氢化物原子荧光法测定化妆品中的汞

采用微波消解技术对化妆品样品进行消解,用氢化物原子荧光法测定样品中的汞.改变仪器条件及溶液浓度进行试验,确定最佳试验参数.汞浓度在0～20μg/L范围内与原子荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9997,方法检出限为0.0005μg/L.对眼影和润肤露样品进行加标回收试验,回收率为95%～100%.与浸提法相比,微波消解法提取出的汞完全且损失少.     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法同时测定鱼体中砷和汞

为建立微波消解-原子荧光光谱法同时测定鱼体中砷和汞的测定方法,采用微波消解方法,双道原子荧光光谱法同时测定了鱼体中砷和汞的含量。结果表明,砷与汞的线性范围分别为0.2~2.0μg/L,0.0~50.0μg/L;相关系数分别为r=0.999 8和r=0.999 5;砷回收率为96.5%~101.5%之间,相对标准偏差(n=11)为1.22%,检出限为0.004 2μg/L;汞回收率为98.6%~103.0%,相对标准偏差(n=11)为0.67%,检出限为0.009 6μg/L。用该法测定鱼类中砷和汞,方法灵敏度高、操作简便快速、结果准确可靠。     

密闭微波消解-冷原子荧光光谱法测定蔬菜中的痕量汞

采用硝酸和过氧化氢体系,密闭微波消解,冷原子荧光光谱法测定蔬菜中的痕量汞,选择0.3g/L硼氢化钾溶液为还原剂,硝酸溶液(1 99)为酸介质。测定结果表明汞浓度在0~1μg/L范围线性良好,相关系数大于0.9990,汞的加标回收率为90.2%~99.6%,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于4%,检出限为0.0058μg/L。     

微波消解-双通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定家禽内脏中的硒和汞

最佳分析条件下,采用微波消解样品,以HCl为预还原剂和测定介质,用氢化物发生-原子荧光法同时测定了家禽内脏中硒汞的含量。硒、汞的质量浓度分别在12.00～24.00μg/L范围与相应的荧光强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限分别为0.065μg/L和0.010μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别在1.3%～2.8%和2.4%～4.3%(n=5)之间,回收率范围分别为93.6%～101.1%和92.2%～98.6%。     

微波消解样品-原子荧光光谱法同时测定海苔中砷和汞

采用微波消解技术处理样品,用原子荧光光谱法同时测定海苔中砷和汞.砷和汞的回收率分别为90.0%～97.0%和90.0%～94.0%;砷和汞的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.10μg·L-1和0.01μg·L-1.     

原子荧光光谱法测定玉米中汞

采用微波消解法消解玉米样品,利用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定玉米中汞.研究并优化了载气及屏蔽气体的流量、硼氢化钾的浓度、灯电流、共存离子的干扰和消除等试验条件.荧光强度与汞的质量浓度在20μg·L-1范围以内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.02μg·L-1.应用此法分析了5份玉米试样,以标准加入法做回收率试验,回收率在90.O%～102.5%之间,相对标准偏差(n=10)小于4%.     

高效液相色谱与原子荧光光谱联用分析汞化合物形态的研究

建立了高效液相色谱与原子荧光光谱联用测定汞化合物形态的分析方法。实验对淋洗液组分浓度、氧化剂和还原剂浓度、载气流速及紫外消解管长度等操作条件进行了优化,获得了令人满意的分析结果。在优化的分离检测条件下,20μg/L的汞化合物标准溶液平行7次进样分析,甲基汞、无机汞和乙基汞的色谱峰高的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.0%、2.9%和2.4%;3种汞化合物的线性范围为10~1000μg/L,25μL进样检出限分别为3、2和4μg/L。用建立的方法测定了脉红螺样品中甲基汞的含量,甲基汞和乙基汞的加标回收率分别为90%和92%。     

原子荧光法测定饮用水中汞

汞含量是生活用水中的重要毒理学指标.将水中汞在酸性介质中消解,被硼氢化钠还原成原子态,用原子荧光法测定.方法的检出限为1.1×10-3μg/L,线性范围为1.2×10-2μg/L~1.20μg/L,相对标准偏差为6.3%,加标回收率87.6%~112.5%.     

冷蒸气发生-原子荧光法测定海水中超痕量汞

采用具有高稳定度汞灯漂移校准系统的原子荧光光度计作为检测器，在对原子荧光光度计的仪器和检测条件进行优化后，建立了以硫酸-过硫酸钾消解海水样品，冷蒸气发生-原子荧光法测定海水中超痕量汞的方法。在载气、辅助气、屏蔽气流量分别为200、100、500 mL/min，还原剂硼氢化钾浓度为0.05%（质量分数），载流为含有0.05%重铬酸钾（质量分数）的2%硫酸溶液（体积分数）的最佳分析条件下，汞的线性范围为0～0.25μg/L，相关系数为0.999 7，检出限为0.000 7μg/L。对汞质量浓度为（1.00±0.06）μg/L的海水标准物质进行6次平行测定，汞的相对标准偏差为2.95%，相对误差为-0.10%。对两种低汞含量海水样品进行6次平行测定，汞的质量浓度测定值分别为0.012、0.016μg/L，相对标准偏差分别为6.80%、4.70%，加标海水样品汞的回收率为86.67%～100%。该方法检测海水中的超痕量汞具有较高的准确性和稳定性。     

电化学还原气态进样-原子荧光光谱法测定海产品中总汞

建立了电化学还原气态进样-原子荧光光谱法测定海产品中的总汞的方法。海产品中不同形态的汞经消解后全部转化为无机汞,经电化学还原原子化后由氩气导入原子荧光光度计原子化器中实现定量分析。实验对电化学流通池结构以及影响分析灵敏度的电解电流、载气流量等实验条件进行了优化。优化条件下,在0.5~7.0μg/L汞浓度范围内,荧光值与浓度之间线性关系良好;该法汞的检出限为2.8 ng/L;2μg/L汞标液6次平行测定相对标准偏差2.0%;加标回收率在91.2%~98.7%之间。该法可应用于北京市购4种海产品中总汞含量的测定。     

朱砂中汞的生物可接受性及其吸收与排泄

研究了朱砂中汞的生物可接受性及其在体内的吸收与排泄.采用体外消化透析法测定了朱砂中汞的生物可接受性;计算了大鼠灌胃给予临床剂量(50mg/kg)朱砂后汞的药动学参数;测定了给予临床剂量的朱砂后大鼠粪样中汞的排泄量.结果表明,朱砂中汞的溶出率为0.011%,生物可接受率为0.003 3%.大鼠灌胃给予临床剂量的朱砂后,汞的药动学参数为:最高血药浓度(ρmax)为(6.3±1.3)μg/L,达峰时间(tmax)为(1.3±0.4)h,半衰期(t1/2)为(4.2±0.5)h,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)为(54.7±8.7)μg.h.L-1.给予朱砂12h后汞在粪便中排泄量最大,96h后在粪样中仍可检测到少量汞.朱砂中汞的生物可接受性较低,在体内吸收少,滞留时间较长,排泄缓慢,长期服用可在体内蓄积,产生毒性.     

水为载流-原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤中痕量砷、汞

改变原子荧光光谱法以稀酸为载流的进样方式,以水为载流在新型双道原子荧光光谱仪上同时测定了土壤中的痕量砷(As)、汞(Hg)。方法采用王水水浴加热溶解样品,用50 g/L硫脲-抗坏血酸混合溶液预先将砷还原为+3价,保持10%(体积分数)以上盐酸浓度,不转移直接定容静置后测定。优化了仪器工作条件,详细考察了以水为载流测定的可行性,选择了同时测定As、Hg所需的硼氢化钾浓度和盐酸浓度。方法节省了酸试剂用量,操作快速,单个样品测定仅需20s左右。方法检出限As为0.005 mg/kg,Hg为0.0008 mg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD%,n=7)在1.0%～7.4%,经土壤国家标准物质和实际样品验证,适合土壤中痕量As、Hg的同时快速测定。     

Speciation analysis of mercury and lead in fish samples using liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (LC-ICP-MS) method for lead and mercury speciation analysis was described. Sample containing ionic lead and mercury compounds was subjected to liquid chromatographic separation before injection into the direct injection high efficiency nebulizer (DIHEN, 170-AA). The species studied include inorganic lead (Pb(II)), trimethyl lead (trimethyl-Pb), triethyl lead (triethyl-Pb), inorganic mercury (Hg(II)), methyl mercury (methyl-Hg) and ethyl mercury (ethyl-Hg), which were well separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with a C18 column as the stationary phase and a pH 2.8 solution of 0.2% (v/v) 2-mercaptoethanol, 1 mg L(-1) ETDA, 174.2 mg L(-1) sodium 1-pentanesulfonate and 12% (v/v) methanol as the mobile phase. The lead and mercury species in biological tissues were quantitatively extracted, into 10 g L(-1) EDTA and 0.2% (v/v) 2-mercaptoethanol solution taken in a closed centrifuge tube and kept on water bath, using microwaves at 65 degrees C for 2 min. The spike recovery of individual lead and mercury species determined by spiking the samples with suitable concentration of lead and mercury mixture standard were between 93% and 99%. The detection limits of the species studied were in the range 0.1-0.3 microg Pb L(-1) and 0.2-0.3 microg Hg L(-1). The procedure has been applied for the speciation analysis of two reference samples namely NRCC DOLT-3 Dogfish Liver and DORM-2 Dogfish Muscle and a swordfish sample obtained locally. The sum of the concentrations of individual species has been compared with the certified values for total lead and mercury to verify the accuracy of the method. The precision between sample replicates was better than 10% with LC-DIHEN-ICP-MS method.     

无汞分光光度法快速测定含氯废水化学需氧量

建立无汞分光光度法快速测定含氯废水的化学需氧量。氯离子在测定化学需氧量反应中会增大重铬酸钾的消耗量,进而影响测定的准确性。传统的化学需氧量测定需要使用硫酸汞掩蔽氯化物。通过添加过量硫酸银以减少汞的使用,建立化学需氧量的无汞测定法。研究表明添加硫酸银含量1.03%的Ag2SO4-H2SO4试剂可以掩蔽500 mg/L及以下浓度氯离子的干扰。运用传统的测定方法和无汞测定法对理论化学需氧量为100 mg/L的邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液进行测定,无汞测定法测定值略高于传统方法测定值。在氯离子浓度低于500 mg/L时,无汞方法测定值的准确度优于传统方法。另外,化学需氧量无汞测定法将化学药品的单位样本使用成本从0.61元降至0.47元。无汞分光光度法适用于含氯废水化学需氧量的快速测定。     

水载流-原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤中痕量砷、汞

改变原子荧光光谱法以稀酸为载流的进样方式,以水为载流在新型双道原子荧光光谱仪上同时测定了土壤中的痕量砷(As)、汞(Hg)。采用王水水浴加热溶解样品,用50 g/L硫脲-抗坏血酸混合溶液预先将砷还原为As(Ⅲ),保持10%(体积分数)以上盐酸浓度,不转移直接定容静置后测定。优化了仪器工作条件,详细考察了以水为载流测定的可行性,选择了同时测定As、Hg所需的硼氢化钾浓度和盐酸浓度。节省了酸试剂用量,操作快速,单个样品测定仅需20 s左右。方法检出限As为0.005 mg/kg,Hg为0.0008 mg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)在1.0%~7.4%,经土壤国家标准物质和实际样品验证,适合土壤中痕量As、Hg的同时快速测定。     

Liquid chromatographic--cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of mercury species

Solvent extraction, sonication, and microwave-assisted extractions in the presence of extraction agents (thioacetic acid, citric acid, cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol, HCl + NaCl, etc.) were tested for the isolation of mercury species. A mixture of 6 M HCl and 0.1 M NaCl was selected as the most suitable extraction agent. The extraction efficiency was about 10% higher and the RSD below 3.3% when microwave-assisted extraction was applied instead of sonication. The liquid chromatography-cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC/CV-AFS) method was optimised and used for separation and determination of inorganic mercury cations and alkylated and arylated mercury species. Isocratic elution at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min (with a mobile phase containing 0.05% 2-mercaptoethanol (pH = 5) and 7% methanol and with a stepwise increase of methanol content up to 100% MeOH in the 15th min) was used for separation of mercury species on a Hypersil BDS C18 RP column. The limits of detection of the LC/CV-AFS system were estimated as 0.2 microg/L (3%) for MeHg+, 0.07 microg/L (5.3%) for inorganic Hg, 0.06 microg/L (3.4%) for PhHg+, and 0.12 microg/L (4.4%) for EtHg with the corresponding RSDs at 5 microg/L (n = 10) given in parentheses. The concentrations (2-10 mg/kg fresh weight) of total mercury and methylmercury (90-99% of the total mercury) in selected fish obtained by HPLC/CV-AFS were in good agreement (absolute deviations 0.05 mg/kg) but more precise (RSDs <5.4% at 5 mg/L, n = 10) than those determined by GC coupled to an electron capture detector. The RSDs (3.1-8.2% and 4.1-9.0%) of the overall analytical procedure for the determination of total mercury (AMA 254) and methylmercury (HPLC/CV-AFS) were determined for intra-day and inter-day assays, respectively.     

一种基于钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白荧光猝灭法的汞离子传感新方法

采用反复冻融细胞破裂法、硫酸铵分级盐析以及羟基磷灰石柱层析,从钝顶螺旋藻中提取出高纯度的藻蓝蛋白样品,纯度(A62a/A280)达4.1.该蛋白的紫外-可见吸收光谱表明其特征吸收峰为280、360、620nm,荧光光谱表明其最大发射波长为650 nm.以该藻蓝蛋白为荧光探针,发展了一种基于荧光猝灭法的Hg2检测新方法.并考察了缓冲体系、缓冲液pH值、反应时间、温度以及藻蓝蛋白的浓度等因素对汞离子检测的影响,在0.05 mol/L、pH7.5的磷酸二氢钾-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液中,当藻蓝蛋白浓度为3 mg/L、反应时间为30 min、反应温度为30℃时,该方法的线性范围为0.1～10μmol/L,检出限为0.056 μmol/L.该方法表现出良好的汞离子传感选择性,而且当干扰离子与汞离子的浓度比为40∶1时,多种共存离子对汞离子的检测影响较小.该方法荧光探针提取容易,价格低且环境友好,具有较高的灵敏度和较好的重现性.     

聚氯乙烯膜修饰碳微电极的研制及应用

采用浸涂流延法制得ＰＶＣ膜修饰碳微电极,用Ｋ３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６的循环伏安图考察了电极的电化学性能,并用此电极建立了环境水样中痕量汞的阳极溶出伏安法测定。在０．０６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＫＳＣＮ＋０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ介质中,富集电位－０．８０Ｖ,搅拌富集时间３００ｓ,扫描电压范围－０．２０～０．４０Ｖ,扫描速率３１４ｍＶ／ｓ,咄峰电流与Ｈｇ＾２＋浓度在０．０１～２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的范围内有良好的线性关系,本电极     

密闭罐溶样–氢化物发生–原子荧光光谱法测定中药中的汞和砷

建立了密闭罐溶样–氢化物发生–原子荧光光谱法测定中药中痕量汞和砷的分析方法。采用密闭罐溶解复杂基体中药样品,进行易挥发元素分析的样品前处理,技术简单,快速,能耗低。汞和砷的质量浓度分别在0~10μg/L和0~200μg/L范围内与荧光强度成线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.99。汞、砷的检出限分别为0.014,0.086μg/L;测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于4.67%(n=5);加标回收率分别为99.0%~106.4%,95.2%~101.7%。该方法操作简便,可用于中药中汞、砷元素的质量控制。     

Layer-by-layer self-assembly polytungstogermanate multilayer films and their photocatalytic properties under sunlight irradiation

Seven different types of thio- and/or amine-modified cellulose resin materials were synthesized and their mercury (II) ion adsorption properties determined. All seven resins showed good mercury (II) adsorption capability in the more neutral pH regions. However, the o-benzenedithiol- and o-aminothiophenol-modified cellulosic resins were found to be very effective in removing mercury (II) ions from strongly acidic media. For example, 93.5-100% mercury (II) ion recoveries from very acid aqueous solutions (nitric acid concentration ranged from 0.1 to 2.0 mol/L) were obtained using the o-benzenedithiol-modified resin while recoveries ranged from ca. 50% to 60% for the o-aminothiophenol-modified resin. An adsorption capacity of 23 mg (as Hg atoms) per gram of resin was observed for the o-benzenedithiol-modified cellulose in the presence of 1.0 mol/L nitric acid. This same resin shows very good selectivity for mercury (II) as only ruthenium (II) also somewhat adsorbed onto it out of 14 other metal ions studied (Ag(+), Al(3+), As(3+), Co(2+), Cd(2+), Cr(3+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+), Mn(2+), Ni(2+), Pt(2+), Pb(2+), Ru(2+), and Zn(2+)).