带有羧基的含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备及超疏水性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸全氟烷基乙基酯为单体,以可逆加成-断裂链转移方法合成含氟嵌段共聚物,同时以常规自由基溶液聚合制备相似组成的无规共聚物.采用溶剂挥发成膜方法成膜,研究共聚物组成与结构对膜表面形貌和疏水性能的影响.结果表明,羧基单体的引入改变了含氟丙烯酸酯聚合物的溶解性能和成膜性能,使用常用溶剂就可...     

含氟丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物的制备及其表面性能的研究

研究了聚合工艺、含氟丙烯酸酯类单体种类和用量、苯乙烯和自由基引发剂用量及硅烷偶联剂、催化剂等因素对含氟丙烯酸酯-乙烯共聚物表面性能的影响。结果表明：聚合工艺、含氟丙烯酸酯类单体种类和用量对共聚物表面的憎水性能有显著的影响;采用延时滴加含氟丙烯酸酯类单体可提高共聚物膜表面的憎水性;随含氟丙烯酸酯类单体侧链含氟烷基的链长和氟原子数及含氟单体用量的增加,共聚物水接触角增大,吸水率下降;共聚物薄膜的硬度则与含氟丙烯酸酯类单体中α-取代基、侧链含氟烷基的链长和用量、苯乙烯用量、引发剂浓度等相关;硅烷偶联剂和催化交联剂的加入可提高共聚物薄膜的强度。     

含氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯核壳乳液的制备及性能

以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯封端的水性聚氨酯作为大分子单体,与甲基丙烯酸甲酯及甲基丙烯酸全氟烷基乙基酯在乳液中进行自由基共聚合,制备出具有核壳结构的水性含氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯乳液。通过激光粒度分析仪、FT-IR、DSC、TGA、接触角、力学等表征手段,对乳液及其乳胶膜的结构和性能进行了研究,还着重探讨了甲基丙烯酸全氟烷基乙基酯的含量对乳胶膜性能的影响,结果表明:所制得的材料具有预期结构,并且具有优异的表面性能和力学性能,氟单体的引入使乳胶膜的表面能大大降低,而力学性能明显提高。     

含氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯核壳乳液的制备及性能

以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯封端的水性聚氨酯作为大分子单体,与甲基丙烯酸甲酯及甲基丙烯酸全氟烷基乙基酯在乳液中进行自由基共聚合,制得具有核壳结构的水性含氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯乳液。通过激光粒度分析、FT-IR、DSC、TGA、表面性能测试、力学性能测试等表征手段,对乳液及其乳胶膜的结构和性能进行了检测,另外,还着重探讨了甲基丙烯酸全氟烷基乙基酯的含量对乳胶膜性能的影响。结果表明:所制得的材料具有预期结构,并且表面能及吸水率低,力学性能优异。氟单体的引入使乳胶膜的表面能大大降低,而力学性能明显提高。     

全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备和表面性质

皮革和纺织品等的防水防油处理一直是人们关注的课题 ,用普通防水剂处理皮革和纺织品只能防水不能防油 ,达不到彻底防污 .由于有机氟化物的表面能极低 ,而丙烯酸酯类高分子具有成膜性好、网络结构较为疏松的特点 ,因此通过在聚丙烯酸酯高分子侧链引入全氟烷基 [1～ 5] 制得的全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物 ,具有优异的防水、防油和防污功能 ,并且可使处理的制品保持原有的色泽、手感和透气性等优点 .本文采用乳液共聚法制得了全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯共聚物 [6] ,通过测定接触角计算了共聚物的表面自由能为 0 .0 1 2 6J/m2 ,这比作为目前优良品种的…     

优化含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳胶膜表面性能的方法研究

含氟丙烯酸酯乳液由于氟的引入具有优异的表面性能,在涂料、胶粘剂、纺织助剂等领域得到广泛应用.然而含氟单体成本较高,而且产物中乳化剂的存在影响了含氟丙烯酸酯乳液涂膜的抗污、疏水疏油等特性.如何采取有效措施提高含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳胶膜的表面性能,是其走向产业化急需解决的问题.针对这方面问题,本文主要从含氟单体的利用率、设计乳胶粒结构、共聚物链结构以及乳胶膜的后处理等方面对近年来的研究成果进行了综述.     

含氟丙烯酸酯共聚乳液及其膜表面特性的研究

以十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)和OP 10混合乳化剂 ,制备了甲基丙烯酸全氟辛基乙酯 (FMA8) 甲基丙烯酸丁酯 (BMA) 甲基丙烯酸 (MAA)共聚乳液 .通过DSC、FT IR、1 H NMR对共聚物的结构、组成进行了表征研究 .采用JZHY 180界面张力仪研究了共聚乳液膜表面的性质 ,结果表明 ,随着共聚物中全氟单体含量的增加 ,共聚物膜的表面能显著降低 ,当全氟单体的含量达到 2 5wt %时 ,其表面能降低到 19 74mJ m2 .X ray光电子能谱(XPS)对共聚物表面原子组成的分析结果表明 ,共聚物表面氟的含量远高于其平均含量 ,证明了含氟基团的趋表现象 .经退火处理 ,共聚物膜表面的氟含量增加 ,表面自由能降低     

光致变色含氟丙烯酸酯涂层的制备及性能

选取十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)为复合乳化剂,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,将2-(全氟己基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(PFM)与丙烯酸酯类单体采用预乳化-半连续种子乳液聚合法进行乳液共聚,再将羟基螺吡喃(SPOH)与乳液进行物理共混,制得光致变色含氟丙烯酸酯乳液。 通过多种表征手段研究丙烯酸正丁酯(n-BA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)软硬单体的质量比,SPOH的用量对聚合反应和乳胶膜性能的影响。 结果表明,加入含氟单体后乳胶膜与水、油的接触角提高,热稳定性提高;加入SPOH的质量分数为1.25%时,乳胶膜具有较好的光致变色性能。     

阳离子无皂含氟丙烯酸酯的合成与表面性能

在合成甲基丙烯酸全氟辛酰氧基乙酯(FA)基础上,用半连续法制备了无皂阳离子含氟丙烯酸酯乳液。当乳液的粒径在100~200 nm、ζ电位大于40 mV时,乳液较稳定。阳离子亲水单体甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)在含氟丙烯酸酯中质量分数为0.10~0.18、固含量小于20%时乳液的稳定性好,且随DMC含量的增加稳定性提高;含氟丙烯酸酯乳胶膜的附着力与耐磨性好,乳胶膜的透湿率随DMC的增加而增加。随热处理温度的提高,膜表面自由能下降;经160℃热处理后膜发生了交联,表面自由能为18 mN/m,与聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的表面能相近,DMC含量对膜表面自由能影响不大。XPS分析也表明膜表面氟含量随热处理温度的提高而增加。     

含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物的合成与表征

本文以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和1,1,5-三氢全氟戊基丙烯酸酯 (OFPA)为主要单体,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为活性单体,采用间歇式滴加乳液聚合法合成了含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物.采用红外光谱法和X-射线光电子能谱法对共聚物的结构进行了表征,对共聚物的凝胶含量、耐水、耐溶剂性能以及热性能进行了测试.结果表明共聚物具有良好的耐水和耐溶剂性能,共聚物中保持一定的凝胶率可降低其表面粘性,有利于后期混炼加工;DSC测得的共聚物的玻璃化转变温度可低于-30℃,保持了较好的低温性能.     

Emulsifier-free latex of fluorinated acrylate copolymer

Emulsifier-free latices of fluorinated acrylate copolymers were prepared by semicontinuous polymerization method, with perfluoroalkylethyl methacrylate (Zonyl TM) as a fluoromonomer. Ultrasonic at 40 kHz was adopted to help monomers disperse well in water. The relationships of polymerization conditions between the final conversion and polymerization stability were discussed in detail and the optimal polymerization condition was given. A fluorinated acrylate copolymer was finally obtained and its T_g was 54 °C. The average particle size of the latex was about 601 nm and the particle size distribution of the latex was narrow. The latex film exhibited a low surface free energy and good surface property. By using 6% Zonyl TM, the water contact angle of the film-air interface increased significantly and reached to 110.2°. Compared with the latex film of fluorine-free polyacrylate prepared under the similar polymerization condition, the fluorinated latex film had a better water-resistance and thermal stability.     

含无规共聚组分的两嵌段聚合物A-b-(B-r-C)的合成以及自组装

通过原子转移自由基(ATRP)方法合成了其中一个嵌段是由2种单体无规共聚的两嵌段聚合物——聚丙烯酸肉桂酸乙酯-b-(聚苯乙烯-r-聚丙烯酸叔丁酯),(记为PCEA-b-(PtBA-r-PS)).讨论了聚合过程中影响分子量分布以及分子量控制的各种因素.通过氢核磁(1H-NMR)确定各嵌段的重复单元数分别为50,111,138.通过透射电镜(TEM)观察,研究了该嵌段聚合物在选择性溶剂1-氯癸烷以及环戊烷中的自组装行为,发现该嵌段聚合物在环己烷中直接分散可以形成有聚集倾向的短棒状或球形胶束,而在1-氯癸烷中直接分散得到的胶束,在膜表面随着1-氯癸烷溶剂的缓慢挥发可以组装得到具有规则微纳结构的相互连接的柱状胶束.     

Composition and molecular weight analysis of styrene-acrylic copolymers using thermal field-flow fractionation

Thermal field-flow fractionation coupled with online multiangle light scattering, differential refractive index and quasielastic light scattering (ThFFF-MALS/dRI/QELS) was used to simultaneously determine the molecular weight (MW) and composition of polystyrene-poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PS-PBA) and polystyrene-poly(methyl acrylate) (PS-PMA) copolymers. The online measurement of the normal diffusion coefficient (D) by QELS allowed calculation of the copolymer thermal diffusion coefficient (D(T)) of sample components as they eluted from the ThFFF channel. DT was found to be independent of MW for copolymers with similar compositions and dependent on composition for copolymers with similar MW in a non-selective solvent. By using a solvent that is non-selective to both blocks of the copolymer, it was possible to establish a universal calibration plot of DT versus mole fraction of one of the monomer chemistries comprising the copolymer. PS-PBA and PS-PMA linear diblock polymers were determined to vary in composition from 100/0 to 20/80 wt% PS/acrylate and ranged in MWs between 30 and 360 kDa. The analysis of a PS-PBA miktoarm star copolymer revealed a polydisperse material with a weight percent PBA of 50-75% and MW ranging from 100 to 900 kDa. The presented ThFFF-MALS/dRI/QELS method allowed rapid characterization of polymers with MW and chemical distributions in a single analysis.     

Preparation and characterization of fluorine-containing acrylate copolymers by Co γ-ray radiation co-polymerization

A series of fluorine-containing acrylate copolymers were prepared by ⁶⁰Co γ-ray radiation co-polymerization in a mixed acrylate system, including butyl acrylate, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and perfluoroalkylethyl methacrylate (FMA). The yield of the copolymers reached 96% when they were radiated for 34 h with the radiation dose of 1 kGy/h. Moreover, the surface structure and properties of the copolymers were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle (CA) analysis. And the glass-transition temperature was measured by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). It was found that the fluoropolymer was of large water static contact angle and fluorine was enriched at the polymer-air interface. The relationship between the copolymer composition, annealed temperature and static contact angle was also discussed in detail. Furthermore, when the FMA content reached 3%, the cotton treated with our products exhibited better oil repellency.     

氮丙啶交联剂的交联性能及固化动力学研究

合成了一种氯丙啶交联剂，并以丙烯酸树脂乳液为模型化合物对交联剂的交联性能及固化动力学进行了研究。结果表明：在丙烯酸树脂乳液中加入适量的氯丙啶交联剂，可使胶膜的力学性能及耐水碱性，耐溶剂性都得到很大的提高；但交联对玻璃化转变温度的影响较小。用程序升温DSC（差示扫描量热法）方法对固化反应动力学进行了研究，计算出固化反应的活化能。     

Atom transfer radical polymerization of acrylates in an ionic liquid: Synthesis of block copolymers

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylates in ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexaflurophospate, with the CuBr/CuBr₂/amine catalytic system was investigated. Sequential polymerization was performed by synthesizing AB block copolymers. Polymerization of butyl acrylate (monomer that is only partly soluble in an ionic liquid forming a two‐phase system) proceeded to practically quantitative conversion. If the second monomer (methyl acrylate) is added at this stage, polymerization proceeds, and block copolymer formed is essentially free of homopolymer according to size exclusion chromatographic analysis. The number‐average molecular weight of the copolymer is slightly higher than calculated, but the molecular weight distribution is low (M_w/M_n = 1.12). If, however, methyl acrylate (monomer that is soluble in an ionic liquid) is polymerized at the first stage, then butyl acrylate in the second‐stage situation is different. Block copolymer free of homopolymer of the first block (with M_w/M_n = 1.13) may be obtained only if the conversion of methyl acrylate at the stage when second monomer is added is not higher than 70%. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight analysis confirmed that irreversible deactivation of growing macromolecules is significant for methyl acrylate polymerization at a monomer conversion above 70%, whereas it is still not significant for butyl acrylate even at practically quantitative conversion. These results show that ATRP of butyl acrylate in ionic liquid followed by addition of a second acrylate monomer allows the clean synthesis of block copolymers by one‐pot sequential polymerization even if the first stage is carried out to complete conversion of butyl acrylate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2799–2809, 2002     

Alternating Sequence Control for Carboxylic Acid and Hydroxy Pendant Groups by Controlled Radical Cyclopolymerization of a Divinyl Monomer Carrying a Cleavable Spacer

By utilizing features of the hemiacetal ester (HAE) bond: easy formation from vinyl ether and carboxylic acid and easy cleavage into different functional groups (‐COOH and ‐OH), we achieved control of the alternating sequence of two functional pendant groups of a vinyl copolymer. Methacrylate‐ and acrylate‐based vinyl groups were connected through HAE bonds to prepare a cleavable divinyl monomer, which was cyclo‐polymerized under optimized conditions in a ruthenium‐catalyzed living radical polymerization. Subsequent cleavage of the HAE bonds in the resultant cyclo‐pendant led to a copolymer consisting of alternating methacrylic acid and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate units as analyzed by ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The alternating sequence of ‐COOH and ‐OH pendants specifically provided a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in an ether solvent, which was not observed with the random copolymer of same composition ratio.     

Synthesis and optical properties of white phosphorescent carbazole - iridium copolymers

A series of novel carbazole-iridium copolymers have been designed and synthesized by the combination of blue-emitting acrylate carbazole M1 with hole transporting property and yellow-emitting cyclometalated iridium complex M2 containing 2-phenylpyridine as main ligand and acrylic acid as auxiliary ligand. The results showed that the blue carbazole host resulted in an efficient energy transfer to the yellow iridium complex guest, and when the feed molar ratio of M1 to M2 was 99:1, the emission spectrum of the copolymer presented a broad peak emission which can cover the whole visible range from 400 to 700 nm to obtain a nearly white copolymer material with the CIE coordinates of (0.30, 0.31), as a consequence of polymerized units luminescence, host-guest energy transfer and conjugation degree. Nevertheless, the host-guest energy transfer resulted in green emission about 524 nm of copolymer as the proportion of iridium complex monomer increased. The fluorescence quantum yields of the copolymers were significantly improved compared to the iridium complex monomer.     

PREPARATION AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF ACRYLIC COPOLYMERS CONTAINING FLUORINATED MONOMERS

A series of copolymers comprising butylmethacrylate, styrene, butylacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and perfluoroalkyl methacrylate were synthesized by the free radical polymerization using BPO as an initiator. The surface property of the copolymer films was subsequently characterized. The contact angle measurements and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray （EDAX） show that the length and content of perfluoroalkyl side chains in the copolymers are crucial for the preparation of the film with low surface energy. At a given content of fluorinated monomers in the copolymers, the longer the perfluoroalkyl side chain, the larger the water contact angle of the copolymer films will be. On the other hand, the higher the content of fluorinated monomers, the lower the surface energy is. The water contact angle increases with the increase of the fluorinated monomer content and reaches a plateau at 3 wt% of fluorinated monomer content.     

用含氟丙烯酸酯无规共聚物制备超疏水膜

用微乳液聚合法制备了丙烯酸全氟烷基乙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的无规共聚物,并对其进行了表征.采用溶剂挥发成膜法一步制备了具有超疏水性的该聚合物膜,水滴在该聚合物膜上的静态接触角可达151°~160°,滚动角小于3°.通过扫描电子显微镜观察发现该聚合物膜表面分布了许多乳突状突起和微孔洞,并具有微米和纳米尺度相结合的复合杂化结构.该类超疏水表面的形成是由适度粗糙的表面和低表面能相互结合引起的.探讨了该类超疏水膜的形成机理.