介孔碳/石墨烯复合材料的制备及其醌类改性电容性能

首先利用硬模板法制备出介孔碳/石墨烯复合材料,然后向复合材料中引入具有赝电容活性的醌类分子进一步增大材料的电容性能。研究结果表明,负载30%（w/w）叔丁基氢醌的介孔碳/石墨烯复合材料具有最佳的电容性能,在电流密度为0.5 A·g^-1时,比电容值为355 F·g^-1;当电流密度高达30 A·g^-1时,其比电容值高达226 F·g^-1,比电容保持率为64%,表现出良好的速率特性。     

一种高容量的层状Co-MOF基超级电容器电极材料

通过简单的溶剂热反应合成了一种钴基层状MOF（[Co（4,4''-bpy）（tfbdc）（H₂O）₂],Co-BTH,4,4''-bpy=4,4''-联吡啶,H₂tfbdc=四氟对苯二甲酸）,并考察了其作为超级电容器电极材料的性能。研究结果表明：Co-BTH电极具有良好的赝电容性能,包含高比电容和较好的倍率性能。在1 A·g^-1电流密度下和1 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中,其比电容最大可达2 316 F·g^-1。在2 A·g^-1的电流密度下,循环1 000次后,电极的比电容仍然还有847 F·g^-1。良好的赝电容性能与Co-BTH的层状结构和小尺寸的纳米片有关。     

表面官能团化增强碳纳米笼超级电容器性能

以具有多级孔结构、高比表面积、良好导电性等特征的碳纳米笼（CNCs）为前体,采用硝酸氧化法在CNCs表面引入含氧官能团。以CNCs为超级电容器电极材料,在相同电流密度下,官能团化样品的比电容显著高于纯CNCs;在1A·g^-1下比电容最高可达到255F·g^-1,比纯CNCs的188F·g^-1增加了34%,这表明表面含氧官能团化能够显著提高CNCs的超级电容器比电容。在100A·g^-1的大电流密度下,硝酸氧化后CNCs的比电容保持在111~167F·g^-1,表明具有良好的耐大电流充放电性能。在10A·g^-1的电流密度下循环10000圈后,CNC-6M样品的比电容由196F·g^-1下降到176F·g^-1,样品的比电容仍保留90%,具有良好的循环稳定性。表面含氧官能团化CNCs所表现出的这种优异的超级电容器性能归因于CNCs的多尺度分级孔结构、高比表面积、良好的导电性、表面亲水性含氧官能团化带来的浸润性提高和引入的赝电容。     

胡萝卜基多孔炭的制备及其电化学电容行为

以冷冻干燥获得的多孔胡萝卜为炭源,经过600℃氮气氛围下炭化和KOH活化,获得了多孔结构的炭材料。采用红外光谱、X-射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗对多孔炭进行了微结构和电容性能研究。结果表明:通过活化处理,多孔炭的比表面积从7m²·g^-1大幅提高到147m²·g^-1。而且,活化后的多孔炭产生了414F·g^-1的最大比电容,且电流增至4A·g^-1时的电容保持率为74.5%。而未活化的多孔炭最大电容为253F·g^-1,电容保持率仅为45.1%。此外,活化后的多孔炭还具有优异的电化学稳定性。在5A·g^-1电流下循环8000圈后,其电容保持率高达94%。活化后的多孔炭在电容性能方面的极大改善与其比表面积的大幅提高及介孔的增多有密切关系。     

胡萝卜基多孔炭的制备及其电化学电容行为研究

以冷冻干燥获得的多孔胡萝卜为炭源,经过600℃氮气氛围下炭化和KOH活化,获得了多孔结构的炭材料。采用红外光谱、X-射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗对多孔炭进行了微结构和电容性能研究。结果表明:通过活化处理,多孔炭的比表面积从7 m²·g^-1大幅提高到147 m²·g^-1。而且,活化后的多孔炭产生了414 F·g^-1的最大比电容,且电流增至4 A·g^-1时的电容保持率为74.5%。而未活化的多孔炭最大电容为253 F·g^-1,电容保持率仅为45.1%。此外,活化后的多孔炭还具有优异的电化学稳定性。在5 A·g^-1电流下循环8 000圈后,其电容保持率高达94%。活化后的多孔炭在电容性能方面的极大改善与其比表面积的大幅提高及介孔的增多有密切关系。     

纳米CuFe2O4-rGO复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用溶剂热法成功制备了纳米CuFe₂O₄-rGO复合材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和电化学工作站对样品的结构、形貌及电容特性进行表征。结果表明,CuFe₂O₄纳米粒子均匀地分散在石墨烯片层间,其中CuFe₂O₄-20% rGO复合材料具有最优的电化学性能,当电流密度1 A·g^-1时,其比电容为1 952.5 F·g^-1,当电流密度为1 A·g^-1时,CuFe₂O₄-20% rGO复合材料经1 000次充放电后的比电容保持率为86.17%。     

惰性盐辅助合成介孔石墨化碳片及其电容性能

以惰性盐KCl为模板、硝酸镍为金属催化剂镍源、葡萄糖为碳源,通过碳化处理制备了介孔石墨化碳片。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪和比表面测试仪对介孔石墨化碳片进行了表征。探讨了碳片形成的机理,采用三电极测试体系研究了介孔石墨化碳片电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,10gKCl制备的碳片比表面积最大（989m²·g^-1）,在6mol·L^-1KOH电解液中,当电流密度为0.5A·g^-1时,比电容达到180F·g^-1;当电流密度达到10A·g^-1时,比电容维持在148F·g^-1,显示了电极具有较好的倍率性能;在10A·g^-1条件下,2000次循环充放电测试后电容没有发生衰减,展示了在超级电容器方面的应用潜力。     

Zn掺杂Co9S8纳米材料的制备及其在超级电容器和电催化析氢中的应用

采用原位溶剂热生长法设计合成了锌掺杂Co₉S₈纳米颗粒。各种表征技术和性能测试结果表明：锌掺杂Co₉S₈纳米颗粒的孔尺寸为18 nm,比表面积为23 m²·g^-1;同时微量的锌掺杂显著增强了Co₉S₈的电催化析氢（HER）活性及电容器性能。在HER性能测试中,当电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2时电位为-361 mV,电流密度最高可达38.26 mA·cm^-2,且具有优异的循环稳定性。同时在电容器性能测试中具有较高的比电容,当电流密度为1 A·g^-1时,质量比电容和面积比电容分别为235.48 F·g^-1和812.4 mF·cm^-2。     

ZnCo2O4纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球用于锂离子电池负极材料

通过液相共沉淀法获得Zn和Co的前驱,经过600℃煅烧处理获得ZnCo₂O₄纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球。电化学测试表明,在0.5 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环200次可逆比容量保持为965 mAh·g^-1;在0.8 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环350次可逆比容量保持为882 mAh·g^-1。倍率性能测试表明在2 A·g^-1的电流密度时可逆比容量为736 mAh·g^-1。     

线状全固态CNTF@ZnCo-OH//CNTF@RGO超级电容器的制备与电化学性能

采用电化学沉积在碳纳米管纤维上复合锌钴氢氧化物纳米片（CNTF@ZnCo-OH）,并研究其电化学性能。实验结果表明CNTF@ZnCo-OH电极在2 A·g^-1的电流密度下比电容为748 F·g^-1,在10 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环2 000圈以后,比电容保持率高达110.4%。该优异循环性能得益于碳纳米管纤维基底的网络结构和ZnCo-OH的纳米片状结构。以CNTF@RGO（石墨烯）为负极、CNTF@ZnCo-OH为正极,组装线状全固态非对称CNTF@ZnCo-OH//CNTF@RGO超级电容器。该器件在0.5 A·g^-1电流密度下比电容为70 F·g^-1,2 000次循环后电容保持率为79.6%,并且在不同的弯曲状态下保持电化学性能不变,具有优良的机械稳定性。该非对称线状器件可以在0.8~1.4 V之间工作,其能量密度高达19.1 Wh·kg^-1,对应的功率密度为1 400.3 W·kg^-1。2个30 mm长的线状器件可持续点亮LED灯10 s。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.