有机氟化合物量子化学研究 Ⅰ.二氟乙炔分子中化学键特性的从头计算

实验发现,F—C≡C—F与H—C≡C—H相比,其C≡C三重键的离解能要小250.8kJ/mol,而该键的键长却比C_2H_2的短。这与“键越短键就越强”的传统看法不一致。我们通过从头计算研究,发现主要原因是C_2F_2分子中F原子的孤对电子对C≡C三重键起反键作用,从而削弱了G≡C三重键的强度;F原子的吸电子性又使C的原子轨道收缩效应增强,而使得C≡C三重键变短。     

有机氟化合物量子化学研究 I: 二氟乙炔分子中化学键特性的从头计算

实验发现, F-C≡C-F与H-C≡C-H相比, 其C≡C三重键的离解能要小250.8kJ/mol,而该键的键长却比C~2H~2的短。这与"键越短键就越强"的传统看法不一致。我们通过从头计算研究, 发现主要原因是C~2F~2分子中F原子的孤对电子对C≡C三重键起反键作用, 从而削弱了C≡C三重键的强度; F原子的吸电子性又使C的原子轨道收缩效应增强,而使得C≡C三重键变短。     

有机氟化合物量子化学研究 I: 二氟乙炔分子中化学键特性的从头计算

实验发现, F-C≡C-F与H-C≡C-H相比, 其C≡C三重键的离解能要小250.8kJ/mol,而该键的键长却比C~2H~2的短。这与"键越短键就越强"的传统看法不一致。我们通过从头计算研究, 发现主要原因是C~2F~2分子中F原子的孤对电子对C≡C三重键起反键作用, 从而削弱了C≡C三重键的强度; F原子的吸电子性又使C的原子轨道收缩效应增强,而使得C≡C三重键变短。     

新型催化剂Mo配合物催化乙烯加氢反应的机理

采用密度泛函B3LYP方法,对新型催化剂MoX2(X=O,S,Se)催化C_2H_4加氢反应机理进行了研究.结果表明MoX2对C_2H_4加氢有较好的催化作用,主要包括2种反应途径.以MoS2为例,先活化H—H键再与C_2H_4反应(先形成MoX2-H_2中间体,R1)和先活化CC键再与H_2反应(先形成MoX2-C_2H_4中间体,R2和R3).第二种途径包括H_2从催化剂同侧(R3)和异侧(R2)攻击C_2H_4.路径R1和R3活化能比无催化剂条件下低311.62~318.85kJ/mol,具有明显的能量优势,其中,路径R3活化能最低,为24.33kJ/mol,表明该反应最容易进行.电子结构分析表明MoX2能够削弱H—H和C=C的强度,降低H_2和C_2H_4的轨道能级,使C_2H_4加氢更容易进行.     

尿酸质子转移反应的理论研究I——分子内质子转移研究

使用量子化学中的Hartree-Fock方法和密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法，分别在3－21G^*和6－31G（d)水平上，计算了尿酸分子从三羰基异构体向三羟基异构体的转化。结果表明，转化过程经历了单羟基和双羟基异构体2种中间物和3种过渡态时的分子内质子转移（IPT），转移中的H原邻近的N，O和C原子形成了具有四元环结构的过渡态。随着IPT的进行，N－H键逐渐被削弱和断裂，O－H键则逐渐生成。3个反应的活化能分别为190.3kJ/mol,181.4kJ/mol和249.9kJ/mol(B3LYP/6-31G(d))。较高的活化能表明在室温下，无催化剂的IPT难以进行。     

全氟萘烷的化学还原与电化学还原

全氟碳化合物 ( PFCs)是分子中与碳原子相连的氢 (官能团中的除外 )全部被氟原子取代的有机氟化合物 .由于氟元素的电负性最大 ,所以 C— F键的键能很大 ( 4 80～ 5 30 k J/mol) ;PFCs与相应的碳氢化合物相比 ,C— F键的键长 ( 0 .1 3nm)与 C— H键的键长 ( 0 .1 nm)接近 ,而且氟原子的范德华半径( 0 .1 5 nm)与氢原子的范德华半径 ( 0 .1 2 nm)也非常接近 ,所以当碳氢化合物中的氢原子被氟原子取代而形成全氟碳化合物后 ,结构上不会发生太大的变化 [1] ;但是全氟碳化合物的物理化学性质与原来碳氢化合物的物理化学性质有显著差异 ,表…     

石油胶质结构性质的量子化学研究

采用量子化学AM1方法对石油胶质进行了优化计算，得到石油胶质单层结构SG、双层结构DG和三层结构TG的优化构型和分子间作用能。结果表明，石油胶质的稠环芳烃和脂环部分大体为平面结构，支链部分也伸展在平面上。分子中稠环、脂环和侧链中的C—C键长均分别比单独苯环、脂肪环和烷烃的C—C键短。侧链中的C—C键比芳环和脂环的C—C键弱，在催化剂的作用下将优先裂解。重叠形成DG和TG后，键长、键角和电荷略有变化。胶质分子的极性基团间存在氢键作用，DG和TG分子间的作用能分别为－22.8416kJ/mol和－43.8455kJ/mol。双层胶质DG和三层胶质TG结构的体积较大，难以扩散到分子筛催化剂的孔道内。     

甲醛与乙醛,甲醚,硝基甲烷相互作用的从头算研究

用6-31G、全构型优化,研究了甲醛与乙醛、甲醚、硝基甲烷的相互作用。结果表明所有超分子稳定构型都包含2个C—H—O氢键的平面环状结构。H—O距离为0.228～0.264 nm,作用能为—19～—24 kJ/mol,与二聚水的作用能接近。稳定性主要取决于甲基上取代基Y吸电子能力以及环状结构中氢键张力。STO-3G不很适用于研究这类分子的相互作用。     

低温基质隔离红外光谱和从头算研究CF~2O...IF

在10K Ar和Xe基质中测得CF_2O…IF的两种分子间配合物A和B的红外光谱,观察到A和B之间的异构化反应.采用量子化学从头计算,在MP_2/LANL2DZ水平上计算得到A和B的平衡构型的结构参数和振动频率.IF与CF_2O的相互作用引起CF_2O的C(?)O双键伸长、C—F键缩短,导致v_C=O的红移和V_(CF_2)的蓝移.由势能曲线可看出,A的势能比B高23kJ/mol,表明B比A稳定,升温能够发生A向B的转化.     

分子内C—H键胺化反应机理的DFT研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了溴化亚铁催化芳基叠氮化物C—H键胺化生成苯并咪唑的反应机理.研究结果表明,溴化亚铁催化剂使反应由协同机理转变为分步机理,反应活化能降低了大约167kJ/mol.催化反应由氮气消去、C—N形成和2H-苯并咪唑异构化3个基元步骤组成.其中金属亚胺/金属氮烯FeNR PhNCPh进攻C形成C—N键是无能垒过程,且与金属氮烯中氮的电荷密切相关.氮气消去与2H-苯并咪唑异构化反应的能垒均在41~54kJ/mol之间.     

鸟嘌呤与氨基酸残基体系的极化力场

发展了应用于鸟嘌呤G和氨基酸残基体系的浮动电荷力场, 该力场明确定义了孤对电子和键的电荷和位置, 通过电荷随着环境的浮动来体现极化效应; 通过氢键拟合函数k_HB描绘了氢键键能. 应用量子化学方法, 对G与氨基酸残基体系从氢键、 几何结构及电荷分布3个方面展开计算及分析, 并以其为基准, 确定参数发展了适用于G与氨基酸残基氢键体系的ABEEMσπ PFF. 采用3种不同力场模拟目标分子的结构和性质. 模拟结果表明, 发展的ABEEMσπ PFF与量子化学方法具有最好的一致性, 可用于模拟生物大分子体系.     

An electronic structure perspective of the promoter modes in proton transfer reactions

The changes in the electronic structure are analyzed along the IRC of proton transfer reactions in two model systems, formic acid dimer and cyclic HF trimer. The IRC consists of three regions. In the first region, the two units between which a proton is exchanged approach each other. The vibrational mode associated with this movement is called the promoter mode. Computational evidence is provided to suggest that during this period the electrons in the lone pair of the acceptor atom delocalize significantly into the antibonding orbital of the covalent bond between the donor and hydrogen atoms. This reduces the barrier to the proton transfer. The force constants associated with the migrating protons also decrease as a result of the delocalization of lone pair electrons into the σ* orbital, and the associated stretching vibrational frequencies decrease along the IRC up to the transition state. In the second part of the IRC, the proton migration occurs. Finally, the two monomers retreat to the new equilibrium positions. On the basis of this, it is suggested that the role of the promoter mode is to enhance the flow of the lone pair electrons into the σ* orbital such that the barrier to the actual proton migration comes down. This can be used to identify them.     

原子簇化合物的键价分析

根据原子簇化合物骨架的价电子结构及与配位体成键的性质,在确定原子簇骨架中存在的空轨道或孤对电子轨道数目后,按骨架价电子数目在骨架价成键轨道中的具体分配,推导了原子簇骨架的总键价数。再结合分子的几何构型,可以估计骨架中相邻原子间的成键情况。     

Explaining the effects of T-O-T bond angles on NMR chemical shifts in aluminosilicates: A natural bonding orbital (NBO) and natural chemical shielding (NCS) analysis

It has long been recognized that the 29Si and 27Al NMR chemical shifts for aluminosilicate crystals and glasses correlate to some extent with the T-O-T bond angle (where T is the tetrahedral atom Si or Al). With increasing T-O-T bond angle, the 29Si and 27Al NMR shieldings increase and the shifts thus become more negative. This result has been demonstrated both experimentally and through quantum computations. However, no simple qualitative explanation has ever been given for what appears to be a simple qualitative trend. We here provide such an explanation based upon quantum calculations. We have used high level ab initio NMR shielding calculations, natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis, and natural chemical shielding (NCS) analysis, performed on model clusters with different T-O-T angles, to obtain an explanation for this trend from an electronic structure point of view. On the basis of both NBO populations and the NCS analysis, the following factors account for the correlation of shift with T-O-T angle: (1) a slight increase in population of the Al-O and Si-O bond orbital electrons and a dramatic change in bond orbital shapes and hybridization (with more s character and less bond bending as the T-O-T angle increases), (2) a movement of one of the lone pairs on O toward the vicinity of the Si or Al as the T-O-T angle increases, and (3) a change in the shielding contribution from the core 2p electrons of Al or Si. The changes in the 17O NMR shift with T-O-T angle are more complex, and the shifts are also more strongly influenced by distant atoms, but some systematic changes in O lone pair contributions can be identified.     

The hydrogen bond in ice probed by soft x-ray spectroscopy and density functional theory

We combine photoelectron and x-ray absorption spectroscopy with density functional theory to derive a molecular orbital picture of the hydrogen bond in ice. We find that the hydrogen bond involves donation and back-donation of charge between the oxygen lone pair and the O-H antibonding orbitals on neighboring molecules. Together with internal s-p rehybridization this minimizes the repulsive charge overlap of the connecting oxygen and hydrogen atoms, which is essential for a strong attractive electrostatic interaction. Our joint experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that an electrostatic model based on only charge induction from the surrounding medium fails to properly describe the internal charge redistributions upon hydrogen bonding.     

镁卟啉与氮、氧杂环化合物的相互作用

以镁卟啉为主体化合物,模拟了生物体内常见的氮、氧杂环客体与主体化合物之间的相互作用.研究结果表明:镁卟啉与氮、氧杂环化合物的相互作用引起了镁卟啉中的镁原子与卟吩环不共面,且二面角越小不共面程度越大.自然键轨道(NBO)理论分析表明氮、氧孤对电子和金属镁的空孤对轨道的相互作用对复合物的稳定性贡献很大.使用约化密度梯度(RDG)函数等值面图和散点图可视化分析了配位相互作用和周边氢键作用的位置及强度.概念密度泛函(DFT)理论参数表明所形成的复合物比主体化合物的热力学稳定性小而反应活性高.芳香性计算表明含氧杂环客体与主体的相互作用使复合物中的卟吩环具有反芳香性,而含氮杂环客体与主体的相互作用使复合物中卟吩环呈现区域性芳香性.     

Computational studies of small (AlP)N clusters

We have carried out extensive LDA calculations to investigate the structures of small (AlP)_N clusters.We find that the polarity of the Al-P bond has a significant effect on the cluster geometries and that the need to minimize electrostatic repulsion between relatively diffuse lone pair electrons on phosphorous atoms is a dominant energetic consideration in the structural arrangement.     

EXPERIMENTAL ELECTRON DENSITY ANALYSIS OF MILLERITE

The millerite is of mineral--crystallographic and structure-chemical interest because ofits unusual coordinate number and distances. The experimental electron density distributionof millerite has been determined from high resolution X--ray diffraction data. According tothe distribution of lone pair electrons and their long distances from the nucleus of Ni andS atoms, we suggest that there are multiple coordinate bonding between Ni and S atoms andnormal coordinate bonding between Ni and Ni atoms. These are in reasonable agreement withthe unusual coordinate number, distorted coordinate polyhedron, bonding distances betweenatoms and some metallic properties of millerite.