delivery were also studied. It was found that the copolymer had temperature sensitivity and pH sensitivity. The factors affecting release behavior, such as concentration, pH and temperature were discussed in this paper. The higher concentration of the copolymer aqueous solution absorbed more coenzyme A than the lower one. The increasing temperature accelerated the drug release from the copolymer. The pH of the copolymer solution had significant impact on the release of coenzyme A. The results suggested that the novel copolymer could be used as drug delivery carrier.