微量元素对小儿健康的影响及防治对策探讨

为了探讨小儿生长发育落后，消瘦，纳差，挑食，异食癣，头发黄稀少光泽，汗多，腿疼，易病等原因及其与锌，铁，铜，钙，镁的关系，１９９２～１９９５年对４３３例患儿进行头发微量元素检测。结果表明，对４３３例再随机抽样２６８人作为统计指标，１～１０岁男女和１１～１４岁男发锌含量均低地正常平均值，差异有非常显著的意义（Ｐ〈０．０１及Ｐ〈０．００１），１１～１４岁女男发锌含量均低于正常差异显著意义（Ｐ〉０．０５     

计算机模式识别法对关节变形强直性脊柱炎微量元素谱的研究

测定了关节变形强直性脊柱炎患者及健康人头发样本中的十五种微量元素含量,运用计算机模式识别技术研究两类样本的微量元素谱差异,选择Ca、Pb、Zn、Ti、Ni、Mg和Sr元素为特征参量,用马氏距离法对两类样本进行回判和预报,其准确率均高于92%,高维空间分类成功,表明两类人的微量元素谱确实存在明显差异。     

原子吸收法分析中成药中的无机微量元素

分别采用火焰原子吸收法和石墨炉原子吸收法分析了江西省产12种中成药中22种无机微量元素的含量，并对所含的无机微量元素及其效用进行了初探，说明了中成药的功效与其所含的无机微量元素有一定联系。     

影响微量元素代谢的因素

1．微量元素的化学形态：微量元素的化学形态决定其脂溶性和溶解度等，对微量元素的代谢有较大的影响。食源性（外源性）微量元素的状态，诸如价态、与之结合的功能团（配位体）、电负性、化学结构、酸碱性、颗粒的表面张力等都与微量元素的代谢有密切的关系。     

微量元素与中药功效关系的探讨

中药中含有丰富的微量元素，其种类和含量与中药功效有着密切的关系。从微量元素与中药的滋补作用，解热作用．抗菌消炎作用和止血作用等四方面，论述了微量元素与中药功效的关系。     

六种祛风湿中成药中微量元素含量的测定

中药功效与微量元素之间的关系 ,已被越来越多的学者研究证实[1～ 3] ,但对祛风湿中成药中微量元素的分析未见报道。现代医学中 ,风湿病是指与免疫代谢、感染、遗传、退行性变有关的骨、关节、肌肉疼痛为主的疾患 ,其范围相当广泛 ,为临床常见病[4] 。本文通过对风湿马钱片等 6种祛风湿中成药中Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｐｂ、Ｈｇ等 7种微量元素含量的测定 ,为进一步研究相关微量元素的存在形态、探讨药理机制、提高药效和降低毒副作用提供参考。1　实验1 1　仪器与试剂ＷＦＸ ⅠＣ型原子吸收分光光度计 (北京第二分析仪器厂 ) ,Ｗ…     

龙津街婴儿辅食添加与微量元素含量的关系

为了解荔湾区龙津街婴儿辅食添加时间及结构对其体内微量元素含量有无影响，减少微量元素失衡对婴儿生长发育的影响，采用分层抽样方法对龙津街内进行“4－2－1”体检的398名3－12个月散居婴儿进行辅食添加情况了解，同时检测其头发中碘，锌，铁，钙，铜，锰的含量。用x^2求得两者关系P＜0．01，P＜0．05，表明辅食添加的时间正常与否，添加辅食结构是否合理对其头发中微量元素含量有密切关系。科学地进行辅食添加对平衡婴儿体内微量元素含量，促进其健康生长有重要意义。     

有毒微量元素的毒性

综述了常见有毒微量元素对人体的毒性，着重论述了有毒微量元素其存在形式与毒性大小的关系。     

川稻中铜铁锌锰四种微量元素的研究

四川是我国农业大省之一，水稻居其粮食作物的首位。而微量元素对生命有着重要的意义。本文对四川省稻米中铜、铁、锌、锰四种微量元素进行了分析研究，探索了它们大致的含量范围和糙米、精米及谷壳中微量元素含量的差异，证实了稻谷产量与以上四种微量元素总量间以及大米品质与铜、锌含量间呈正相关关系，也表明了大米中微量元素含量与土壤环境的正相关性。     

不当饮食观念易致微量元素缺乏

现在人们对于微量元素已不再陌生，随着生活水平的提高，微量元素在人体健康中的地位也逐渐地被人们所认可。微量元素在人体内含量虽低，但各有其重要的生理功能，并且不能互相代替，是人体内不可缺少的物质。由于微量元素在人体内不能合成，只能从外界摄取，一旦缺乏，便会引起相应的缺乏症，影响人体健康和正常的生长发育。现将日常生活中的两则不正确饮食观念指出，以引起人们的注意。     

糖类研究（XVI）：大环化合物Clemochinenoside—A前体的合成

近年来，人们发现许多含糖物质具有较强的生物活性，如许多大环内脂的糖单元具有抗菌及抗癌活性等［‘”j．糖缀合物的这些重要生物活性已引起人们的极大兴趣．铁线莲（威灵仙，Clematischi，；e。；sts（）sbeck）被广泛应用于治疗关节炎、关节痛、头痛及炎症等疾病．Clemochinenoside－A（玉）是从该植物根中分离得到的非常少见的大环内酯糖吉化合物［’j，为进一步研究其特殊结构和药理活性，我们对1进行了全合成．本文报道呈的前体化合物10的立体选择性合成．其关键步骤是6的立体选择性青化和9的位置选择性甲磷酸化反应．互结果与讨论…     

Biolabel-led research pattern reveals serum profile in rats after treatment with Herba Lysimachiae: Combined analysis of metabonomics and proteomics

In traditional Chinese medicine, Herba Lysimachiae (HL) is mainly used to treat rheumatic arthralgia. Current pharmacological studies also showed that HL has therapeutic potential for synovial diseases. HL is an oral drug, whose compounds need to enter the blood circulation before reaching the injured tissue, thus potentially causing activity or toxicity to the blood system. In this study, the biolabel-led research pattern was used to analyze the serum profile after HL intervention, based on which the safety and efficacy of HL were explored. Metabonomics and proteomics were combined to analyze the biolabels responsible for the interventions of HL in serum. Bioinformatics databases were used to screen for the material basis that may interfere with biolabels. Omics analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins (19) and metabolites (5) were identified and considered as the potential biolabels, which were involved in 8 biochemical processes (platelet activation and aggregation, blood glucose release, immune and inflammatory regulation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, tumor progression, blood pressure regulation, and uric acid synthesis). Thirty-one compounds may be the material basis to interfere with 11 biolabels. The present research reveals that the potential activities and toxicities of HL can be explored based on the biolabel-led research pattern.     

Intestinal metabolism of Polygonum cuspidatum in vitro and in vivo

Rhizoma et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati (RRPC) is commonly prescribed for the treatment of amenorrhea, arthralgia, jaundice and abscess in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous pharmacological studies have indicated that polyphenols are the main pharmacological active ingredients in RRPC. Meanwhile, the poor bioavailability of polyphenols in RRPC implies that those components are probably metabolized by intestinal bacteria before absorption. However, there is rather limited information about RRPC''s metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria and the intestinal absorbed constituents. In the present study, the metabolites were characterized after the aqueous extract of RRPC was incubated with the crude enzyme of human intestinal bacteria in vitro. The metabolic characteristics of glycosides in RRPC were figured out by comparing the metabolic profiles of emodin‐8‐O‐β‐d ‐glucopyranoside and polydatin between aqueous extract of RRPC and equivalent amounts of these two glycosides. The transitional constituents absorbed into blood were investigated in rats via intraduodental administration and portal vein intubation. A total of 38 prototype components and 43 metabolites were detected and characterized in vivo. The overall results demonstrated that the intestinal bacteria played an important role in the metabolism of RRPC, and the main metabolic pathways were hydrolysis in vitro, glucuronidation and sulfation in vivo.     

Simultaneous quantitative analysis of nine triterpenoid saponins for the quality control of Stauntonia obovatifoliola Hayata subsp. intermedia stems

Stauntonia obovatifoliola Hayata subsp. intermedia is used in China to treat rheumatic arthralgia, hernia pain, and traumatic pain. An accurate and reliable method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of nine triterpenoid saponins in this herb. By using a Kromasil 100–5 C₁₈ column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), nine analytes were separated by gradient elution over a running time of 45.0 min. All standard calibration curves demonstrated satisfactory linearity (R² ≥ 0.9995) within a relatively wide range. The precision was evaluated by intra‐ and interday tests, which revealed relative standard deviation values within the ranges of 0.20–2.83 and 0.51–2.79%, respectively. The recoveries for the nine target compounds were between 84.6 and 103% with relative standard deviation values less than 2.67%. The samples were also analyzed on a linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap Velos Pro mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source in negative mode to confirm the quantification results. In conclusion, the present high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method could serve as an accurate and reliable method for the quality evaluation of Stauntonia obovatifoliola Hayata subsp. intermedia stems.     

Characterization and simultaneous quantification of biological aporphine alkaloids in Litsea cubeba by HPLC with hybrid ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and HPLC with diode array detection

The root and rhizome of Litsea cubeba (Lour) Pers., named ‘Dou‐chi‐jiang’ in Chinese, has been traditionally used for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, rheumatic arthralgia, and other diseases in China. Aporphine alkaloids are its characteristic ingredients and responsible for its bioactivities, especially anti‐inflammatory and analgesic effects. A sensitive and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for characterization and simultaneous determination of biological aporphine alkaloids in ‘Dou‐chi‐jiang’. The optimized chromatographic conditions were performed on an Eclipse XDB C₁₈ column with a gradient of acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% formic acid as the mass spectrometry mobile phase and acetonitrile/water containing 0.2% diethylamine (pH 3.10, adjusted by acetic acid) as the liquid chromatography mobile phase. The fragmentation pathways by loss of CO, ·CH₃, ·NH₃, and ·NH₂CH₃ were detected as characteristic for aporphine alkaloids. Based on these characteristics, total 12 analogues were identified. The quantification method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, and accuracy for six major aporphine alkaloids, which was successfully applied for simultaneous determination in ten batches of samples. The established method is simple, rapid, and specific for characterization and quantitation of aporphine alkaloids in ‘Dou‐chi‐jiang’ and other traditional Chinese medicines rich in this kind of ingredient.     

Simultaneous quantitative analysis of letrozole, its carbinol metabolite, and carbinol glucuronide in human plasma by LC-MS/MS

Letrozole is an efficient endocrine treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer, however, not all patients benefit from this treatment, and moreover, severe side-effects like arthralgia frequently lead to discontinuation. To better understand inter-individual variability in drug response and side-effects, plasma analysis of steady-state concentrations of letrozole and its major metabolites is crucial. We developed a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for the simultaneous quantification of letrozole and its metabolites 4,4′-(hydroxymethylene)dibenzonitrile (carbinol) and bis(4-cyanophenyl)methyl hexopyranosiduronic acid (carbinol-gluc) by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS using in-house synthesized, stable isotope-labeled internal standards. Following solid-phase extraction in BondElut C18 96-well plates, the analytes were separated on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column (1.8 μm, 4.6 × 50 mm) with a gradient of acetonitrile in 0.1% acetic acid in water and detected on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Lower limits of quantification were 20, 0.2, and 2 nM for letrozole, carbinol, and carbinol-gluc, respectively. The assay has been validated according to FDA guidance and applied to the analysis of 20 plasma samples of postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with 2.5 mg of letrozole per day. Mean plasma levels (±SD) were 366 ± 173, 0.38 ± 0.09, and 34 ± 12 nM for letrozole, carbinol, and carbinol-gluc, respectively. Our rapid and sensitive mass spectrometry based method enables future pharmacokinetic investigations of letrozole outcome.     

Contributions to the Chemistry of the Binary Compounds of the Transition Elements

Phase and structural relationships of the sulfur, selenium, and tellurium compounds of the 4d and 5d transition elements of groups IV to VII of the periodic system are discussed. Homologous elements behave very similarly with respect to the chalcogens, and this is particularly the case for niobium and tantalum, and for molybdenum and tungsten. However, zirconium, niobium, and molybdenum have a greater tendency towards formation of chalcogen-poor phases than their homologues hafnium, tantalum, and tungsten. Subchalcogenides are known only for zirconium and niobium. The number of phases and the tendency towards formation of solid solutions are considerably smaller among the tellurides than among the sulfides and selenides. The crystal structures of the telluride phases also differ from those of the sulfide and selenide phases of analogous composition. In addition, a review of the phase and structural relationships of the arsenic and antimony compounds of the 4d and 5d transition elements of groups V to VII is given.     

线状铜电极在磷酸溶液中电流混沌振荡的同步行为

研究了恒电位下两个铜线电极在磷酸溶液中的电流混沌振荡行为,通过恒定不同的电位数值,改变单个电极的电流振荡混沌行为,研究了不同混沌间的相互作用.调整线电极间的距离,研究了电极间距对电流振荡行为的影响.实验中两电极的振荡间呈现了复杂的耦合作用,耦合后的频率与耦合前电极原有的频率不同.两电极的混沌电流振荡中呈现出同步、准周期同步和反相同步等现象.电极距离一定时,振荡波形差别很大的两电极的电流容易呈现反相同步和准周期同步,波形差别不大时容易产生同步.强的耦合导致电极间电流振荡的同步,电极距离的加大,电极间电流振荡难以产生同步.对耦合作用机制也进行了探讨.     

锌试剂与壳聚糖的结合反应机理的研究

为从分子水平认识多糖分子与小分子之间相互作用的机理,应用光谱法研究了壳聚糖(CTS)与锌试剂(ZCN)的相互作用机理;测得ZCN-CTS复合物吸收光谱出现新的吸收峰所需的临界ZCN/CTS摩尔比为2.67×103, CTS对ZCN的最大结合数为6.93×103,实验值与理论值相吻合,证明了多糖与生物探针相互作用理论模型的可靠性;探讨了ZCN与CTS相互作用产生变色反应的机理,认为其是在ZCN与CTS大分子间发生静电相互作用的基础上,主要由ZCN与CTS大分子间的疏水相互作用所引起.     

超声波-微波法制备NiW/Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂

 采用一次浸渍技术制备了NiW/Al2O3加氢脱硫(HDS)催化剂,在制备过程中采用超声波处理浸渍液,采用微波进行样品干燥. 以噻吩为模型化合物,在微反装置上评价了该催化剂的加氢脱硫活性. 使用X射线光电子能谱和透射电镜等表征手段研究了催化剂的表面状态和物化性. 结果表明,使用超声波及微波技术制备的NiW/Al2O3催化剂具有较高的加氢脱硫活性,催化剂的活性组分较易硫化,可生成更多的硫化物种参与反应. 催化剂中硫化态钨的表面原子浓度较高,从而使硫化态钨物种保持较高的表面分散度,有利于增加活性中心的数目. 该催化剂的活性中心结构具有较多配位不饱和的边缘位和棱边位,因而具有较高的加氢脱硫活性.