电化学阻抗谱法研究温度对三维多孔Cu6Sn5合金电极嵌锂过程的影响

采用氢气泡为动力学模板电沉积获得多孔铜,通过热处理增强其结构稳定性,并以该多孔铜为基底电沉积获得三维多孔Cu6Sn5合金电极.采用循环伏安法研究了三维多孔Cu6Sn5合金电极的嵌/脱锂电位.采用电化学阻抗谱研究了三维多孔Cu6Sn5合金电极在不同温度下的首次嵌锂过程.结果显示,在主要的嵌锂区间内,三维多孔Cu6Sn5合...     

纳米CeO2基固溶体催化柴油机碳颗粒物燃烧性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶鄄凝胶法制备CeO2基固溶体催化剂(Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-δ、Ce0.7Pr0.3O2-δ和Ce0.7Gd0.3O2-δ), 并考察了固溶体和三种常用载体(TiO2、SiO2和Al2O3)及其负载KNO3后的催化碳黑燃烧活性. 结果表明, CeO2基固溶体催化剂具有很高的催化燃烧活性, 其活性接近TiO2、SiO2和Al2O3负载30%KNO3催化剂的活性. 因为纳米CeO2基固溶体的形成, 提高了催化剂的抗烧结能力, 使氧更活泼, 从而提高氧化还原性能, 有利于碳颗粒燃烧. 由于CeO2基固溶体本身的高活性, 因此KNO3的添加不能明显提高CeO2基固溶体催化剂(尤其是Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-δ和Ce0.7Pr0.3O2-δ)的催化燃烧活性, 但KNO3能显著提高TiO2, SiO2和Al2O3的催化燃烧活性.     

La0.7-xNdxMg0.3Ni3.4Al0.1(x=0～0.4)储氢合金的相结构及电化学性能

采用真空烧结方式制备了AB3.5型La0.7-xNdxMg0.3Ni3.4Al0.1(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3和0.4)储氢合金.XRD分析表明,所有合金均由LaNi5,La2Ni7和LaNi3三相组成.当Nd含量增加时,合金中的LaNi5和La2Ni7相含量有不同程度的增加,而LaNi3相相应减少.电化学性能测试表明,添加适量的Nd能改善合金电极的循环稳定性,其中La0.6Nd0.1Mg0.3Ni3.4Al0.1合金具有相对较好的综合性能,其最大放电容量达到322.4 mAh·g-1,循环50周的容量保持率(S50)达到89.98%.     

替代元素铝和钕对La-Mg-Ni系AB3.5型贮氢合金性能的影响

用冷坩埚磁悬浮熔炼方法制备La0.7Mg0.3（Ni0.85-xCo0.15Alx）3.4（x=0.00,0.04）和La0.7-yNdyMg0.3（Ni0.81Co0.15Al0.04）3.4（y=0.10）贮氢合金,采用XRD,FESEM,EDS,P-C-T测试及三电极电化学性能测试研究合金的相结构、相成分、P-C-T曲线、电化学性能及相应电极的表面状态。Rietveld法全谱拟合表明,La0.7Mg0.3（Ni0.85Co0.15）3.4合金为多相结构,主相为Ce2Ni7型六方相,主相成分为（La,Mg）（Ni0.85Co0.15）2.9-3.3。P-C-T曲线显示随着Al和Nd的依次替代,平台压力从0.0118 MPa降低到0.0057 MPa再升高到0.0073 MPa。电化学性能测试表明,最大放电容量先从392.9 mAh.g^-1降低到363.4 mAh.g^-1再降低到343.7 mAh.g^-1,循环稳定性则从59.6%增加到73.1%再增加到79.7%。     

Al含量对AB_5型储氢合金电极低温和高倍率性能的影响（英文）

系统地研究了Al含量对富Ce储氢合金MmNi_(4-x)Co_(0.7)Mn_(0.3)Al_x(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)电极综合电化学性能,尤其是对低温和高倍率性能的影响。在常温下,储氢合金电极放电容量和循环性能均随着Al含量的增加而增加,而高倍率放电性能严重下降。-20℃时,放电容量仍随着Al含量的增加而增加,但在-40℃下放电容量随之严重衰退。电化学动力学结果表明,常温下高Al合金高倍率性能的降低主要是由于电极表面电荷转移过程的恶化;低温-40℃下,Al同时降低了合金电极的表面电催化活性以及体相H扩散能力,严重恶化电极过程动力学,从而导致了高Al合金极低的容量及电压输出。考虑到各电极的综合电化学性能,MmNi_(3.8)Co_(0.7)Mn_(0.3)Al_(0.2)为最佳的成分配比。     

Al,Zn,Cu和Cd固溶于B2-MgLi本征特性的第一原理研究

采用第一原理方法研究镁锂中间相化合物固溶体的本征特性,研究了Al,Zn,Cu和Cd固溶于B2-MgLi合金中形成Mg8Li7X固溶体及Mg4Li3X固溶体的态密度,并对其晶格常数、弹性模量、体模量与剪切模量之比B/G以及泊松比ν进行了计算.结果表明:固溶体晶格常数与合金原子半径的变化趋势相同,Al固溶于B2-MgLi合金中形成Mg8Li7Al固溶体热力学上是不稳定的,Zn和Cd固溶于B2-MgLi合金,合金的强度得到提高,但韧性和塑性降低;相反,Cu固溶于B2-MgLi合金,不利于合金强度的提高,但能增强合金的韧性和塑性.     

以多孔铜为集流体制备Cu6Sn5合金负极及其性能

以氢气泡为动力学模板电沉积获得多孔铜, 并通过热处理增强其结构稳定性. 进一步将多孔铜作为基底通过电沉积制备Cu-Sn合金负极. XRD结果给出其组成为Cu6Sn5合金, 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察到Cu6Sn5合金电极为三维(3D)多孔结构. 充放电结果指出, Cu6Sn5合金电极具有较好的充放电性能, 其首次放电(嵌锂)和充电(脱锂)容量分别为735和571 mAh·g-1, 并且具有较好的容量保持率. 运用电化学阻抗谱研究了Cu6Sn5合金电极在商业电解液中的界面特性.     

以多孔铜为集流体制备Cu6Sn5合金负极及其性能

以氢气泡为动力学模板电沉积获得多孔铜,并通过热处理增强其结构稳定性.进一步将多孔铜作为基底通过电沉积制备Cu-Sn合金负极.XRD结果给出其组成为Cu6Sn5合金,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察到Cu6Sn5合金电极为三维(3D)多孔结构.充放电结果指出,Cu6Sn5合金电极具有较好的充放电性能,其首次放电(嵌锂)和充电(脱锂)容量分别为735和571 mAh·g-1,并且具有较好的容量保持率.运用电化学阻抗谱研究了Cu6Sn5合金电极在商业电解液中的界面特性.     

电化学阻抗谱法研究Cu_6Sn_5合金负极相变过程

以粗糙铜箔为基底,采用一步电沉积法获得Cu-Sn合金,X射线衍射(XRD)测试结果显示其主要为Cu6Sn5合金相.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试结果表明该合金表面由大量"小岛"组成,且每个"小岛"上存在大量纳米合金粒子.充放电测试结果表明,以该合金为锂离子电池负极,其初始放电(嵌锂)和充电(脱锂)容量分别为461和405 mAh·g-1.电化学阻抗谱测试结果显示,Cu6Sn5合金电极在阴极极化过程中分别出现了代表固体电解质界面膜(SEI膜)阻抗、电荷传递阻抗和相变阻抗的圆弧,并详细分析了它们的变化规律.     

Sn-Sb合金的氢电弧等离子体法制备及其电化学性能

采用氢电弧等离子体方法成功地合成了锡锑合金纳米颗粒, 通过TEM、XRD、恒电流充放电测试等手段研究了其形态、结构及电化学行为. 结果表明: 锡锑合金纳米颗粒为球形形貌, 颗粒平均直径为138 nm, 由Sn和SnSb两相组成；经电化学性能测试, 该锡锑纳米颗粒首次嵌锂容量高达930 mAh•g−1, 可逆容量为701 mAh•g−1, 20次循环后容量仍为566 mAh•g−1, 容量保持率为81％. 用氢电弧等离子体方法制备的Sn-Sb合金纳米材料是有希望的锂离子电池负极材料.     

La-Ni-Al钙钛矿氧化物中Sr和Ca取代La对甲醇重整的影响

Mixed perovskite oxides with CaxLa1-xNi0.3Al0.7O3-d and SrxLa1-xNi0.3Al0.7O3-d(x=0,0.2,0.5,0.8,and 1.0;d=0.5x)components have been prepared by a sol-gel method.The effects of the partial substitution of La by Ca and Sr in dry CH4 reforming were investigated at 500-800 ℃ and 101 kPa.The resulting oxides were examined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,temperature-programmed reduction,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry,and BET surface area analysis.Studies following the catalytic tests by carbon analysis show some carbon deposition on this catalytic system.The results indicate that all initial salt entered into a propionate structure,and that most of the solid solution has well defined perovskite structure with surface areas between 3.5 and 9.5 m2/g.Most of the catalysts performed well in the dry reforming,with CH4 conversions up to 90%,H2 yields up to 80%,and H2 selectivity up to 90%.Among the samples,Sr0.2La0.8Ni0.3Al0.7O2.9 showed an excellent catalytic performance in CH4 dry reforming,with a H2/CO ratio of 1,whereas Ca0.8La0.2Ni0.3Al0.7O2.6 showed the lowest coke formation(approximately 0.71%).     

Microstructural impact of anodic coatings on the electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction

Sol-gel Ru(0.3)Sn(0.7)O(2) electrode coatings with crack-free and mud-crack surface morphology deposited onto a Ti-substrate are prepared for a comparative investigation of the microstructural effect on the electrochemical activity for Cl(2) production and the Cl(2) bubble evolution behaviour. For comparison, a state-of-the-art mud-crack commercial Ru(0.3)Ti(0.7)O(2) coating is used. The compact coating is potentially durable over a long term compared to the mud-crack coating due to the reduced penetration of the electrolyte. Ti L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirms that a TiO(x) interlayer is formed between the mud-crack Ru(0.3)Sn(0.7)O(2) coating and the underlying Ti-substrate due to the attack of the electrolyte. Meanwhile, the compact coating shows enhanced activity in comparison to the commercial coating, benefiting from the nanoparticle-nanoporosity architecture. The dependence of the overall electrode polarization behaviour on the local activity and the bubble evolution behaviour for the Ru(0.3)Sn(0.7)O(2) coatings with different surface microstructure are evaluated by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy and microscopic bubble imaging.     

Ti基准晶复相材料电极的电化学储氢性能

通过电弧熔炼和铜辊急冷技术分别制得Ti1.4V0.6Ni准晶材料和V5Ti9Zr26.2Ni38Cr3.5Co1.5Mn15.6Al0.4Sn0.8（VTZN）合金材料,再用球磨法得到Ti1.4V0.6Ni+20%(质量分数)VTZN的复相材料,研究了该复相材料的组织和电化学储氢特性。 结果表明,复相材料的相组成包括正二十面体准晶相（I-phase）、面心立方相（FCC）和体心立方相（BCC）。 复相材料作为镍氢电池负极,在303 K和放电电流密度为30 mA/g条件下,最大放电容量可达310 mA·h/g,放电性能优于Ti1.4V0.6Ni合金负极。     

并流淤浆混合法制备铜基甲醇合成催化剂及助剂Al2O3的作用研究

采用并流淤浆混合法制备了一系列具有不同铜锌铝比的铜基甲醇合成催化剂CuO/ZnO/Al2O3，测试了其催化性能(甲醇收率和CO转化率)及物相结构，并对该制备方法进行评价。Cu∶Zn∶Al摩尔比为4∶5∶1 的铜基催化剂显示了最好的催化活性。通过对催化剂前驱物煅烧过程进行DTA分析及对前驱物进行XRD分析表明， 催化剂前驱物的物相与Al2O3的量有关。当Al2O3的量较低时，前驱物的物相以(Cu0.3 Zn0.7)5(CO3)2(OH)6为主；当Al2O3的量较高时，前驱物中物相(Cu0.3Zn0.7)5(CO3)2(OH)6的量下降，而物相Cu2CO3(OH)2的量增加。物相(Cu0.3 Zn0.7)5(CO3)2(OH)6对终态催化剂的活性是十分有利的 。     

Characteristics and performance of M-doped cerium zirconium mixed oxide nanosized catalysts (M = Zn, Sn) in CO oxidation

Nanosized Ce_0.7Zr_0.3M_x oxide particles (M=Zn, Sn, x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) with 10–20 nm diameter were synthesized by a coprecipitation method. Their structure and morphology were characterized by XRD, FT-Raman and TEM. Zn did not incorporate well into Ce_0.7Zr_0.3 oxide, but Sn did. The catalytic performance of these particles for CO oxidation was investigated between 150–400°C under severe conditions. Ce_0.7Zr_0.3Sn_0.5 had the best performance with the lowest light-off temperature range (175–210°C). A temperature hysteresis was observed in all catalysts studied.     

LiAlyCo0.96-yMg0.04O2(y=0.3,0.7)的合成及相行为的DTA研究

用柠檬酸配位聚合法合成了LiAl_yCo_0.96-yMg_0.04O₂(y=0.3,0.7)粉体,采用DTA方法和X射线衍射分析研究了烧结温度对不同铝含量材料相行为的影响.实验结果表明,铝掺杂量低(y=0.3)时,在600℃烧结就可得到具有α-NaFeO₂结构的单相固溶体.而铝掺杂量高(y=0.7)时,在600和700℃烧结都有γ-LiAlO₂相出现,直到烧结温度升高到800℃才得到单相固溶体.     

Transport and Electrochemical Properties of SrFe(Al,Mo)O<Subscript>3–δ</Subscript>

In this work, effects of molybdenum doping on the crystal structure, stability, electrical conductivity, oxygen permeability and thermomechanical properties of Sr(Fe,Al)O_3–δ-based perovskites, were studied. The electrochemical performance of model anodes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), made of SrFe_0.7Mo_0.3O_3–δ, was assessed. Whilst the introduction of Mo cations improves structural stability with respect to the oxygen vacancy ordering processes, excessive molybdenum content leads to a worse phase and mechanical stability under oxidizing conditions. Mo-doping was shown to decrease the thermal and chemical expansivity, to reduce p-type electronic conductivity and to increase n-type electronic conduction. The oxygen permeation fluxes through gas-tight Sr_0.97Fe_0.75Al_0.2Mo_0.05O_3–δ membranes are determined by both the bulk oxygen diffusion and surface exchange kinetics. The role of the latter factor increases on decreasing temperature and reducing oxygen partial pressure. Due to a relatively high electrical conductivity and moderate thermal expansion coefficients in reducing conditions, SrFe_0.7Mo_0.3O_3–δ-based anodes show a substantially high electrochemical activity.     

混合稀土在铝基阳极中的作用

探讨了混合稀土金属对ＡｌＺｎＩｎＳｎＭｇ系阳极电化学性能和微观组织的影响，发现温度低于８０℃的工作环境下，混合稀土有使阳极工作电位正化的倾向，但可使阳极表面溶解均匀，避免电流效率降低，从而提高Ａｌ基阳极高温工作时的电化学保护性能。稀土金属能细化晶粒，抑制第二相对阳极晶界的导通腐蚀，是阳极性能提高的主要原因。     

Effect of Ru addition on the structural characteristics and the electrochemical activity for ethanol oxidation of carbon supported Pt–Sn alloy catalysts

Binary Pt–Sn/C (1:1) and ternary Pt–Sn–Ru/C (1:1:0.3 and 1:1:1) catalysts were synthesized by reduction of precursors with formic acid, and their activity for ethanol oxidation was compared with that of commercial Pt/C and Pt–Ru/C catalysts. Linear sweep voltammetry measurements at 40 and 90 °C showed that for potentials higher than 0.3 V vs. RHE, the Pt–Sn–Ru/C (1:1:0.3) catalyst presents the highest activity for ethanol electro-oxidation, while the electrochemical activity of the Pt–Sn–Ru/C (1:1:1) catalyst was lower than that of both the binary Pt–Sn/C and Pt–Ru/C catalysts. Tests in a single direct ethanol fuel cell confirmed the superior performance of the Pt–Sn–Ru/C (1:1:0.3) electrocatalyst. The positive effect of the Ru presence in the Pt–Sn–Ru/C (1:1:0.3) catalyst was ascribed to the interactions between Sn and Ru oxides.