纳米线组装叶片状三氧化钼的合成及其对三乙胺的气敏性能（英文）

通过溶剂热法制备了由一维纳米线自组装的叶状三氧化钼纳米材料,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、热重-示差扫描量热(TGDSC)、氮气吸附(N2-sorption)等技术对材料进行了系统的组成和结构表征。结果表明,一维纳米线表面具有粗糙结构,且由一维纳米线组装的叶片状三氧化钼属畸变八面体中的正交晶系,其主要暴露的结晶面是(021)。此叶片状三氧化钼气敏材料在300℃的最佳工作温度下,对2.25 g·m-3的三乙胺表现出优异的选择性、超高的灵敏度和较快的响应时间(5 s),甚至在浓度为4.5 mg·m~(-3)的检测标准下响应值仍可达到12.4。基于以上结构表征和性能测试结果,对叶片状三氧化钼的形成及三乙胺敏感机理进行了初步探讨分析。     

纳米CuFe2O4-rGO复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用溶剂热法成功制备了纳米CuFe₂O₄-rGO复合材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和电化学工作站对样品的结构、形貌及电容特性进行表征。结果表明,CuFe₂O₄纳米粒子均匀地分散在石墨烯片层间,其中CuFe₂O₄-20% rGO复合材料具有最优的电化学性能,当电流密度1 A·g^-1时,其比电容为1 952.5 F·g^-1,当电流密度为1 A·g^-1时,CuFe₂O₄-20% rGO复合材料经1 000次充放电后的比电容保持率为86.17%。     

木糖-软模板水热法制备硼掺杂分级多孔炭球及其电化学性能

以D-木糖为炭源,月桂酸钠为模板剂,硼酸为掺杂剂,通过水热炭化方法制得硼掺杂分级多孔炭球（BPC_S）。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、N₂吸附-脱附测试、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、顺磁共振波谱（EPR）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、热重（TG）分析对样品进行表征。结果表明：月桂酸钠作为介孔造孔剂的同时,通过与D-木糖间的氢键作用使有机-有机自组装过程自发进行并形成窄尺寸分布（2~5 μm）规整炭球;硼酸在水热中催化炭源脱水降解,并以BC₃、BCO₂和BC₂O的形式掺杂在炭球上,掺硼后炭球与水表面接触角降低,润湿性提高。经CO₂活化、月桂酸钠高温分解以及胶质炭球的堆积分别产生微孔（0.5~1.2 nm）、介孔（3.14~35.00 nm）和大孔（60~146 nm）并形成分级结构。当硼酸加入量为0.927 5 g时多孔炭球（BPC_S-1）的电化学性能最佳,在6 mol·L^-1 KOH三电极体系中电流密度为0.5 A·g^-1时,比电容达287.12 F·g^-1;两电极体系中电流密度为0.5 A·g^-1时比电容达151.34 F·g^-1,能量密度达5.3 Wh·kg^-1;电流密度为5 A·g^-1时进行1 000次充放电循环,电容保持率仍达96.43%。     

核壳纳米球钴基金属有机聚合物的制备及其储锂性能

以偏苯三甲酸和六水合硝酸钴为原料,通过水热法合成了2种反应时间不同的钴基金属有机聚合物（Co-MOP）。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和N₂吸附-脱附对Co-MOP材料进行了结构和形貌表征。将2种Co-MOP材料用作锂离子电池负极材料,并进行了电化学性能测试。结果表明,Co-MOP-12（水热反应12 h）展示出了优异的电化学性能,在100 mA·g^-1的电流密度下,Co-MOP-12电极的首圈可逆比容量达到979 mAh·g^-1,循环100圈后比容量高达1 345 mAh·g^-1。     

不同方法制备的CoxZr1-xO2催化剂及其氧化甲苯和甲醛的性能

采用沉淀法、水热法、热分解法和浸渍法制备了Co_xZr_1-xO₂催化剂。通过热重（TG）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量散射X射线光谱（EDS）、N₂吸附/脱附测试等手段对催化剂的理化性质进行了表征。结果表明,水热法制备的催化剂Co_xZr_1-xO₂-H（1∶1）中的钴、锆的分散性好、颗粒均匀、孔结构发达,比表面积可达到102 m²·g^-1,氧化甲苯和甲醛的活性优于其他催化剂,其表观活化能为65.2和53.6 kJ·mol^-1。Co_xZr_1-xO₂-H（1∶1）的优异催化性能与物种的分散度及协同效应、比表面积和孔结构有关。控制Co-Zr催化剂的制备方法可以获得良好的物化性能。     

基于咪唑基配体的Mn(Ⅱ)配合物的水热合成及结构、理论计算和三阶非线性光学性质

在水热条件下用氯化锰和咪唑基配体合成了配合物Mn[（IPB）₂Cl₂]·4H₂O （IPB=4-（1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl） benzaldehyde）,并通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外衍射、X射线单晶衍射法和Z-扫描技术对其结构和性质进行了表征。X射线单晶衍射结果表明,该化合物晶体属正交晶系,空间群Pnna。采用Z-扫描技术测量了该化合物的非线性光学特性,结果显示,以45 μJ的脉冲能量,在焦点处的透光率为93%,非线性吸收系数为-4.5×10^-11 m·W^-1,非线性折射率为1.0×10^-19 m²·W^-1。该化合物显示了自聚焦的性质。在紫外-可见光谱区,该化合物的最大吸收波长为282nm。     

锌镍铝水滑石微球的制备及吸附性能

以Zn（NO₃）₂·6H₂O、Ni（NO₃）₂·6H₂O、Al（NO₃）₃·9H₂O和尿素为原料,采用一步水热法制备分散性良好的三元锌镍铝水滑石（ZnNiAl-LDHs）微球。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶转换红外光谱（FTIR）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和氮气吸附-脱附等测试手段对样品的结构和形貌进行表征,并比较ZnNiAl-LDHs和ZnAl-LDHs对甲基橙（MO）的吸附性能。结果表明,ZnNiAl-LDHs是由纳米片组成、具有3D结构的微球,粒径为1~2.5 μm,比表面积为156 m²·g^-1,远大于ZnAl-LDHs的比表面积38 m²·g^-1;ZnNiAl-LDHs和ZnAl-LDHs对甲基橙的饱和吸附量分别为329.60和143.47 mg·g^-1,ZnNiAl-LDHs表现出更强的吸附能力,其吸附等温线和吸附动力学分别符合Langmuir等温线模型和准二级动力学模型。     

基于咪唑基配体的Mn(Ⅱ)配合物的水热合成及结构、理论计算和三阶非线性光学性质

在水热条件下用氯化锰和咪唑基配体合成了配合物Mn[（IPB）₂Cl₂]·4H₂O（IPB=4-（1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl）benzaldehyde）,并通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外衍射、X射线单晶衍射法和Z-扫描技术对其结构和性质进行了表征。X射线单晶衍射结果表明,该化合物晶体属正交晶系,空间群Pnna。采用Z-扫描技术测量了该化合物的非线性光学特性,结果显示,以45 μJ的脉冲能量,在焦点处的透光率为93%,非线性吸收系数为-4.5×10^-11 m·W^-1,非线性折射率为1.0×10^-19 m²·W^-1。该化合物显示了自聚焦的性质。在紫外-可见光谱区,该化合物的最大吸收波长为282nm。     

扫帚状氧化铈制备及其对Pt基阳极催化剂催化性能的影响

采用水热合成法,合成了比表面积为175 m²·g^-1,孔径在2~4nm范围内的扫帚状CeO₂。通过微波辅助乙二醇还原氯铂酸法制备了Pt-CeO₂/RGO催化剂,探究扫帚状CeO₂的添加对Pt基催化剂电催化性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、N₂吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对所制备的CeO₂及催化剂进行表征。利用电化学工作站对催化剂进行电化学性能测试。结果表明,催化剂中CeO₂保持原有扫帚状,Pt纳米粒子均匀分布于石墨烯载体表面;当m_RGO∶m_CeO2=1∶2时,添加了扫帚状CeO₂的Pt-CeO₂/RGO催化剂的电催化性能最优,电化学活性表面积为102.83 m²·g^-1,对乙醇氧化的峰值电流密度为757.17 A·g^-1,1 000 s的稳态电流密度为108.17 A·g^-1,对乙醇催化氧化反应的电荷转移电阻最小,活化能最低。     

基于3，4'，5-联苯三羧酸构筑的钕配合物的合成、结构、荧光、光催化及磁性质

采用NdCl₃·6H₂O和3,4'',5-联苯三羧酸（H₃bpt）为原料在DMF/H₂O混合溶剂热条件下合成得到一个三维钕配合物{[Nd （bpt）（DMF）（H₂O）]·2H₂O}_n（1）,并通过红外光谱、元素分析、单晶及粉末X射线衍射表征了配合物1的结构。单晶衍射结果表明,配合物1具有（5,5）-连接的三维结构,拓扑符号为（4⁴·6³·8³）（4⁸ 6²）。此外,对配合物1的热稳定性、荧光性质、光催化降解染料及磁性质进行了详细研究。     

Li_(1.3)Ti_(1.7)Al_(0.3)(PO_4)_3,Na_(1.3)Ti_(1.7)Al_(0.3)(PO_4)_3的离子交换研究

研究了在不同温度下的NaNO3和AgNO3水溶液中Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3和Na1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3离子交换行为.实验表明Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3和Na1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3均显示出了高选择性与Na+和Ag+进行离子交换的特征,且对Ag+的选择性高于Na+.升高温度可显著提高Ag/Li和Ag/Na的交换反应速度.     

Crystal growth, structure determination, and optical properties of new potassium-rare-earth silicates K3RESi2O7 (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)

Single crystals of K₃RESi₂O₇ (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) were grown from a potassium fluoride flux. Two different structure types were found for this series. Silicates containing the larger rare earths, RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb crystallize in a structure K₃RESi₂O₇ that contains the rare-earth cation in both a slightly distorted octahedral and an ideal trigonal prismatic coordination environment, while in K₃LuSi₂O₇, containing the smallest of the rare earths, lutetium is found solely in an octahedral coordination environment. The structure of K₃LuSi₂O₇ crystallizes in space group P6₃/mmc with a=5.71160(10) Å and c=13.8883(6) Å. The structures containing the remaining rare earths crystallize in the space group P6₃/mcm with the lattice parameters of a=9.9359(2) Å, c=14.4295(4) Å, (K₃GdSi₂O₇); a=9.88730(10) Å, c=14.3856(3) Å, (K₃TbSi₂O₇); a=9.8673(2) Å, c=14.3572(4) Å, (K₃DySi₂O₇); a=9.8408(3) Å, c=14.3206(6) Å, (K₃HoSi₂O₇); a=9.82120(10) Å, c=14.2986(2) Å, (K₃ErSi₂O₇); a=9.80200(10) Å, c=14.2863(4) Å, (K₃TmSi₂O₇); a=9.78190(10) Å, c=14.2401(3) Å, (K₃YbSi₂O₇). The optical properties of the silicates were investigated and K₃TbSi₂O₇ was found to fluoresce in the visible.     

Near infrared study of aqueous rare-earth ethylsulfates

The near infrared spectra of aqueous solutions of the ethylsulfates of La, Nd, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb, Lu, Y, and Na have been determined from about 0.2 mol-dm^–3 to nearly saturation. The extinction coefficients of water have been calculated taking into account the absorption of ethylslfate anions determined in separate experiments. Their values appeared to be nearly the same as that of pure water. The relative contents of free OH groups in 0.5 and 0.7M solutions have been estimated from the absorbances at 1160 nm. They were lower in solutions of the heavy rare-earth ethylsulfates (Tb, Er, Yb, Lu) than in equimolar solutions of the lighter ones (La, Nd), confirming our previous view that secondary hydration of the heavy trivalent rare-earth cations is distinctly stronger than that of the lighter ones. A comparison of the spectra of these aqueous ethylsulfates with those of perchlorates shows that the structure-breaking ability of the C₂H₅SO ₄ ^– ion is much smaller than that of perchlorate anion.     

电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)测定银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量

针对银精矿样品复杂,难消解的特点,研究了不同酸溶法和碱熔法对样品的消解情况,建立了硝酸,盐酸,氢氟酸,高氯酸消解银精矿的方法。根据元素灵敏度和抗干扰性,选定各元素的测定波长。通过酸溶样和碱熔样测定结果比对,验证了方法准确性。建立了四酸消解-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量的方法,元素的线性相关系数均在0.9999以上。通过共存元素干扰实验,确定了银精矿中高含量元素(铜、铅、锌、铁、锑、铋等)对测定元素结果没有影响。方法检出限：Cu 0.0063 mg/L, Pb 0.0159 mg/L ,Zn 0.0090 mg/L,As 0.0192 mg/L, Cd 0.0093 mg/L ,Ca 0.0084 mg/L, Mg 0.0075 mg/L, Mn 0.0081 mg/L。测定下限：Cu 0.0105mg/L,Pb 0.0265 mg/L, Zn 0.0150 mg/L, As 0.0320 mg/L, Cd 0.0155 mg/L, Ca 0.0140 mg/L, Mg 0.0125 mg/L,Mn 0.0135 mg/L。3个样品的相对标准偏差在0.87%~3.56%之间,加标回收率在95.00%~103.56%之间。方法流程短,操作简单,快速,灵敏度和再现性高,结果准确可靠,可以满足银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量的测定。     

Structural studies of five layer Aurivillius oxides: A2Bi4Ti5O18 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb)

The room temperature structures of the five layer Aurivillius phases A₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈ (A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb) have been refined from powder neutron diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The structures consist of [Bi₂O₂]²⁺ layers interleaved with perovskite-like [A₂Bi₂Ti₅O₁₆]²⁻ blocks. The structures were refined in the orthorhombic space group B2eb (SG. No. 41), Z=4, and the unit cell parameters of the oxides are a=5.4251(2), b=5.4034(1), c=48.486(1); a=5.4650(2), b=5.4625(3), c=48.852(1); a=5.4988(3), b=5.4980(4), c=50.352(1); a=5.4701(2), b=5.4577(2), c=49.643(1) for A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb, respectively. The structural features of the compounds were found similar to n=2-4 layers bismuth oxides. The strain caused by mismatch of cell parameter requirements for the [Bi₂O₂]²⁺ layers and perovskite-like [A₂Bi₂Ti₅O₁₆]²⁻ blocks were relieved by tilting of the TiO₆ octahedra. Variable temperature synchrotron X-ray studies for Ca and Pb compounds showed that the orthorhombic structure persisted up to 675 and 475 K, respectively. Raman spectra of the compounds are also presented.     

Metal-organic deposition of YBa2Cu3Ox and Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox films on various substrates starting from different fluorine-free metallorganic compounds

YBa₂Cu₃O_x (Y-123) and Bi₂Sr₂Ca₁Cu₂O_x (Bi-2212) films on various substrates have been prepared by Metal-Organic Deposition starting from different metallorganic fluorine-free compounds and using a very simple instrumentation. The processing conditions include a rapid pyrolysis step in air and an annealing step in oxygen for Y-123 and in air for Bi-2212. The films obtained have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the formation of a superconducting phase of Y-123 or Bi-2212 was confirmed measuring the critical temperature (T _c) with Ac-susceptibility and resistive measurements. Microstructure and final cationic ratios have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).     

Decomposition of P2S2N4(Si(CH3)3)4A12C14 as Studied by FT-Raman and Quantum Chemistry Means

The dimeric title compound decomposes upon heating to give the monomer and desulphurized monomer as shown by FT-Raman and quantum chemical means.     

B2O3-Bi2O3-ZnO-Al2O3玻璃助烧剂对BaTiO3陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响

通过调节B₂O₃-Bi₂O₃-ZnO-Al₂O₃(BBZA)玻璃的添加量研究其对钛酸钡(BaTiO₃)陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明：添加适量的BBZA玻璃能够有效地将BaTiO₃陶瓷烧结温度由1 350℃降至950℃,并使其致密化。同时,添加BBZA玻璃后,BaTiO₃的晶体结构随着烧结温度的升高而发生转变(立方相→四方相)。另外,BBZA玻璃的引入使BaTiO₃陶瓷的居里峰得到了有效的抑制和拓宽。陶瓷微观形貌显示,玻璃相均匀分布在BaTiO₃晶粒表面。优化的BaTiO₃陶瓷制备条件如下：BBZA添加量(质量分数)为2.0%,烧结温度为950℃。在该条件下制备的BaTiO₃陶瓷介电常数达到1 364,介电损耗低至1.2%。     

Preparation of ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2 and Its Application in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3

TiO₂,ZrO₂-TiO₂,andZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area measurements (BET), temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD), oxygen storage capacity (OSC), and temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). The results showed that ZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ exhibited large number of surface strong acid, possessed some oxygen storage capacity, and strong redox property. The three materials were used as supports and the monolith catalysts were prepared with 1% (w) V₂O₅ and 9% (w)WO₃ for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia in the presence of excessive O₂, and the results of catalytic activity showed that the catalyst used ZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ as support yielded nearly 100% NO conversion at 275 °C at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 10000 h⁻¹, and it had the best catalytic activity and showed great potential for practical application.     

The crystal chemistry of Bi6TP2O15+x, T=Fe, Ni, Zn: Isomorphism and polymorphism, structural relationship to Bi6TiP2O16

The crystal structures of compounds with nominal compositions Bi₆FeP₂O_15+x (I), Bi₆NiP₂O_15+x (II) and Bi₆ZnP₂O_15+x (III) were determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. They are monoclinic, space group I2, Z=2. The lattice parameters for (I) are a=11.2644(7), b=5.4380(3), c=11.1440(5) Å, β=96.154(4)°; for (II) a=11.259(7), b=5.461(4), c=11.109(7) Å, β=96.65(1)°; for (III) a=19.7271(5), b=5.4376(2), c=16.9730(6) Å, β=131.932(1)°. Least squares refinements on F² converged for (I) to R1=0.0554, wR₂=0.1408; for (II) R₁=0.0647, wR₂=0.1697; for (III) R₁=0.0385, wR₂=0.1023. The crystals are complexly twinned by 2-fold rotation about , by inversion and by mirror reflection. The structures consist of edge-sharing articulations of OBi₄ tetrahedra forming layers in the a-c plane that then continue by edge-sharing parallel to the b-axis. The three-dimensional networks are bridged by Fe and Ni octahedra in (I) and (II) and by Zn trigonal bipyramids in (III) as well as by oxygen atoms of the PO₄ moieties. Bi also randomly occupies the octahedral sites. Oxygen vacancies exist in the structures of the three compounds due to required charge balances and they occur in the octahedral coordination polyhedron of the transition metal. In compound (III), no positional disorder in atomic sites is present. The Bi-O coordination polyhedra are trigonal prisms with one, two or three faces capped. Magnetic susceptibility data for compound (I) were obtained between 4.2 and 350 K. Between 4.2 and 250 K it is paramagnetic, μ_eff=6.1 μ_B; a magnetic transition occurs above 250 K.