杂环戊二烯作为π-桥调控锌卟啉染料光电性能的理论研究

为了研究杂环戊二烯作为π?桥对锌卟啉染料光电性能的影响,在染料YD2?o?C8的基础上,通过引入含有不同杂原子的杂环戊二烯作为π?桥设计了6种新型锌卟啉染料。采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD?DFT)方法对染料的前线分子轨道、吸收光谱和电子-空穴分离特性进行研究。结果表明,与染料YD2?o?C8相比,杂环戊二烯的引入可以提升卟啉染料的光电性能,且改变杂原子可以调控卟啉染料的光电性能。对杂环戊二烯性质与卟啉染料光电性能的相关性研究发现,杂环戊二烯的最低空轨道能级与卟啉染料光电性能之间具有较好的线性关系。杂环戊二烯的接受电子能力越强,相应卟啉染料的光电性能越好。硅杂环戊二烯由于具有最强的接受电子能力而使相应的卟啉染料具有最宽的光谱吸收范围以及最强的分子内电荷转移能力。     

硅杂环戊二烯衍生物电子结构与光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP/6-31G*方法, 对2,5位取代的硅杂环戊二烯(Silole)系列衍生物进行几何结构优化, 通过计算得到电离能、电子亲和势、空穴抽取能及电子抽取能等相关能量, 并使用TD-DFT方法研究其吸收光谱, 分析相关能量及光谱的变化规律. 采用单组态相互作用(CIS/6-31G*)方法优化得到它们的最低单重激发态(S1)结构, 在此基础上, 使用TD-DFT方法计算对应的发射光谱. 分析2,5位芳基取代硅杂环戊二烯衍生物(DADPS)激发态与基态的结构差异及原因, 研究前线分子轨道的分布情况, 并讨论发光特征及载流子传输性能. 研究结果表明, 激发态结构弛豫主要发生在Silole环和直接与2,5位芳基相连的部位; 前线轨道主要分布在Silole环和2,5位芳基上; 二吡咯取代物有望成为空穴传输材料, 二噻吩取代物和二呋喃取代物有望在发光器件中表现出较高的发光效率.     

饱和、不饱和(N-杂环化)低聚硅烷的结构和光谱性质

用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)对线型(饱和N-杂环化)和(苯并N-杂环化)低聚硅烷的电子结构和吸收光谱性质以及溶剂效应进行了比较研究.对各体系的基态电子结构在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上进行了全优化,讨论了电荷分布和前线分子轨道性质.在获得基态稳定构型的基础上,用B3LYP/6-311+G(d)方法计算了电子吸收光谱的性质,探讨了主链的线型增长和溶剂对电子吸收光谱的影响.结果表明,随着主链的增长,低聚硅烷的电子结构发生明显扭曲,在(苯并N-杂环化)聚硅烷中形成了邻近苯并N-杂环之间π-π堆积作用,有利于结构的稳定.两类低聚硅烷的吸收光谱都随着主链的增长而发生明显的红移,(苯并N-杂环化)聚硅烷最大吸收光谱红移幅度要比(饱和N-杂环化)聚硅烷大得多.溶剂效应使得光谱略向短波长移动,溶剂的极性改变对吸收波长的影响不明显.     

褐煤分子片段结构电子吸收光谱的理论研究

应用不同密度泛函计算了几种代表性化合物和褐煤分子片段结构的电子吸收光谱性质,考察了结构修饰与杂环原子对电子光谱性质的影响.计算结果表明,杂化泛函B3LYP和HSEH1PBE较适合这类体系电子吸收光谱的计算,预测的吸收光谱主要出现在近紫外区,随着共轭环的增加,λmax吸收移向可见光区.当共轭支链基团通过C≡C键和分子片段模型连接时,在可见光区(460~480 nm)有非常强的吸收.杂环原子的存在及其在五元环中的位置对电子吸收光谱有显著影响,处在相对对称的位置时,前线轨道的共轭程度较高,导致λmax吸收出现较显著的红移,预测的这些分子片段光谱性质有助于理解褐煤的光响应性质.     

7-吡啶吲哚同分异体结构与电子光谱性质的理论研究

运用密度泛函理论对7-吡啶吲哚可能存在的构型进行优化,计算异构体的几何构型、电子结构、前线分子轨道;应用含时密度泛函理论计算了异构体b,c和e的电子光谱性质以及溶剂效应对光谱性质的影响.结果表明,溶剂极性的增加使b的电子光谱蓝移,而c和e的电子光谱红移,且溶剂极性对最大吸收波长影响幅度较小.前线分子轨道分析,表明该类化合物的主要吸收光谱主要对应于分子中的HOMO→LUMO电子跃迁,且为π→π*跃迁.     

对苯二甲酸二苯酯类液晶化合物光谱和二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

在密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31G*水平上计算对苯二甲酸二苯酯类液晶化合物分子的几何结构、振动光谱、电子光谱和非线性光学性质, 分析讨论端接基对其光谱与非线性光学性质的影响. 结果表明, 端接基的引入对该类分子的几何结构影响不大. 烷氧基的链长对分子振动光谱的影响很小, 端基引入CN时, C＝O的伸缩振动频率蓝移9 cm^－1. TD-DFT计算表明, 最大吸收光谱源于分子中HOMO→LUMO的p→p*跃迁, 对应的最大吸收波长值在313～375 nm之间, 属于紫外区. 端接强供电子基团可以提高分子的二阶非线性光学性质.     

一种基于苯并噻二唑衍生物的F~-荧光探针分子的理论研究

用密度泛函理论研究了最近实验上合成的一种基于苯并噻二唑衍生物的F~-荧光探针(1)的性质.通过对相关化学反应热力学参数的计算,提出了1对F~-具有高选择性的可能原因;同时用含时密度泛函理论对电子吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱进行了理论计算,解释了实验光谱.     

新颖的5,15-二(4-(5-乙酰基硫戊氧基)苯基)卟啉化合物的结构和性质的密度泛函理论计算

通过密度泛函理论计算比较性地研究了5,15-二(4-(5-乙酰基硫戊氧基)苯基)自由卟啉及其锌配合物的分子结构、电荷性质、分子轨道、电子吸收光谱和红外光谱.这类化合物具有在卟啉相对的两个中位的苯环上连有5-乙酰基硫戊氧基的新颖结构.模拟得到的这两个化合物的分子结构和电子吸收光谱以及红外光谱都与实验测得的符合得很好.通过与未取代的自由卟啉和卟啉锌的结构和性质进行比较,研究了中位取代基、极性溶剂和中心金属取代对此类卟啉化合物结构和性质的影响规律.对化合物的电子吸收光谱中的电子跃迁本质进行了归属,并通过基于正则坐标分析产生的动画对红外光谱的振动模式进行了指认.目前的工作将对理解此类新颖卟啉化合物的结构和性质以及取代基和溶剂效应提供很大的帮助.     

石墨烯分子振动模式因子群分析与密度泛函计算

运用因子群分析法对石墨烯的分子振动模式进行了理论分析,得到石墨烯的分子振动模式,计算出各振动模式的光谱特性.对所建立的石墨烯晶体的布拉维单胞模型采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理进行分子振动频率与模式的计算,所得的振动模式数目以及各振动频率的光谱特性同因子群分析方法所得结论一致.结合上述计算结果,通过系统比较石墨与石墨烯之间的红外光谱和拉曼光谱的差别,从理论上解释了具有D6h对称的石墨烯的A2u、E1u红外活性特征振动模式没有在红外光谱中出现的原因.     

醌型D-π-A类化合物AMTOE在不同溶剂中吸收和发射光谱的蓝移现象

采用连续介质模型(PCM)以及明确/连续的混合溶剂模型,运用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法,研究了溶剂极性对D-π-A类两性离子化合物1-(4-aza-4-methylphenyl)-2-trans-(4-oxyphenyl)ethane(AMTOE)分子几何、电子结构以及光谱性质的影响.计算结果表明,随着溶剂极性和超分子簇大小的增加,AMTOE基态(S0)分子几何从醌式结构向芳式结构转化.从基态(S0)到激发态(S1),化合物AMTOE醌式结构增强.从弱极性的氯仿溶液到强极性的水溶液,AMTOE分子的吸收光谱和发射光谱均发生蓝移,并且吸收光谱的蓝移程度大于发射光谱的蓝移程度,与实验现象定性一致.吸收光谱和发射光谱发生蓝移的原因是随着溶剂极性增强,HOMO轨道能级与LUMO轨道能级之间的能隙增大.对于具有明显电荷转移的AMTOE分子的溶剂化显色效应,长程矫正的含时密度泛函TD-CAM-B3LYP方法比传统的含时密度泛函TD-B3LYP方法更为合理.另外,明确/连续的混合溶剂模型能更好的描述该类体系在强极性溶剂中的溶剂化显色效应.     

Structural,Electronic and Optical Properties of Multifunctional Iridium(III) and Platinum(II) Metallophosphors for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

An elaborated theoretical investigation on the optical and electronic properties of three fluorene‐based platinum(II) and iridium(III) cyclometalated complexes Pt‐a , Ir‐a and Ir‐b is reported. The geometric and electronic structures of the complexes in the ground state are studied with density functional theory and Hartree Fock approaches, while the lowest triplet excited states are optimized by singles configuration interaction (CIS) methods. At the time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) level, molecular absorption and emission properties were calculated on the basis of optimized ground‐ and excited‐state geometries, respectively. The computational results show that the appearance of triphenylamino (TPA) moiety at the 9‐position of fluorene ring favors the hole‐creation and leads to red‐shifts of absorption and emission spectra. Moreover, Pt‐a and Ir‐b are nice hole‐transporting materials whereas Ir‐a has good charge‐transfer balance, which render them useful for the realization of efficient OLEDs (Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes).     

In2O3电子结构与光学性质的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法, 计算了In2O3电子结构和光学线性响应函数, 系统研究了In2O3电子结构与光学性质的内在关系. 利用计算的能带结构和态密度分析了带间跃迁占主导地位的In2O3材料的能量损失函数、介电函数、反射图谱, 根据电荷密度差分图分析了In2O3材料的化学和电学特性. 研究结果表明In2O3光学透过率在可见光范围内高达85%, 可作为优异的透明导电薄膜材料. 同时, 计算结果为我们制备基于In2O3透明导电材料的设计与大规模应用提供了理论依据, 也为监测和控制这一类透明导电材料的生长过程提供了可能性.     

Optical and photophysical properties of indolocarbazole derivatives

We present a study of the optical and photophysical properties of five ladder indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles, namely, M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5. The ground-state optimized structures were obtained by B3LYP/6-31G* density functional theory (DFT) calculations, whereas the optimization (relaxation) of the first singlet excited electronic state (S1) was performed using the restricted configuration interaction (singles) (RCIS/6-31G*) approach. The excitation to the S1 state does not cause important changes in the geometrical parameters of the compounds, as corroborated by the small Stokes shifts. The excitation and emission energies have been obtained by employing the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). For all the compounds, excitation to the S1 state is weakly allowed, whereas the S2 <-- S0 electronic transition of each oligomer possesses a much larger oscillator strength. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the compounds have been recorded in chloroform. A reasonable agreement is obtained between TDDFT vertical transition energies and the (0,0) absorption and fluorescence bands. On one hand, the pattern of the aliphatic side chains does not affect the absorption and fluorescence maxima of the compounds. On the other hand, the replacement of aliphatic chains by phenyl or thiophene rings induces hypsochromic shifts in the absorption and fluorescence spectra. Finally, the fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime of the compounds in chloroform have been obtained. From these data, the radiative and nonradiative rate constants of the deactivation of the S1 state have been determined.     

Vibronic absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence spectra of psoralen: a quantum chemical investigation

Excited state potential energy hypersurfaces of 7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one (psoralen) have been explored employing (time-dependent) Kohn-Sham density functional theory. At selected points, we have determined electronic excitation energies and electric dipole (transition) moments utilizing a combined density functional/multireference configuration interaction method. Spin-orbit coupling has been taken into account employing an efficient, non-empirical spin-orbit mean-field Hamiltonian. Franck-Condon factors have been computed for vibrational modes with large displacements in the respective Dushinsky transformations. The simulated band spectra closely resemble experimental band shapes and thus validate the theoretically determined nuclear structures at the S(0), S(1), and T(1) minima. In the S(1) (pi(HOMO)-->pi*(LUMO)) state, the lactone bond of the pyrone ring is significantly elongated. From excited vibrational levels of the S(1) state a conical intersection between a (pi-->sigma*) excited state and the electronic ground state may be energetically accessible. Fast non-radiative decay via this relaxation pathway could explain the low fluorescence quantum yield of psoralen. The T(1) (pi(HOMO-1)-->pi*(LUMO)) exhibits a diradicaloid electronic structure with a broken C(5)-C(6) double bond in the pyrone ring. A variational multireference spin-orbit configuration interaction procedure yields a phosphorescence lifetime of 3 s, in excellent agreement with experimental estimates.     

A theoretical, spectroscopic, and photophysical study of 2,7-carbazolenevinylene-based conjugated derivatives

A combined theoretical and experimental study of the structure, optical, and photophysical properties of four 2,7-carbazolenevinylene-based derivatives in solution is presented. Geometry optimizations of the ground states of PCP, PCP-CN, TCT, and TCT-CN were carried out using the density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP/6-31G*). It is found that PCP and TCT are nearly planar in their ground electronic states (S0), whereas the cyano derivatives are more twisted. The nature and the energy of the first singlet-singlet electronic transitions have been obtained from time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations performed on the optimized geometries. For all the compounds, excitation to the S1 state corresponds mainly to the promotion of one electron from the highest-occupied molecular orbital to the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital, and the S1 <-- S0 electronic transition is strongly allowed and polarized along the long axis of the molecular frame. The optimization (relaxation) of the first singlet excited electronic state (S1) has been done using the restricted configuration interaction (singles) (RCIS/6-31G*) approach. It is observed that all four investigated compounds become more planar in their S1 relaxed excited state. Electronic transition energies from the relaxed excited states have been obtained from TDDFT calculations performed on the S1-optimized geometries. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the carbazolenevinylenes have been recorded in chloroform. A good agreement is obtained between TDDFT vertical transitions energies and the (0,0) absorption and fluorescence bands. The change from phenylene to thiophene rings as well as the incorporation of cyano substituents induce bathochromic shifts in the absorption and fluorescence spectra. From the analysis of the energy of the frontier molecular orbitals, it is believed that thiophene rings and CN substituents induce some charge-transfer character to the first electronic transition, which is responsible for the red shifts observed. Finally, the fluorescence quantum yield and the lifetime of the compounds in chloroform have been obtained. In sharp contrast with many oligothiophenes, it is observed that TCT possesses a high fluorescence quantum yield. On the other hand, the CN-containing derivatives exhibit much lower fluorescence quantum yields, probably due to the combined influence of steric effects and charge-transfer interactions caused by the cyano groups.     

Investigation of the structure, the optical properties, and the photophysics of some indolocarbazoles having terminal aromatic rings

Structures, optical properties, and photophysics of ladder indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles substituted symmetrically by phenylene and thiophene rings have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The ground state optimized structures were obtained using the density functional theory (DFT) as approximated by the B3LYP functional and employing the 6-31G^* basis set. All derivatives were found nonplanar in their electronic ground states. The character and the energy of the singlet–singlet electronic transitions have been investigated by applying the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to the correspondingly optimized-ground-state geometries. The ab initio restricted configuration interaction (singles) method (RCIS/6-31G^*) was adopted to obtain the first singlet excited-state structures (S₁) of the molecule. TDDFT calculations performed on the S₁ optimized geometries was used to obtain emission energies. UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopies were analyzed in conjunction with theoretical calculations. The computed excitation and emission energies were found in reasonable agreement with the experimental absorption and fluorescence spectra. Finally, the photophysical behavior of the indolocarbazoles have been studied by means of steady state and time resolved fluorescence. The overall data have allowed the determination of the rate constants for the radiative and nonradiative decay processes. Both theoretical and experimental data show that the replacement of phenylene rings by thiophene units induces a red shift in the absorption and fluorescence spectra. This behavior is interpreted in terms of the electron donor properties of the thiophene ring. On the other hand, the change of the substitutional pattern, from 2,8 to 3,9, causes a significant hypsochromic shift of the absorption and fluorescence bands.     

Unraveling the Electronic Structure,Spin States,Optical and Vibrational Spectra of Malaria Pigment

A detailed knowledge of the electronic structure and magnetic and optical properties of hemozoin, the malaria pigment, is essential for the design of effective antimalarial drugs and malarial diagnosis. By employing state‐of‐the‐art electronic structure calculations, we have performed an in‐depth investigation of the malaria pigment. Specifically, molecular bond lengths and spin states of the two Fe^III heme centers and their exchange interaction, the UV/Vis absorption spectrum, and the IR vibrational spectra were calculated and compared with available experimental data. Our density functional theory (DFT)‐based calculations predict a singlet ground spin state that stems from an S=5/2 spin state on each of the Fe heme centers with a very weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between them. Our theoretical UV/Vis and IR spectra provide explanations for various spectroscopic studies of hemozoin and β‐hematin (a synthetic analogue of hemozoin). A good comparison of calculated and measured properties demonstrates the convincing unveiling of the electronic structure of the malaria pigment. Based on the predicted vibrational spectra, we propose a unique spectral band from the nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) results that could be used as a key fingerprint for malarial detection.     

黄铜矿型半导体材料CuAlX2 (X=S,Se, Te)的电子结构和光学性质

采用基于赝势平面波基组的密度泛函理论方法,研究具有黄铜矿结构的CuAlX2(X=S,Se,Te)晶体的电子结构,并预测了它们的线性和非线性光学性质.结果表明:这些化合物具有相似的能带结构,带隙随X原子从S→Se→Te依次减小.三种晶体的静态介电常数、静态折射率和静态倍频系数d36的变化情况与带隙的变化相反,随着X原子自S→Se→Te改变依次递增,但静态双折射率依次递减.该系列化合物的倍频效应主要来源于价带顶附近的占据能带向以Al和X原子的p电子态为主要成分的空带之间的跃迁.在三种晶体中,CuAlTe2除静态双折射率偏小外,其它光学性能要优于CuAlS2和CuAlSe2.     

闪锌矿MTe (M=Zn/Mg)的几何结构、弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)框架下广义梯度近似(GGA)平面波超软赝势(PP-PW)方法, 计算了闪锌矿型MTe (M=Zn/Mg)的几何结构、弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质. 同时采用杂化密度泛函调准了带隙. 结果表明, 立方相ZnTe和MgTe均为直接带隙半导体材料. 所得晶格参数、弹性常数及体模量与实验数据基本吻合. 由弹性常数推导出ZnTe、MgTe的德拜温度分别为758、585 K. 研究了MTe的复介电函数、折射率、反射率和能量损失系数等光学性质, 并基于电子能带结构和态密度对光学性质进行了解释.