球形Gd2O3∶Eu纳米发光材料的制备

Spherical nanometer Gd₂O₃∶Eu luminescent materials were prepared by homogeneous precipitation method, and the properties were studied also. TG, FTIR and XRD analysis showed that the precursor was carbonate, the cubic Gd₂O₃was obtained after calcination. TEM photographs indicated that the samples were spherical and well dispersed with nanometer and submicrometer size of 200～300 nm which is the nanoparticles’ aggregate. The mechanics of agglomerating growth is also discussed. ED photograph showed that the particle was crystalline. The PL analysis exhibited that CTB band of nanometer Gd₂O₃∶Eu was of 17 nm red shift to bulk materials, and the emission peak was broadened due to the surface and interface effect of nanocrystals.     

溶胶-凝胶涂附电纺纳米纤维制备ZrO2纳米管

Stable zirconia sol was prepared using inorganic salt(zirconia chloride octahydrate) as the precursor and H₂O₂ as the catalyst. ZrO₂-PBS coaxial nanofibers were fabricated using the sol-gel coating technique to filling poly butylenes succinate(PBS) fibers with zirconium dioxide by electrospun. ZrO₂ nanotubes were obtained via calcining ZrO₂-PBS coaxial nanofibers. The ZrO₂ nanotubes were characterized by TG, SEM and TEM, respectively. The results show that ZrO₂ nanotubes with a diameter of 50～100 nm are obtained after calcining ZrO₂-PBS coaxial nanofibers at 450 ℃.     

A Study on the Effects of Carrier Gases on the Structure and Morphology of Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Pyrolysis of Ferrocene and C2H2 Mixture

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were prepared using different carrier gases, with ferrocene as the catalyst precusor and acetylene as the carbon source. The effects of ammonia and nitrogen as carrier gases on the structure and morphology of CNTs were investigated. Transmission electron microscope （TEM）, high-resolution electron microscope （HRTEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were employed to characterize the products and the catalyst. Experiment results show that the CNTs grown in N2 gas exhibited cylindrical and tubular structure, while a bamboo-like structure was observed for the CNTs grown in NH3 gas. Moreover, vertically aligned CNTs were obtained on an A12O3 disk when NH3 was used as the carrier gas. The carrier gas also exerted influence on the shape of the catalyst. Based on the theory of active centers of catalysis and combined with the particle shape of the catalyst, a growth model for the vertically aligned CNTs on the substrate is given.     

BaxCe0.8Y0.2O3-α固体电解质的氧离子导电性

Ba_xCe_0.8Y_0.2O_3-α(x=1.03，1，0.98) solid electrolyte samples show a single phase of orthorhombic perovskite of BaCeO₃. The oxide-ion conduction and transport number were detected in the temperature of 600～1000℃ by electrochemical oxygen permeation (oxygen pumping)， and compared with the results from the oxygen concentration cell. The relation between the ingredient of Ba and oxide-ion conduction was also researched. It was found that these electrolytes exhibited the mixed oxide-ionic and electronic hole conduction under the experimental temperature and oxygen gas. The oxide-ion transport numbers are 0.1～0.6， which are close to the results of the oxygen con-centration cell. They increase as the decrease of Ba content in the samples.     

微波合成PtRu/C纳米催化剂及其对甲醇电化学氧化性能

PtRu/carbon nanosized catalyst with PtRu loading of 26.4wt% (Rt∶Ru=1.0∶1.0～1.1) was rapidly synthesized by the microwave polyol process employing the ethylene glycol solution of H₂PtCl₆ and RuCl₃ as precursors in the presence of XC-72 carbon support. TEM observations demonstrated that microwave-prepared PtRu nanoparticles were narrowly distributed and highly dispersed on the carbon with an average size of 3.9 nm. Electrochemical experiments showed that microwave-synthesized PtRu/carbon catalyst exhibited very high catalytic activity for electro-oxidation of liquid methanol at room temperature.     

MoS2纳米管包覆单壁碳纳米管束的制备

MoS₂ nanotube coated SWNT (Single wall carbon nanotube) bundles have been successfully prepared by adsorbing (NH₄)₂MoS₄ onto SWNT bundles and subsequent heat treatment under H₂ at 900 ℃ in a tube furnace. The morphologies, structure and composition of the as-prepared sample were investigated by XRD, SEM, HRTEM coupled with EDS. The formation mechanism has also been preliminarily discussed.     

碱土金属掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂的制备与光催化活性的评价

The nanometer TiO₂ were prepared by the hydrolyze-gel method and fellowed by doping alkaline-earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba). XRD, SEM, diffuse reflection spectra were used to investigate their characteristices. The result indicates that the average particles size of the TiO₂ is about 80 nm and keep uniformity in distributing. The product was mainly anatase in 300～400 ℃ calcinations, the einstein shift of absorption spectrum was observed after doping the alkaline-earth metals. The best mole percentages of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba are 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 1.5% respectively. Under the same reaction conditions, it is more effective to the UV-catalyed degradation reaction that the catalysts containing Mg and Ca were calcined at 300 ℃ for 1h or containing Sr and Ba were calcined at 400 ℃ for 1 h. The photocatalystic activity is considerably depondent on pH and the concentration of the oxidant. Using the sunlight to do the degradation experimental, the result also show that the doping catalysts has higher degradation efficiency than that of pure TiO₂.     

Novel preparation of NaA/carbon nanocomposite thin films with high permeance for CO2/CH4 separation

Novel NaA/carbon nanocomposite thin films were successfully prepared on a porous a-Al2O3 substrate by incorporatingnanosized NaA zeolite into novolak-type phenolic resin.The prepared films were characterized by XRD,SEM and single gaspermeation tests.The NaA zeolite/carbon nanocomposite thin films exhibited that the ideal separation factor of CO2/CH4 was 28.4and the carbon dioxide flux was 3.39*10-7mol/(Pa m2s)at room temperature and under a pressure difference of 100 kPa,whichwas two orders of magnitude higher than that of pure carbon membrane prepared at the same procedures and conditions as those ofcomposite films.From the SEM images,the films were continuous and highly intergrown.Compared with carbon membranes,thethickness of nanocomposite films was drastically decreased,which was helpful to reduce the diffusion resistance and increase theflux of gas permeance.     

Li4Ti5O12溶胶-凝胶法合成及其机理研究

The precursors of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ were prepared from tetrabutyl titanate and lithium acetate by sol-gel process. The Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ samples were synthesized by calcining the gel precursors at 400～900 ℃ in air for 6～20 h. Its reaction mechanism was investigated by infrared spectroscopy(IR), thermogravimetry(TG) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The effects of sinter-temperature, calcination-time and thermal-treatment for the products were discussed. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that the single-phase products were obtained by calcining the gel precursors at 800 ℃ in air for 20 h, the sinter-temperature was lower than that of solid-state method, the particles were narrowly distributed, well crystallized with a size range from 0.3μm to 0.5 μm.     

电镀烧结法制备Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4电极的研究

The Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₄ electrode has been prepared by the electroplate-sinter method. The effect of SbCl₃ adding amount and sintering temperature on its electrode lifetime and oxygen evolution potential were investigated by means of EDX, SEM and XRD analysis. The results indicated that the electrode appeared the best performance when the SbCl₃ adding amounts was 0.2g and the sintering temperature was 550℃. In optimized conditions Ti substrate was entirely covered by SnO₂-Sb₂O₄ and the combinations among them were tight. Due to the use of electroplate method, the electrical conductivity, the oxygen evolution potential and the electrode lifetime were increased, so the elec-tro-catalytic activity and the electrochemical stability of the prepared electrode were found to be superior.     

Cu-Ni/La2O3热解C2H2制备碳纳米管的研究

Nano-sized and well-dispersed Cu-Ni/La₂O₃ can be obtained by reduction of LaCu_0.2Ni_0.8O₃ with the structure of perovskite. Using Cu-Ni/La₂O₃ as catalyst and C₂H₂ as carbon source, carbon nanotubes with a high yield and narrow diameter distribution can be obtained in the reaction temperature range of 650～700℃. Outer diameter of carbon nanotubes rangs from 9nm to 14nm. TG, Raman and XPS analysis indicate that carbon nanotubes prepared by Cu-Ni/La₂O₃ are relatively higher in graphitic degree.     

正极材料Li_(0.99)Nb_(0.01)Fe_(1-x)Mg_xPO_4/C的制备及电化学性能的研究

采用两步固相反应合成了锂、铁双位掺杂的锂离子电池正极材料Li0.99Nb0.01Fe1-xMgxPO4/C(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及恒电流充放电测试,研究了复合材料的晶体结构、形貌以及电化学性能。实验结果表明,制备的Li0.99Nb0.01Fe1-xMgxPO4/C(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)为纯相,掺杂适量的Nb5+、Mg2+离子可减小材料的晶粒尺寸,当Nb离子掺杂量为1mol%、Mg离子掺杂量为3mol%时,Li0.99Nb0.01Fe0.97Mg0.03PO4/C的电化学性能最佳。室温下,0.2C、1C、2C、4C(1C=170mA·g-1)倍率充放电其首次放电比容量分别为153.7、149.7、144.6、126.4mAh·g-1,即使在8C倍率下放电其放电比容量也有92.2mAh·g-1,并表现出良好的循环性能。     

Carbon deposition on a Ni/α-Al2O3 catalyst

The kinetics of carbon deposition over a Ni/α-Al₂O₃ commercial catalyst, has been studied using CH₄−H₂ gas mixtures in the range of 748–873 K. A Hougen-Watson type model gives good agreement with the experimental rates.     

C/g-C3N4/MoS2复合材料的制备及光催化性能

首先以尿素和葡萄糖为前驱体,通过热缩合方法制备了C/g-C₃N₄,然后利用溶剂热法合成C/g-C₃N₄/MoS₂三元复合材料。通过不同的手段对其进行了表征,结果表明,与C/g-C₃N₄相比,该三元复合材料不仅具有更强的光吸收性能和更大的表面积,而且更有利于电子的转移。同时对其可见光催化降解甲基橙性能进行研究,结果发现,C/g-C₃N₄/MoS₂-2.0%复合材料(含有质量分数为2.0%的MoS₂)表现出最高的反应速率常数(0.0086 min^-1),分别为g-C₃N₄/MoS₂-2.0%(0.0015 min^-1)和C/g-C₃N₄(0.0036min^-1)的5.7倍和2.3倍。     

碳螺旋纤维/MnO2复合材料的电化学性能

利用电泳沉积法(EPD)制备碳螺旋纤维基MnO_2@CMC复合材料,采用电子扫描电镜、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其形貌和结构进行表征并测试其电容性能,结果显示:当电位差扫描速率为5 m V·s-1时,充放电容量较高,可达115F·g-1,在0.2 A·g-1的扫描电流下,循环200圈后电容量为96.7 F·g-1,为起始电容量的89.5%,表现出良好的电容保持率和循环稳定性。     

Fe/La2O3纳米催化剂制备碳纳米管

Nanocrystalline LaFeO₃ was synthesised by the citrate method with La(NO₃)₃·6H₂O,Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O and citric acid as the raw materials. Before and after reduction, its structure was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). And after reduction of LaFeO₃ oxide, the rare earth oxide, La₂O₃, prevents Fe particles from agglomerating and promotes the dispersion of nano-scale Fe particles (ca.40nm), which is one of the key factors for the growth of carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotubes from the catalytic de-composition of C₂H₂ were obtained using Fe/La₂O₃ nano-scale catalyst, which was formed from LaFeO₃ oxide as the catalyst precursor. The morphological structures of the carbon nanotube obtained have been examined by TEM. The results indicate that they are multi-walled nanotubes of good quality with inter diameter ranging from 20～25nm and length ranging from 25～40μm. The yields of carbon nanotube are 1.25g·gcat^-1 at the reaction temperature of 973K for 30min.     

Composite Pd/Pr4O7/C catalysts: Synthesis, dispersity and properties

The catalysts prepared sequentiallyvia the interaction of C₃H₅PdC₅H₅ with the surface of evacuated Pr₄O₇/C and reduction with H₂ at 573 K, contain 20–30 Pd particles and Pr₄O₇ particles<20 . The catalysts obtained have two-order of magnitude higher specific activity in the CH₃OH synthesis than Pd/C.     

水热法合成纳米氧化铪及碳/氧化铪核壳结构纳米复合粉体的研究

Nano-sized HfO₂, C and C/HfO₂ powders obtained through hydrothermal process have been investigated by XRD, TEM and FTIR, and Different precursors, namely Hafnium(Ⅱ) oleate and Hafnium(Ⅱ) hydroxide derived from homogeneous precipitation method, have been chosen for the synthesis of nanometric HfO₂ via hydrothermal process. The results indicate that using the former material as the precursor under identically hydrothermal process can yield finer HfO₂ nanoparticles, compared to using the latter. Nano-sized Carbon of about 100 nm with square morphology and narrow size distribution can be obtained through hydrothermal reaction of sucrose solution at 200 ℃ for 6 h. The addition of as-synthesised Carbon nanoparticles into the hydrothermal process of HfO₂ powder can produce C/HfO₂ composite powders with core-shell structure.     

基于二氧化钛/碳纳米管/壳聚糖纳米复合薄膜制备葡萄糖生物传感器

利用壳聚糖(CHI)溶液分散了纳米二氧化钛(nano-TiO2)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT),将该分散液修饰于玻碳电极表面形成纳米复合薄膜;用戊二醛为交联剂在该纳米复合层上固定了葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx),同时以二茂铁为电子媒介体构建了一种新型葡萄糖传感器。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、交流阻抗(AC)对所制备的传感器进行了表征,同时用循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流法(CA)考察了其对葡萄糖的电催化氧化性能。实验结果表明,在优化测试条件下该传感器对葡萄糖在0.5～20.0 mmol.L-1范围内有线性响应,检出限为0.2 mmol.L-1;电流达到95%的稳态时间小于5 s;此生物传感器具有良好的重现性和选择性,能有效排除抗坏血酸、尿酸等常见干扰物的影响并成功应用于饮料中葡萄糖含量的测定。     

碳纳米管负载的Fe2O3催化剂制备

Carbon nanotubes were modified by FeSO₄-H₂O₂ system, iron hydroxides were adsorbed on the wall of carbon nanotubes simultaneously. These precursors were treated at 723K for 2 h under hydrogen, nitrogen and air atmosphere to prepare carbon nanotubes supported γ-Fe₂O₃catalyst, γ-Fe₂O₃and α-Fe₂O₃compound catalyst and amorphous Fe₂O₃catalyst, respectively. This is green method to prepare high Fe₂O₃loading (≥50 %) catalyst without adding other cation. The different structures Fe₂O₃catalysts can be synthesized by controlling the condition of thermal treatment to content active phase requirements for different catalytic reactions. The paper presents a new method to prepare carbon nanotubes supported catalysts.